World History MidTerm

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Early Homo sapiens first lived in _ and then migrated to other regions

Africa

Early humans first lived in _____________ and then migrated to other places in the world.

Africa

most honored Maurya Emperor

Asoka

murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons

Assassination

Founded one of the world's first libraries

Assurbanipal

founded one of the world's first libraries

Assurbanipal

(A.D. 245 - A.D. 311) was a Roman general who became emperor. To make the government more effective, he divided the large empire into East and West and appointed a co-emperor

Diocletian

to tame animals and adapt crops so they are best suited to use by humans

Domesticate

an anthropologist from 1974 who discovered a complete skeleton which was dated to 3 million years ago, he named the skeleton Lucy

Donald Johanson

anthropologist who searched for fossils in Ethiopia; found the skeleton of Lucy the australopithecine

Donald Johanson

rise and fall of Chinese dynasties according to the Mandate of Heaven

Dynastic Cycle

T or F The Iliad, full as it is of gods, goddesses, and even a talking horse, is our chief source of information about the Peloponnesian War

F

T or F History is the record of events since human beings first appeared on Earth.

F

T or F? A nomad stays in one location for many years and makes a permanent home.

F

T or F? A scientist who uncovers the remains of ancient settlements and studies the material objects made in those settlements is called an anthropologist.

F

T or F? Artisans are unskilled workers

F

T or F? During the Ice Age, Earth experienced a long period of hot and dry weather.

F

T or F? Historians were able to learn a lot about the Mississippians because they left behind written records as well as artifacts in settlement remians.

F

To impose unity, Shi Huangdi abolished _______

Feudalism

loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and and other support to a greater lord

Feudalism

_ is the Egyptian god worshiped as the ideal mother and wife. She is known as the protector of the dead and goddess of children. She is usually portrayed as a woman, wearing a throne-shaped headdress

Isis

goddess of magic and mothergood

Isis

goddess of magic and motherhood

Isis

Which statement best characterizes this quotation? "If you believe what you like in the gospels, and reject what you don't like, it is not the gospel you believe, but yourself." —Augustine of Hippo

It blends Christian teaching and a logical approach to knowledge

Which of the following statements is true of Mycenaean civilization but not of Minoan civilization?

It dominated the Aegean world through warfare

the world's first village, established in the modern-day West Bank between 10,000 and 9000 B.C.

Jericho

Sentiments such as this one encouraged many Roman women to become followers of ______. "there is neither Jew nor Greek . . . neither slave nor free . . . neither male nor female." —letter from Paul to the Galatians

Jesus

When was the Trojan War?

1250 B.C.

The _ was the final era of prehistory and began about 9000 B.C.

Neolithic Era

the final era of prehistory, which began about 9000 B.C.; also called the New Stone Age

Neolithic Period

the _ led to the rise of civilizations - or well organized societies that have a government and high levels of culture

Neolithic Revolution

the change from hunting for food to producing food occurred during the New Stone Age

Neolithic Revolution

the period of time during which the introduction of agriculture led people to transition from nomadic to settled life

Neolithic Revolution

Which statement accurately describes this image?

Nero, who persecuted Christians, was blamed for setting fire to Rome.

the final era of prehistory, also called the Neolithic Period

New Stone Age

the final era of prehistory, which began about 9000 B.C.; also called the Neolithic Period

New Stone Age

Menes, the king of Upper Egypt, united the two regions of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. What feature served as a highway linking the two regions?

Nile River

a person who moves from place to place in search of food

Nomad

title of the rulers of ancient Egypt

Pharaoh

Native American village of the North American Southwest

Pueblo

the largest Anasazi pueblo, built in New Mexico in the A.D. 900s

Pueblo Bonito

Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of the Inca civilization?

The Inca emperor owned all the land and people in his empire.

Compare and contrast the environments in which the Inca and Aztec lived. Which of the following choices is correct?

The Inca lived in the mountains while the Aztec lived in a valley on a high plateau.

Under the aristocracy, Athenian wealth and power grew. Yet discontent spread among ordinary people. Why might Athenian soldiers have shared the feelings described in this excerpt?

They believed that their service to Athens entitled them to more rights

Which statement correctly describes a similarity between Plato and Socrates?

They both encouraged people to discover ethical values through reason.

Which statement correctly describes a similarity between Plato and Socrates? They both encouraged people to discover ethical values through reason. They both expounded their beliefs about governance systems in books. They both set up schools for disseminating knowledge. They were both students of an Athenian philosopher named Aristotle.

They both encouraged people to discover ethical values through reason.

Before the Maya developed large population centers, like those later constructed by the Inca and Aztecs, they lived scattered across the land. They developed two farming methods that allowed them to thrive in the tropical environment. Which farming method indicated in this text was adopted by the Maya?

They built raised fields along the banks of rivers to lift crops up above the annual floodwaters.

Which statement is true of Inca farmers who farmed in the way this image shows?

They built stone walls to hold the strips of land on steep hillsides in place.

Why did scholars name an early hominid group Homo habilis, which means "handy man"?

They were the first hominids to make stone tools

Which statement is true about these "floating gardens"?

They were used to raise maize, squash, and beans.

military conflict around 1250 B.C. between Mycenae and Troy, a rich trading city in present-day Turkey, described in Homer's epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey

Trojan War

in ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force

Tyrant

valley in Mexico in which the numerous Mesoamerican civilizations, including the Aztecs, arose

Valley of Mexico

a collection of hymns, chants, ritual instructions, and other religious teachings

Vedas

local military rulers

Warlords

What is technology?

The skills and tools people use to meet basic needs and wants.

Originally, the Roman republic was governed by _______.

a senate consisting of 300 patricians

When Sargon, the ruler of Akkad, invaded and conquered the neighboring city-states of Sumer, what did he create for the first time?

an empire

Which group's belief in one God excused it from worshiping Roman gods?

followers of Judaism

Which objects provided anthropologists with the first clues about prehistoric life?

footprints, bones, tools

domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

imperialism

economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available

inflation

early farmers learned to use a system of ditches and canals to bring water to the crops in distant fields

irrigation

The villages at Catalhuyuk included

rectangular, connected houses of mud and brick

The calendar was an important technology because

it let people know when to plant and harvest

Mesa Verde, Spanish for "green table," offers a spectacular look into the lives of the Ancestral Pueblo people who made it their home for over 700 years, from A.D. 600 to 1300. Which statement is true of the dwelling described in this text?

it offered protection from intruders

family organization in which several generations share a common dwelling

joint family

several generations fo parents and children shared a common dwelling

joint family

(c. 100 b.c. - 44 b.c.) was a roman general, master of political maneuvers, and a reformist. He advocated for the re-organization of Rome's government. In 47 B.C., he became dictator, and three years later was assassinated

julius caesar

group of people with authority to make a decision in a legal case

jury

A law that refers to both actions and results

karma

In Hinduism, ________ refers to all the actions of a person's life that affect his or her fate in the next life

karma

The Buddha stressed that each person should seek enlightenment through _______

meditation

The Buddha stressed that each person should seek enlightenment through _______.

