World Literature test 2

Themes of Virgils Aeneid were:

- the rights and wrongs of empire and colonialism - are civilizations ever founded without enormous personal and military cost?

what does Achilles do when Priam offers a treasure chest to him in exchange for Hectors body?

Achilles hugs him and they weep for all they've lost in the war

Helios

Medeas grandfather who gives her the flying chariot

what gifts does Medea give the princess

a delicate robe (dress) and a crown

Palace

another name for Athena- the virgin goddess

Jasons weakness

arrogance

how does Medea appear to Jason after the death of their sons

in a winged chariot above the house with the boys bodies

Aeneas

leading citizen of Troy;

who says "that is the strongest safeguard there is: when a wife always sides with her husband"

medeas nurse

purpose of Aeneid

story that helps to shape and create roman identity; Aeneas is not from Rome but comes to shape Rome

Laocoon

"I fear the greeks especially bearing gifts" hurled a spear into the Trojan horse's side; because of this, him and his 2 sons were killed by two serpents

how does Medea claim male values of honor for herself and for all women

"I would rather face battle 3 times than go through childbirth once"

Sophia

"wisdom" "cleverness"

reasons for wearing masks at the theater

- actors could play multiple characters - accustics- strength of actors voices - created megaphones

Plays performed at the Athenian Festival

- taught moral education for decision making (religion) - teaches what happens to people outside of Athens who break rules - learn from others mistakes

what happens at the end of book 1 of the Aenied

-the trojan refugees have been sailing the seas for 7 years harassed by Juno (Hera) ; similar to Odysseus sailing the seas being harassed by Poseidon - Aeneas and his refugees are the guests of Dido at Carthage; having a feast (party) -Dido asks Aeneas to tell the story of the trojan war and the fall of troy (like Alkinoos having Odysseus tell his story)

ways audience gets information at the theater

1. action (almost none, wore masks) 2. dialogue

how is Medea marked as an outsider

1. as a woman in a male-dominated world 2. as a foreigner or "barbarian" in a Greek city 3. as a smart person surrounded by fools

what does Jason say Medea got out of him being saved

1. living in Greece 2. justice and the rule of law 3. being well known for her cleverness

what are the most important themes in Medea

1. the opposition of order and chaos 2. the idea of time, especially the reversal of time 3. to undo time through violence 4. an attempt at justice, a restoration of order out of chaos 5. the apparently weaker members of a community (women and foreigners) may be smarter than their masters, and may, if pushed far enough, rise up to destroy their oppressors

Virgil

70-19 BCE, greatest writer of the Roman Empire

who says "sorrow, unspeakable sorrow, my queen, you ask me to bring to life once more, how the Greeks uprooted Troy in all her power" "iron hearted Ulysses"

Aeneas is speaking to Dido

Jason credits which god(dess) for saving his life

Aphrodite

Manerva

Athena

who says, "a hot-tempered woman is easier to guard against than a silent, clever one"

Creon to Medea

who finds the brides body

Creon; gets tangled up in the poisoned robes

who are the enemies of Troy

Hera and Athena- spurned over the golden apple -helped the greeks beat Troy

Orpheus

Jason compares himself to him- an enchantress singer and devoted husband

lolcus

Jason's hometown

Pelias

Jason's uncle; stole Jason's throne; sent Jason on quest for Golden Fleece guarded by a dragon; killed by Medea

what God is against Aeneis and why

Juno; judgement of Paris - Paris (prince of Troy) gave the golden apple to Aphrodite, Juno (Hera) never forgave -Aeneis is Trojan; revenge and grudges not limited to one person

Priam

King of Troy, father of Hector and Paris - asks Sinon for the lies about the horse

third agon

Medea is calm; Jason is raving and shouting

first agon

Medea is emotional, angry, raving, insulting; Jason is calm

who does Aeneas say helped the greeks build the trojan horse?

Minerva (Athena)

how did Pelias die

On the promise of Medea, Pelias' daughters cut their father into pieces and boiled him alive to attempt to give him youth and immortality

how does Priam (the king) die

Pyrrhus stabs him with a sword after killing his son Polites at the altar

who from the odyssey does Jason compare Medea to

Skylla

Who does Medea call upon for help/guidance

Themis- goddess of order and lawfulness Artemis- protector of virgins and women in childbirth

what does Minerva say will happen if the horse is violated

Troy would be destroyed, their grandsons would be doomed

what is the difference between the Odyssey and the Aeneid

Virgil isn't part of the oral tradition; first person story teller starting the Aeneid

who does Medea keep calling on to notice her suffering

Zeus

At the end of Medea, the chorus explains what to the audience

Zeus (the gods) are always watching over; what we expect does not come about -Jason thinking everything would be fine if he breaks his vows and finds another wife - Medea expecting to do people wrong and murdering her own family and expecting to live a happy life - Chorus promising not to say anything but not knowing how vicious Medeas plans actually are -Creon letting Medea stay not expecting her to have vengeance on her in one day; marrying his daughter to Jason with no consequences

what type of animal is Medea compared to

a bull or lioness

the greeks

all about polis