meditation

united the two regions of ancient Egypt- Upper and Lower

menes

soldiers serving in a foreign army for pay

mercenaries

What message was Jesus trying to convey with these words? "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God."

mercy and sympathy for the poor and helpless

region of North America, including Mexico and Central America, in which civilizations with common cultural features developed before Europeans entered the continent

mesoamerica

savior sent by God

messiah

Someone sent to promote religious conversion in a territory or foreign country

missionaries

Which occurrence led to the spread of Buddhism beyond India

missionaries and traders spread buddhism to other parts of Asia

exercise of central power by a hereditary ruler

monarchy

government in which a king or queen exercises central power

monarchy

complete control of a product or business by one person or group

monopoly

Which term refers to seasonal winds that regularly blow across the Indian subcontinent?

monsoon

a seasonal wind that is part of a global wind pattern

monsoon

Led the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery and into the land of Canaan.

moses

the preservation of dead bodies by embalming and wrapping them in cloth

mummification

people who seek direct communion with the divine

mystic

(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.

neolithic revolution

Union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth

nirvana

Which term refers to the Buddhist belief of union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth

nirvana

Which term refers to the Buddhist belief of union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth?

nirvana

A person who moves from place to place in search of food

nomad

The text reinforces that ahimsa, a key moral principle of Hinduism, means _______. For more than 2,500 years, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain teachers have expressed the value of ahimsa as a core principle of philosophy, spirituality, and ethics. Mahavira, the last great teacher of Jainism, even proclaimed that ahimsa is the greatest dharma, a term whose meanings include religion, ethics, duty, virtue, and cosmic law

nonviolence

The text reinforces that ahimsa, a key moral principle of Hinduism, means _______. For more than 2,500 years, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain teachers have expressed the value of ahimsa as a core principle of philosophy, spirituality, and ethics. Mahavira, the last great teacher of Jainism, even proclaimed that ahimsa is the greatest dharma, a term whose meanings include religion, ethics, duty, virtue, and cosmic law.

nonviolence

a fresco of leaping dolphins would show the importance of the _ to the Minoan civilization

ocean

the era of prehistory that lasted from 2 million years to 9 million years ago. Also known as Paleolithic period

old Stone Age

Confucius taught that _______

older people are superior to younger ones

Which place is likely being described in the text? Deposits exposed in the sides of the gorge cover a time span from about 2.1 million years ago to 15,000 years ago. The deposits have yielded the fossil remains of more than 60 hominids (members of the human lineage), providing the most continuous known record of human evolution during the past 2 million years, as well as the longest known archaeological record of the development of stone-tool industries.

olduvai gorge

a gorge in northeastern Tanzania where anthropologists have found some of the earliest human remains dating back 1.7-2.1 million years

olduvai gorge

government in which ruling power belongs to a few people

oligarchy

The rebirth of the soul into another bodily form

reincarnation

In Jewish tradition, _ was the son of David, known for building the Temple of Jerusalem. He was also famous for his wisdom. After his death, the Kingdom of Israel was divided into two parts

solomon

Which phrase fits into the blank cell on this chart? CIVILIZATION Minoan Mycenaean Dorian CHARACTERISTICS trade sea traders invader ACCOMPLISHMENTS establishment of outposts throughout the Aegean world ? Invasion of Greece

participation in the Trojan War

in the Roman and Byzantine empires, the highest church official in a major city

patriarch

relating to a society which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority

patriarchal

a member of the land-holding upper class

patrician

head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops

pope

among Native American groups of the Northwest coast, ceremonial gift-giving by people of high rank and wealth

potlatch

Archaeology and anthropology aid our understanding of the period for which there are no written records

prehistory

time before recorded history

prehistory

spiritual leader who interprets God's will

prophet

who derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides fo a right triangle

pythagorus

anthropologists use a scientific technique that measures the rate of organic decay to determine the approximate age of prehistoric remains

radio carbon dating

most skilled war leader elected to a position of power by an assembly of warriors

rajah

(about 628 BC - 551 BC) _ was an Iranian religious reformer and founder of Zoroastrianism. He emphasized individual freedom to choose right or wrong and individual responsibility for one's actions. _'s ideas influenced the early development of philosophy

Zoroaster

Which religion held the belief described in the following statement? After judgment is passed by Ahura Mazda, the good enter the kingdom of everlasting joy and light, and the bad are consigned to the regions of horror and darkness.

Zoroastrianism

The main reason for the decline of the Roman republic was _______.

the growing gap between the rich and the poor

Early Christian documents were written in Greek or Latin and the spread of Christianity was also aided by _______.

the unity of the Roman empire

an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

tribune

The Roman senate extended democracy to the lower classes with its admission of ______.

tribunes

payment that conquered peoples may be forced to pay their conquerors

tribute

true or false? Glaciers are large sheets of ice that move slowly across the surface of the Earth

true

true or false? The earliest known humans migrated over long distances in search of food

true

Which feature of civilization provides the most important artifacts

writing

Which feature of civilization provides the most important artifacts?

writing

an amount that is more than needed, excess

surplus

an amount that is more than needed; excess

surplus

According to The Funeral Oration of Pericles, what is a responsibility of citizens?

take part in government

The skills and tools people use to meet basic needs and wants

technology

refers to the skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs and wants

technology

skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs and wants

technology

Loess, or fine windblown soil that settles on the river bottom and raises the water level, has earned this river the nickname, "River of Sorrows."

the Huang

The first civilization that developed in Mesopotamia

Sumer

Who is "they" referred to in the following quotation? "They also established a number system based on six, dividing the hour into 60 minutes and the circle into 360 degrees, as we still do today."

Sumerians

policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds

expansionism

T or F Herodotus wrote about the Persian Wars. He stressed the importance of research. He condemned other writers of history who invented conversations between historical figures

f

true or false A lion is a domesticated animal

false

true or false? A scientist who uncovers the remains of ancient settlements and studies the material objects made in those settlements is called and anthropologist

false

Ancestral Puebloans got food primarily by

farming

an area that stretches in an arc form the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and is know for having good soil and for being the beginning of the known world

fertile crescent

loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own land but owed military service and other support to a great lord

feudalism

respect for parents

filial piety

a nomadic people of central Asia

huns

"Veni, vidi, vici" means ________.

i came, i saw, i conquered

What is the correct order in which these Chinese dynasties came to power? A. Shang B. Zhou C. Han D. Qin

A-B-D-C

Many scholars consider the Olmec the first American civilization; it emerged in the tropical forests along the Gulf Coast of Mexico. The culture described in this text lasted from

1500 B.C. to 400 B.C.

Why might a writing system, such as hieroglyphics, be valuable to the ancient Egyptian government?

A writing system allowed the Egyptians to keep records and maintain a more organized government.

in the Inca empire, a close-knit village

Ayllu

According to Jewish tradition, _ is the ancestor of the Jewish people. From the city of Ur and the son of an idol merchant , _ made a special covenant with God. _ led his descendants to Canaan, which Jews consider their Promised Land.

Abraham

According to the Hebrew Bible, who was the recipient of the following promise? You shall be the father of a multitude of nations. . . . I will make nations of you, and kings shall come forth from you. And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your descendants after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your descendants after you. And I will give to you, and to your descendants after you, the land of your sojournings [short stay], all the land of Canaan.

Abraham

_ was king of Egypt for 17 years. He abandoned traditional Egyptian polytheism and established a new cult dedicated to the Aton, the sun's disk. His attempt to start a new religion died with him in 1336 B.C.

Akhenaton

united India under his rule

Chandragupta Maurya

(356 B.C. - 324 B.C.), Philip II's son and Aristotle's pupil, at age 20 became heir to Philip's territories. He conquered the Persian empire, founding new cities as his armies won victories in Asia Minor, Palestine, and Egypt, and then captured Babylon. Continuing eastward into India, his tired troops refused to go farther. Returned to Babylon, Alexander, age 32, died from a sudden fever

Alexander the Great

founded in 332 B.C. by Alexander the Great, became one of the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world. Located in Egypt on the sea lanes between Europe and Asia, Alexandria became known for its size, great markets, huge Pharos lighthouse, and the Museum, a learning center with a famous library

Alexandria

What feature is common to all hominids?

All hominids walked upright on two feet

What did the poet Horace mean by these words? "Greece has conquered her rude conqueror."

Although Rome conquered Greece, Greece conquered Rome culturally.

The Sun god

Amon-Re

_ was considered the king of the gods. He was present in the mythology and culture of the Egyptian people from their beginning

Amon-Re

the king of the gods, the sun god

Amon-Re

_____________ refers to the study of the origins and development of people and their societies.

Anthropology

(c. 287 B.C. - c. 212 B.C.), a famous Hellenistic mathematician and inventor from Syracuse, a Greek colony (now in Italy), is known for understanding the principle of levers, discovering the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere, and inventing the Archimedes screw, a device for raising water

Archimedes

who argued that Earth rotated on its axis and orbited the sun

Aristarchus

(384 B.C. - 322 B.C.), a student of Plato, was a philosopher, writer about many branches of knowledge, founder of the Lyceum, and tutor of Alexander the Great

Aristotle

Alexander the Great was tutored by

Aristotle

what statement is true about early civilizations in America?

Arose away from river valleys

Which generalization is best supported by the art on an Athenian vase?

Athenian painters considered everyday life to be a worthy subject for art

Which generalization is best supported by this picture of an Athenian vase?

Athenian painters considered everyday life to be a worthy subject for art

city-state in ancient Greece that evolved from a monarchy to a limited direct democracy and became famous for its great cultural achievements

Athens

What was one way that Athens was more democratic than Sparta?

Athens had a true legislature, while Sparta did not.

(364 - 430 a.d.) was a Christian scholar whose written works had long-lasting effects on the Christian religion. He studied in Roman Africa and went on to become a bishop

Augustine

63 B.C. - 14 A.D.) was the first Roman emperor of the newly established Roman Empire. Augustus's rule began a long-lasting period of peace and wealth known as the Pax Romana

Augustus

To which hominid group did Johanson's "Lucy" belong to?

Australopithecines

put the early hominid groups in the correct order, starting with earliest

Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens

puts the early hominid groups in the correct order, starting with the earliest group.

Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens

the earliest group of humans (including Lucy), lived in Africa as far as 7 million years ago

Australopithecus

Who wrote the handbook of behavior from which this excerpt has been taken? "Let a woman retire late to bed, but rise early to duties; let her not dread tasks by day or by night. Let her not refuse to perform domestic duties whether easy or difficult. That which must be done, let her finish completely, tidily, and systematically. When a woman follows such rules as these, then she may be said to be industrious."

Ban Zhao

economic system in which one set of goods or services is exchanged for another

Barter Economy

If people are polytheistic, it means they

Believe in many gods

list the categories of the Indian caste system in order of most important to least

Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaisya, Sudra

The founder of which religion said these words as he lay dying? "Decay is inherent in all things. Work out your own salvation with diligence."

Buddhism

system of government through departments and subdivisions administered by officials who follow set rules

Bureaucracy

in Illinois, the largest earthwork of the Mississippian culture, c. A.D. 700

Cahokia

As part of His covenant with Abraham, which region did God declare would one day belong to the Israelites and as such was viewed by the Israelites as their "promised land?"

Canaan

a larger city site in modern Turkey, population around 6,500

Catalhuyuk

one of the world's first villages, established in modern-day Turkey around 7000 B.C.

Catalhuyuk

a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about 900 to 200 B.C.

Chavin

in the Aztec empire, an artificial island used to cultivate crops and made of mud piled atop reed mats that were anchored to the lake bed with willow trees

Chinampa

the sacred writings of the Christian religion

Christian Bible

He is China's most famous philosopher. His teachings about the importance of education and public service influenced many eastern Asian civilizations. His ancestors, members of the aristocracy, were poor by the time of his birth. By the age of 15, he was dedicated to the life of a scholar. Although his ideas about the proper way to live guided millions of people, his own life was simple and reflected a deep humility.

Confucius

This excerpt is from a book that contains the sayings of _______. "The Master said, Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it. That is knowledge." —Analects

Confucius

(a.d. 280 - a.d. 337) was the first Roman Emperor to become a Christian. During his reign, he prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church

Constantine

This painting illustrates a pattern of Roman treatment of Christians that ended with the reign of Emperor ______.

Constantine

capital city of the Inca empire

Cuzco

As described in the Books of Samuel 1, 1 Kings, and 1 Chronicles, _ was from the tribe of Judah and began his life as a shepherd in Bethlehem. Eventually, _ became king of a united Israel. Jews and Christians also believe he edited the Book of Psalms.

David

United the 12 tribes of Israel into a single nation

David

The interior region of the Indian subcontinent is called the

Deccan

an embankment or other construction made of earth

Earthwork

What fact about ancient Egypt is reflected in the following statement from the pharaoh Ramses II? "The foot of an Egyptian woman may walk where it pleases her and no one may deny her."

Egyptian women held higher status than women elsewhere in the ancient world.

The following text refers to a book used by the ancient Egyptians. What does this book suggest about Egyptian beliefs? To survive the dangerous journey through the underworld, Egyptians relied on the Book

Egyptians believed that charms known in life could protect people in the afterlife.

According the Buddha, this is the path that one must follow to achieve nirvana

Eightfold Path

The Roman republic was established after a successful rebellion against the ______.

Etruscans

a people who inhabited early Italy

Etruscans

T or F A lion is a domesticated animal.

F

T or F Alexander won his first victory against the Persians at the Granicus River. He was 20 years old and an inexperienced soldier.

F

T or F Cleisthenes constricted the role of ordinary citizens in government

F

Taught by Buddha, they are the basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism

Four Noble Truths

(c. 154 B.C. - 121 B.C.) was the brother of Tiberius and a plebeian political reformist who sought to limit senatorial power. He advanced checks and balances to minimize financial influence. Like his brother, he was murdered by thugs hired by the Roman Senate

Gaius Gracchus

Travel and trade during the Pax Romana spread the influence of ______.

Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman traditions

The Roman alphabet originated with the __________.

Greeks

(A.D. 76 - A.D. 138) was a Roman emperor from A.D. 117 - A.D. 138. Considered one of the "Five Good Emperors", he codified Roman law and traveled extensively, uniting the empire

Hadrian

(1792 BC - 1750 BC) _ became the first king of the Babylonian empire. He inherited the power from his father, who extended Babylon's control across Mesopotamia. _ is known for writing the first code of law in recorded history

Hammurabi

Wrote the first code of law in recorded history

Hammurabi

Wrote the first code of law in recorded history.

Hammurabi

The two cities whose ruins have provided information about Indus Valley Civilizations are

Harappa, Mohenjo-Dara

(Died 1458 B.C.) Queen _ served for 20 years alongside her husband, Thutmose II, but after his death took the role of pharaoh and served as regent to Thutmose III. She is known for building temples and monuments and generally making Egypt flourish

Hatshepsut

Which statement is true of Herodotus?

He invented conversations and speeches for historical figures

"The Sapa Inca was believed to be descended from the sun god, Inti, and was worshipped by his people as a god. Traditionally, the Sapa Inca married his eldest sister, who became known as the Coya." —Hazel Richardson, Life in Ancient South America Which statement is true of the person discussed above?

He kept the people fed and public works projects staffed using a labor tax

Which reform was introduced in Athens by Solon?

He outlawed debt slavery

Which statement is true about the Sapa Inca (Pachacuti) in this picture?

He sent spies into enemy territory to gain intelligence.

What is one way that Darius united the Persian empire?

He standardized coinage and other aspects of the Persian economy

based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe

Heliocentric

(c. 484 B.C. - c. 425 B.C.), often called the "Father of History", traveled widely throughout the ancient Mediterranean world, collecting information for his chronicles of past events, including the Persian wars. In his writings, he noted bias and conflicting accounts in his sources

Herodotus

"I will use my power to help the sick to the best of my ability and judgment; I will abstain from harming or wronging any man by it. . . . Whatever I see or hear, professionally, or privately, which ought not to be divulged, I will keep secret. . . . If, therefore, I observe this oath and do not violate it, may I prosper both in my life and in my profession, earning good repute among all men for all time." This oath, which set ethical standards for doctors, is attributed to

Hippocrates

(c. 460 B.C. - c. 375 B.C.), a Greek physician traditionally regarded as the father of medicine, who studied the causes of illnesses, seeking their cures. Many ancient medical writings are attributed to him, although he probably wrote few of them. He is honored for his Hippocratic oath that sets ethical standards for medical practice

Hippocrates

The Pima and Papago are descendants of the ________, also known as the "Vanished Ones."

Hohokams

according to tradition the author of the epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, is thought to have traveled from village to village singing about heroic deeds of warriors during the Trojan War

Homer

"handy man", emerged 2 million years ago, first hominids to make stone tools

Homo Habilis

first hominids to use fire, pioneered a stone tool called a hand axe, "upright man", appeared about 2 million years ago

Homo erectus

modern humans, appeared after homo Habilis disappeared

Homo sapiens

a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about A.D. 600 to 1000

Huari

"Our citizens attend both to public and private duties, and do not allow absorption in their own various affairs to interfere with their knowledge of the city's life. We differ from other states in regarding the man who holds aloof from public life not as 'quiet' but as useless." —Pericles, Funeral Oration Which statement best sums up the main idea of this passage?

In Athens, all citizens have a responsibility to take part in government

god of war

Indra

the Inca sun god

Inti

"I, Dekanawidah, and the confederate lords now uproot the tallest pine tree and into the cavity [hole] thereby made we cast all weapons of war. Into the depths of the earth . . . we cast all weapons of strife [conflict]. We bury them from sight forever and plant again the tree. Thus shall all Great Peace be established and hostilities shall no longer be known between the Five Nations but only peace to a united people." —The Constitution of the Five Nations The political organization described in this quotation was known as the ________ League.

Iroquois

political alliance of five Iroquois groups, known as the Five Nations, in the late 1500s

Iroquois League

Which of the following statements is true of Mycenaean civilization but not of Minoan civilization? It achieved prosperity through trade. It was eventually conquered by invaders. It controlled the island of Crete. It dominated the Aegean world through warfare.

It dominated the Aegean world through warfare.

Which statement is true about the settlement described in this text? Cahokia, village, St. Clair county, southwestern Illinois, U.S. It lies along the Mississippi River, opposite St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1699 by Quebec missionaries and named for a tribe of Illinois Indians (Cahokia, meaning "Wild Geese"), it was the first permanent European settlement in Illinois.

It had a plaza in the center and agricultural land surrounding it.

Based on your knowledge of Olmec civilization, this stone carving best shows which of the following?

It indicates the Olmec could organize massive public labor projects.

Which statement gives the most insightful historical appraisal of this quotation? "I found Rome of clay; I leave it to you of marble." —last words of Octavian Augustus

It is accurate, because the reign of Augustus marked the birth of the Roman empire.

Remains of Pueblo Bonito, the largest such pueblo, still stand in New Mexico.

It was a freestanding village built on the flatlands.

What do structures, like the pyramids and the sphinx, suggest about ancient Egypt?

It was complex and capable of highly organized efforts.

large underground chamber that the Anasazi used for religious ceremonies and political meetings

Kiva

an ancient Minoan City on the island of Crete.

Knossos

city in ancient Crete, the principle center of Minoan civilization that dominated the Aegean between about 1600 B.C. and 1400 B.C. Excavations beginning in 1900 discovered a palace and surrounding buildings of a sophisticated culture

Knossos

_ means "Master _" or "Old Master" in the Chinese language. An old man when Confucius was a young scholar, _ was born in a small village in ancient China. He was appointed a historian in one of the Zhou dynasty courts. _ developed a philosophy of inner calm, purity of mind, and living in harmony with nature is called Dao, or the way of the universe.

Laozi

Which statement is true of the Spartan government in ancient Greece?

Major decisions were approved by an assembly

Which statement is true of the Spartan government in ancient Greece? Twenty ephors ran the day-to-day affairs. It was headed by a single monarch. All native-born Spartans were accorded citizenship. Major decisions were approved by an assembly.

Major decisions were approved by an assembly.

Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome, were said to be the sons of a Latin woman and the god _______.

Mars

Anthropologists from the 1930s who found evidence of early hominids in Olduvai Gorge

Mary Leakey, Louis Leakey

The Olmec also invented a calendar, and they carved hieroglyphic writing into stone. Which group of people shared the characteristics described in this text?

Maya

Which culture developed an understanding of this concept? From placeholder to the driver of calculus, zero has crossed the greatest minds and most diverse borders since it was born many centuries ago. Today, zero is perhaps the most pervasive global symbol known. In the story of zero, something can be made out of nothing.

Maya

the largest complex of Anasazi cliff-dwellings in the North American Southwest, built between A.D. 1150 and A.D. 1300

Mesa Verde

The land between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers

Mesopotamia

A fresco of people jumping over a bull's horns would represent the art of which civilization?

Minoan

This ancient fresco is representative of the art of what civilization?

Minoan

people sent on a religious mission

Missionaries

a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about 400 B.C. to 600 A.D.

Moche

Achieving union with Brahman

Moksha

economic system in which goods or services are paid for through the exchange of a token of an agreed value

Money Economy

complete control of a product or business by one person or a group

Monopoly

believing in one god

Monotheistic

As described in the Hebrew Bible, _ was a Jewish religious leader who led the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery back to Canaan. Jews believe that during the journey, or Exodus, God presented _ with a set of religious and ethical laws for the Jewish people known as the Ten Commandments

Moses

Who defeated the trojans in the Trojan war?

Mycenaeans

In the war that took place around 1250 B.C., shown in the illustration here and described in the Iliad,

Mycenaeans defeated troy

Who battled each other in the battle of troy

Mycenaeans, trojans

a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about 200 B.C. to A.D. 600

Nazca

(634 BC - 562 BC) _ was king of the Babylonian empire form 605 BC to 562 BC. He led several military campaigns, which expanded the empire to Aramea, Judah, and other cities. He rebuilt the city of Babylon and is credited with the construction of the famous Hanging Gardens

Nebuchadnezzar

Built the famous Hanging Gardens

Nebuchadnezzar

The era of prehistory that lasted form 2 million B.C. to about 10,000 B.C.

Old Stone Age

the era of prehistory that lasted from 2 million B.C. to about 9000 B.C.

Old Stone Age

Where did the first clues of prehistoric life come from?

Olduvai Gorge

concentration of power in the hands of the wealthy

Oligarchy

the earliest American civilization, located along the Gulf Coast of Mexico from about 1200 BC to 400 BC

Olmec

Who is the ancient Egyptian god described in the following passage? ". . . he was both a god of fertility and the embodiment of the dead and resurrected king."

Osiris

_ is the Egyptian god identified as the god of the afterlife. He is often depicted as a green-skinned man with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs wearing a crown with ostrich feathers, holding a symbolic crook

Osiris

god of the afterlife

Osiris

(1438-1471) was a skilled warrior growing up. He expanded the Inca empire to what is now Peru and Ecuador. His capital was Cuzco, and he is credited with developing its city plan.

Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui

the era of prehistory that lasted from at least 2 million B.C. to about 9000 B.C.; also called the Old Stone Age

Paleolithic Period

(c. 4 b.c. - a.d. 64) was an early opponent of Christianity who, after having a vision, was converted to the teachings of Jesus. He became a missionary to spread the teachings of Jesus

Paul

Inca religion culminated in the worship of the sun, which was presided over by the priests of the last native pre-Columbian conquerors of the Andean regions of South America. Which statement correctly describes a feature of the religion mentioned in this text?

People offered food, clothing, and drink to the guardian spirits of the home and the village.

(495 B.C. - 429 B.C.) was an Athenian statesman in the 400s B.C. who led Athens during its golden age of cultural achievement under democratic government

Pericles

(359 B.C. - 336 B.C.), restored internal peace to Macedonia, built an effective army, and then formed alliances with many Greek city-states or conquered them. After defeating the united forces of Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea, all of Greece came under his control. Assassination ended his aim to conquer Persia

Philip II

(437 B.C. - 347 B.C.) a student of Socrates, was an Athenian thinker, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens

Plato

(570 B.C. - c. 490 B.C.), a Greek philosopher and mathematician who studied the meaning of numbers and their relationships. He formulated principles that influenced the thinking of Plato and Aristotle, and also established an academy in Croton (now in Italy). Today he is best known for deriving the Pythagorean theorem, a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle

Pythagoras

Which Hellenistic mathematician developed the following theorem, which is named for him? "... the sum of the squares on the legs of a right triangle is equal to the square on the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle)—or, in familiar algebraic notation, (a2) + (b2) = c2."

Pythagoras

The language spoken by the Inca was known as

Quechua

Which word correctly replaces the "?" in this chart? CHARACTERISTIC Farming Domesticated Animals Crafts Counting/Record-keeping Medical practices DESCRIPTION Terraced Alpacas,llamas metal work, eating utensils for nobles, weaving, pottery ?? Surgery, early antiseptic/anesthesia, mummification

Quipu

knotted strings used by Inca officials for record-keeping

Quipu

(1292 B.C. - 1190 B.C.) _ is known for his building programs and for the wars he waged with the Hittites and Libyans. He reigned for more than 66 years and is known for the construction of Egypt's most famous monuments and architecture

Ramses II

stone monument that includes the same passage carved in hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek and that was used to decipher the meanings of many hieroglyphs

Rosetta Stone

a holy day for rest and worship

Sabbath

the title of the Inca emperor

Sapa Inca

Built the first empire known in history

Sargon

built the first empire known to history

Sargon

What is the correct order in which the Chinese dynasties came to power

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han

He became the king of Qin. He proclaimed himself _ _ , or "First Emperor". Using spies, loyal generals, and bribery, he removed the leaders of six other surrounding states to create a unified China under his authoritarian rule. However, the unified China he created was too dependent on him. The Qin dynasty collapsed four years after his death.

Shi Huangdi

Which emperor ordered the construction of the great wall of china

Shi Huangdi

Who ordered the construction of the Great Wall

Shi Huangdi

Founder of the Buddhist religion

Siddhartha Gautama

(468 B.C. - 399 B.C.) was an Athenian stonemason and philosopher who sought truth by questioning, as described in dialogues written by Plato

Socrates

Built the Temple in Jerusalem

Solomon

built the temple in Jerusalem

Solomon

The idea that people should not struggle against the the inevitable sorrows and disappointments of life is a central teaching of what school of thought?

Stoicism

"For me, it was not Zeus who made that order. . . . ?Nor did I think your orders were so strong that you, a mortal man, could overrun? the gods' unwritten and unfailing laws." —Antigone Which playwright wrote these lines?

Sophocles

Who wrote Antigone?

Sophocles

Which statement tells a characteristic of the life described in this excerpt? "Instead of softening the boys' feet with sandals, he required them to harden their feet by going without shoes. He believed that if this habit were cultivated, it would enable them to climb hills more easily and descend steep inclines with less danger, and that a youth who had accustomed himself to go barefoot would leap and jump and run more nimbly than a boy in sandals. And instead of letting them be pampered in the matter of clothing, he introduced the custom of wearing one garment throughout the year, believing that they would thus be prepared to face changes of heat and cold." —Xenophon, on the system of education set up by Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver

Spartan boys were encouraged to steal food to develop cunning

Which statement tells a characteristic of the life described in this excerpt? "Instead of softening the boys' feet with sandals, he required them to harden their feet by going without shoes. He believed that if this habit were cultivated, it would enable them to climb hills more easily and descend steep inclines with less danger, and that a youth who had accustomed himself to go barefoot would leap and jump and run more nimbly than a boy in sandals. And instead of letting them be pampered in the matter of clothing, he introduced the custom of wearing one garment throughout the year, believing that they would thus be prepared to face changes of heat and cold." —Xenophon, on the system of education set up by Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver Spartan men could take their place in the assembly only at the age of 60. Spartan men engaged in trade with the other city-states of Greece. Spartan boys began training for athletic events at the age of fifteen. Spartan boys were encouraged to steal food to develop cunning.

Spartan boys were encouraged to steal food to develop cunning.

in the ancient world, a tall, commemorative monument that was often decorated

Stela

T or F In Greek legend, the Trojan War had a romantic cause. When the Trojan prince, Paris, kidnaps Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king, the Mycenaeans sail to Troy to rescue her. For the next 10 years, the two sides battle until the Greeks finally seize Troy and burn the city to the ground.

T

T or F One characteristic of a civilization is a division of labor, in which different people perform different jobs.

T

T or F The earliest known humans migrated over long distances in search of food.

T

T or F Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War, which he had witnessed, and wrote frankly about the negative affects of the war. He stressed the need to avoid bias by trying to be fair to both sides.

T

T or F Women in Athens had no political rights and did not receive education as boys did.

T

T or F? Glaciers are large sheets of ice that move slowly across the surface of the Earth.

T

T or F? The traditions of the Mississippians survived among the Natchez people, who are known for their worship of the sun god

T

T or F? Cultural diffusion occurs when groups of people spread their idea, customs, and goods to different parts of the world.

T

T or F? Cuzco was the capital city of the Inca.

T

T or F? In well-to-do Athenian homes, women managed the household but were rarely seen in public. Poor women did work outside the home or shop in the public marketplace.

T

The Leakeys discovered ancient stone tools in a gorge in which country?

Tanzania

They Leakeys discovered ancient stone tools in a gorge in which country?

Tanzania

capital city of the Aztec empire, on which modern-day Mexico City was built

Tenochtitlan

city that dominated the Valley of Mexico form about AD 200 to 750 AD and that influenced the culture of later mesoamerican peoples

Teotihuacan

Why might it be surprising that one of the world's first libraries was founded in the Assyrian city of Ninevah?

The Assyrians are best known as feared warriors, not for their learning.

A Mesopotamian poem that described the wanderings of a here and a great flood that destroys the world.

The Epic of Gilgamesh

Which statement is true of the plays enacted in Greek theater?

The first Greek plays evolved out of religious festivals

Which statement is true of the plays enacted in this theater?

The first Greek plays evolved out of religious festivals.

What is the most significant difference between cuneiform and the Phoenician alphabet?

The symbols in cuneiform represented syllables, while the letters of the Phoenician alphabet represented consonant sounds.

Why was the phalanx an effective military formation?

The use of shields protected soldiers and helped maintain formation

"In human memory, I believe that there is no account of a road as great as this, running through deep valleys, high mountains, banks of snow, torrents of water, living rocks, and wild rivers . . . In all places it was clean and swept free of refuse, with lodgings, storehouses, Sun temples, and posts along the route. Oh! Can anything similar be claimed for Alexander [the Great] or any of the [other] powerful kings who ruled the world . . .?" —Pedro Cieza de Léon, Spanish explorer admiring an ancient road system What was significant about the roads described here?

They allowed armies and news to move rapidly throughout the empire

"In human memory, I believe that there is no account of a road as great as this, running through deep valleys, high mountains, banks of snow, torrents of water, living rocks, and wild rivers . . . In all places it was clean and swept free of refuse, with lodgings, storehouses, Sun temples, and posts along the route. Oh! Can anything similar be claimed for Alexander [the Great] or any of the [other] powerful kings who ruled the world . . .?" —Pedro Cieza de Léon, Spanish explorer admiring an ancient road system

They allowed armies and news to move rapidly throughout the empire.

"Between A.D. 100 and A.D. 700, the Moche people—named after their most famous city—forged a civilization along the arid north coast of Peru." Which statement is true of the people described in this quotation?

They constructed the largest adobe structures in the ancient Americas.

Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of Moche farmers?

They developed methods for fertilizing the soil and used canals to irrigate the land.

Which statement is true of the Mycenaeans?

They fought in the Trojan War around 1250 B.C.

Which statement is true about the people described in this text? In the far northern stretches of Canada, the Inuit adapted to the harsh climate of the Arctic. By about 2000 B.C., they had settled there, using the resources of the frozen land to survive.

They paddled kayaks in open waters or used dog sleds to transport goods across the ice

Why did the writings of the poet Virgil and the historian Livy focus on the rise and fall of Roman power?

They wanted to arouse patriotism and restore traditional Roman virtues.

Which statement describes a reason for women in ancient Sparta to engage in this activity?

They were expected to produce healthy sons for the Spartan army

Which statement describes a reason for women in ancient Sparta to engage in exercise?

They were expected to produce healthy sons for the Spartan army.

(1504 B.C. - 1426 B.C.) _ shared power with his aunt Queen Hatshepsut before becoming pharaoh. He battled to regain Egyptian rule of Syria and Palestine and created Egypt's largest dynasty.

Thutmose III

a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about A.D. 200 to 1000

Tiahuanaco

(c. 163 B.C. - 133 B.C.) was a Roman plebeian who became a tribune and lobbied for government reform. He was killed in 133 B.C. by gangs hired by Roman senators.

Tiberius

The basis for Jewish teachings about the rule of law is found in the

Torah

the most sacred text of the Hebrew Bible, includes the first five books

Torah

"Every man make up his mind to fight? And move on his enemy! Strong as I am, It's hard for me to face so many men And fight with all at once. . . . And yet I will!" —Homer, Iliad This speech is taken from a work of classic Greek literature that describes the

Trojan War

What did Homer write about?

Trojan War

in Greek epic poems and myths, a ten-year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy in Asia Minor

Trojan War

In what way did natural resources affect the building of early cities by the Sumerians?

Without plentiful wood or stone, they built with bricks made of clay.

As the eleventh son of the Han emperor Jingdi, he would not have been destined to rule. However, the influence of his relatives changed this and he became emperor in 141 B.C. Determined to expand his dynasty's rule, he succeeded, though it came at a high cost to his soldiers and people. Liu Che made confucianism the state religion. He was given the title _ (Martial Emperor) upon his death

Wudi

These coins, with the distinctive holes punched through them, date from the ________ period

Zhou

As described in the Hebrew Bible, what was the basis for Israel's belief in Canaan as a "promised land"?

a covenant with God

Which phrase gives an example of the kind of art described by the text? The Minoan culture was named after King Minos of Crete, who ruled around the time of 1350-1250 B.C.E. . . . Unlike their contemporaries the Egyptians, there was no oppressive priesthood or rigid artistic styles, and Minoan art reflected a freedom and willingness to assimilate other artistic traditions from throughout the region. an illustration of women leading secluded lives pottery depicting athletes competing in a javelin contest a painting of soldiers in a phalanx formation a fresco showing leaping dolphins

a fresco showing leaping dolphins

the blending of two or more cultures

acculturation

highest and most fortified point within a greek city-state

acropolis

medical treatment, originated in ancient China, in which needles are inserted into the skin at specific points to relieve pain or treat various illnesses

acupuncture

a mixture of clay and plant fibers that becomes hard as it dries in the sun and that can be used for building

adobe

the important development of raising crops for food caused people to settle in permanent villages

agriculture

The moral Hindu principle of nonviolence

ahimsa

formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense

alliance

The Inca sheared wool from ________ to create colorful textiles to be worn as clothing or as adornments, such as belts and bags.

alpacas

writing system in which each symbol represents a single basic sound

alphabet

For which group was the exile described below a period of "captivity" and loss? In 586 B.C., Babylonian armies captured Judah. Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the great temple and forced many of those he defeated into exile in Babylon.

ancient Jews

the belief that spirits and forces live within animals, objects, or dreams

animism

researchers who study the remains of human skeletons contribute to our knowledge of prehistory

anthropologist

What kind of scientists discovered the first clues to prehistoric life?

anthropologists

The study of humans

anthropology

_ refers to the study of the origins and development of people and their societies

anthropology

leader or teacher of a new faith or movement

apostle

a scientist who unearths ancient settlements might study pottery made thousands of years ago

archaeologist

the study of past people and cultures through their material remains

archaeology

What did Aristarchus do?

argued that Earth rotated on its axis and orbited the sun

government headed by a privileged minority or upper class

aristocracy

rule by a privileged minority or upper class

aristocracy

objects made by humans

artifact

Scientists examine objects made by humans when they want to study the every day lives of ancient people

artifacts

skilled craftspeople

artisans

Stone pillars were erected across India under the rule of _______.

asoka

Absorb or adopt another culture

assimilate

A Hindu belief that every person has an essential self

atman

The hominid being described in this text belonged to the group of hominids called __________. In Ethiopia, Johanson found many pieces of a single hominid skeleton, which was dated to at least 3 million years ago. For the first time, archaeologists had enough of one skeleton to piece together and really look at an early hominid. Johanson named his historic find "Lucy" after a Beatles' song. Studying Lucy's skeleton, Johanson could see that she was an upright walker who was about 4 feet tall.

australopithecines

The first civilizations in the Americas arose _ from river valleys

away

moral standards of behavior

ethics

a single spiritual power that existed beyond many gods of the Vedas and resided in all things

brahman

The activity depicted here was typical of a Roman social policy that critics called ______.

bread and circuses

As Rome's first emperor, how did Augustus build a stable government?

by creating a civil service to enforce Rome's laws

The architectural structure shown here was adapted _______

by the Romans from the Etruscans

the art of producing beautiful handwriting

calligraphy

Which item is an example of an artifact? ancient footprint, fossil, skeleton, coin

coin

Which item is an example of an artifact? ancient footprint fossil coin skeleton

coin

territory settled and ruled by people from another land

colony

in ancient Greece, play that mocked people or social customs

comedy

The Pantheon owes its existence to Rome's pioneering use of _______.

concrete

(c. A.D. 280 - A.D. 337) was the first Roman Emperor to become a Christian. During his reign, he prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church

constantine

the capital of the eastern Roman Empire; capital of Byzantine and Ottoman empires, now called Istanbul

constantinople

an official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies

consul

Although all members of the early Roman senate were patricians, farmers, merchants, and artisans eventually gained the right to choose officials who ______.

could veto laws they felt were harmful to plebeians

a binding agreement; specifically, in the Jewish tradition, the binding agreement God made with Abraham

covenant

high-ranking Church official with authority over a local area, or diocese

bishop

Indian social groups that people are born into and can rarely be changed

caste

waterfall

cataract

population count

census

written symbols in writing systems such as that of the Chinese

characters

a native or resident of a town or city

citizen

political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages

city-state

branch of law that deals with private rights and matters

civil law

government officials

civil servants

one characteristic of a complex and organized society is its development of a writing system

civilization

a group of families with a common ancestor

clan

group of families with a common ancestor

clan

The Parthenon can best be used to illustrate

classical Greek principles of harmony and balance

The building shown here can best be used to illustrate

classical Greek principles of harmony and balance

the body of people who conduct Christian service

clergy

to arrange or set down in writing

codify

Based on the quotation, the gods divided the body of the first man, Purusha, in order to _______. "When they divided Purusha, in how many different portions did they arrange him? What became of his mouth, what of his two arms? What were his two thighs and his two feet called? His mouth became the Brahmin; his two arms were made into the Rajanya [Kshastriya] . . ." —Rig Veda

create the four social groups of ancient India

the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people group to another

cultural diffusion

refers to the way of life of a society, including its beliefs, values, and practices

culture

Sumerians invented the earliest known writing which was later called ____________.

cuneiform

Sumerians invented the earliest known writing, which was later called _____

cuneiform

Wedge shaped marks made into clay; an early form of writing

cuneiform

the way of the universe

dao

a mathematical system of numbers based o the number 10 that is still in use today

decimal system

system of numbers based on 10

decimal system

to figure out the meaning of

decipher

triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers

delta

government in which the people hold ruling power

democracy

The religious and moral duties fo an individual

dharma

the spreading of the Jews beyond their historic homeland

diaspora

ruler who has complete control over a government

dictator

system of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives

direct democracy

ideas that opposed those of the government

dissent

a form of payment from the family of the bride to the bridegroom

dowry

payment a brides's family makes to the bridegroom and his family; a payment a woman brings to marriage

dowry

ruling family

dynasty

For the first time, individuals began to specialize in certain jobs. Some became artisans or skilled craftspeople, and made pottery or finely carved wooden gods. among the crafts developed in cities, metal working was particularly important. People learned to make tools and weapons, first out of copper and later out of bronze, a mixture of copper and tin. This specialization descried in this text was a characteristic of

early civilizations

job specialization is a characteristic of

early civilizations

A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

empire

what kind of impact did the Leakeys have?

found evidence of ancient humans

What did the document quoted here proclaim in the Roman empire? "We, Constantine and Licinius the Emperors, having met in concord at Milan and having set in order everything which pertains to the common good and public security . . ."

freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire

colorful painting completed on wet plaster

fresco

Which phrase gives an example of the kind of art described by the text? The Minoan culture was named after King Minos of Crete, who ruled around the time of 1350-1250 B.C.E. . . . Unlike their contemporaries the Egyptians, there was no oppressive priesthood or rigid artistic styles, and Minoan art reflected a freedom and willingness to assimilate other artistic traditions from throughout the region.

fresco showing leaping dolphins

Athenian domination of the Greek world lasted

from the formation of the Delian League until the end of the Peloponnesian War

Ancient Italy was easier to unify than Greece mostly due to _______.

geographic advantages

Egyptians pharaohs believed that their right to rule came from the

gods

a period of great cultural achievement

golden age

period of great cultural achievement

golden age

religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church

heresy

a system of ranking groups

hierarchy

system of writing in which pictures called hieroglyphics represent objects, concepts, or sounds

hieroglyphics

Jesus was a threat to Roman authorities because _______.

his speeches could inflame those opposed to Roman rule

experts in the study of how people lived in the historical past

historian

writer of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey

homer

Which early hominid group was the first to use fire and the hand ax?

homo erectus

Jericho's status as the first city with a wall indicates that

it had government that could organize construction projects

huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens

latifundia

basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers

legion

lawmaking body

legislature

This screw, developed by Archimedes, was used to

lift water to high levels for irrigation.

fine windblown yellow soil

loess

rational thinking

logic

This Rosetta Stone was important to historians because it

made it possible to read other written documents.

corn

maize

Philip II of Macedonia ruled from 359-336 B.C.E. . . . Philip's army was greatly outnumbered by the Athenian and Theban forces, yet his phalanxes overwhelmed the Athenians and Thebans. Athens and Thebes were forced to become subjects of Philip and Macedonia, leaving Sparta as the only Greek state not under Macedonian control.. This event was significant because it

marked the beginning of an age in which Greek culture spread widely

a person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs

martyr

in Shang China, animal bone or turtle shell used by priests to predict the future

oracle bone

practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy

ostracism

In ancient Egypt, the main duty of the vizier was to

oversee the bureaucracy

As the Roman republic declined, slave labor provided the most direct economic advantage to_______.

owners of latifundia

plant used to make a paper-like writing material in ancient Egypt

papyrus

To communicate his ideas, Jesus often used short stories with moral lessons called _______.

parables

the chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece

parthenon

In this excerpt, Tiberius Gracchus is depicted as angry with the ______. "The wild beasts that roam over Italy . . . have every one of them a cave or lair to lurk in; but the men who fight and die for Italy enjoy the common air and light, indeed, but nothing else . . . they fight and die to support others in wealth and luxury, and though they are [thought of as] masters of the world, they have not a single clod of earth that is their own." --excerpt from Plutarch's The Life of Tiberius Gracchus

patricians

As the Roman republic expanded, conquered peoples were forced to ______.

pay taxes to Rome

in ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers

phalanx

someone who seeks to understand and explain life; a person who studies philosophy

philosopher

Since the mid-nineteenth century, the Republic has been Plato's most famous and widely read dialogue. As in most other Platonic dialogues the main character is Socrates. It is generally accepted that the Republic belongs to the dialogues of Plato's middle period." In the book described in the quotation, the book's author states that in an ideal state, ultimate authority should rest with

philosophers

system of ideas

philosophy

simple drawings that look like the objects they represent

pictographs

raised area of land

plateau

raised area of level land

plateau

a members of the class that included farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders

plebeian

Who could veto laws?

plebeians

city-state in ancient Greece

polis

The belief in many gods

polytheistic

The following text describes the goddess Isis. Which term best describes the religion she embodies? As mourner, she was a principal deity in rites connected with the dead; as magical healer, she cured the sick and brought the deceased to life; and as mother, she was a role model for all women.

polytheistic

What does this paragraph do? "If a man has destroyed the eye of a man of the "gentleman" class, they shall destroy his eye. If he has broken a gentleman's bone, they shall break his bone. If he has destroyed the eye of a commoner or broken a bone of a commoner, he shall pay one mina of silver. If he has destroyed the eye of a gentleman's slave, he shall pay half the slave's price. If a gentleman's slave strikes the cheek of a man of the "gentleman" class, they shall cut off [the slave's] ear. . . ." —The Code of Hammurabi

replace private vengeance with public law in Babylon

system of government in which officials are chosen by the people

republic

art of skillful speaking

rhetoric

The style of this sculpture is an example of ______.

roman realism

the exact dates of King _ birth and death are unknown, but according to Sumerian historians, he reigned from 2334 BC to 2279 BC he is known for creating the first empire in Mesopotamia

sargon

This quotation that attacks human folly is best described as an example of ______. "This is a fault common to all singers, that among their friends they never are inclined to sing when they are asked, but unasked, they never desist." —Horace

satire

A _ refers to a person specially trained to read, write, and keep records in ancient civilizations

scribe

specially trained people who can read, write, and record information

scribes

A subgroup of a major religious group

sect

The Neolithic Revolution was characterized by

settled farming

the Neolithic Revolution was characterized by

settled farming

altar, chapel, or other sacred place

shrine

city-state in ancient Greece settled by the Dorians and built as a military state

sparta

This tall stone Mayan sculptures of a kings, priests, and gods are known as a

stela

Less fertile land, or dry grassland

steppes

a fixed salary given to public office holders

stipend

narrow water passage

strait

By establishing a single Persian coinage, what was Darius able to create?

stronger trade and economic links among his far-flung subjects

large landmass that juts out from a continent

subcontinent

Ancient public buildings called, Ziggurats, would most likely have been built to honor

sumerian gods and goddesses

Ancient public buildings, such as ziggurats, would most likely have been built to honor _

sumerian gods and goddesses

Ancient public buildings, such as ziggurats, would most likely have been built to honor

sumerian gods, goddesses

The early Christian Church developed into a hierarchy, an organization ______.

that arranges officials according to rank

This quotation reflects a widespread Roman attitude toward Carthage following ______. "Carthage must be destroyed." —Cato, Roman Senator

the Second Punic War

Which reason correctly explains increased Tamil trade with China?

the decline of the Roman Empire

Which phrase correctly describes the Hellenistic philosophy of Stoicism expressed in this quotation? "If you are distressed by anything external, the pain is not due to the thing itself, but to your estimate of it; and this you have the power to revoke at any moment." —Marcus Aurelius, Meditations

the importance of duty and acceptance of one's fate

Which concept is a feature of both ancient Roman law and our own?

the right of the accused to face the accuser

The term diaspora is most directly linked to what aspect of Judaism?

the spread of judaism

The two groups of people Cicero refers to in the quotation are _______. "For, you see, the death of Tiberius Gracchus and indeed earlier the whole conduct of his tribunate divided one people into two parts." —Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman statesman and philosopher

the wealthy and the poor

Rome's tolerant attitude toward religion did not extend to Christians because _______.

they refused to honor the emperor or the Roman gods

Which statement is true about the residences shown in this picture?

they were constructed on cliffs along canyon walls

why do people who practice Jainism carry brooms

to avoid killing any living thing

"If a man has destroyed the eye of a man of the "gentleman" class, they shall destroy his eye. If he has broken a gentleman's bone, they shall break his bone. If he has destroyed the eye of a commoner or broken a bone of a commoner, he shall pay one mina of silver. If he has destroyed the eye of a gentleman's slave, he shall pay half the slave's price. If a gentleman's slave strikes the cheek of a man of the "gentleman" class, they shall cut off [the slave's] ear. . . ." —The Code of Hammurabi what does this paragraph want to achieve in Babylon?

to replace private vengeance with public law

What were the first clues to prehistoric life?

tools, fossils

Relies on custom and tradition and doesn't change over time

traditional economy

in ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster

tragedy

a special regard for cattle

veneration

block a government action

veto

With these words, Julius Caesar boasted of _______. "Veni, vidi, vici"

victorious suppression of revolts around the Mediterranean

chief minister who supervised the business of government in ancient Egypt

vizier

The network of trade routes later called the Silk Road was opened up by the emperor _______

wudi

who advocated the philosophy of stoicism

zeno

These chinese coins, with the distinctive holes punched through them, date from the ________ period

zhou

Pyramid temples that soared towards the heavens and housed a shrine to a particular god.

ziggurat


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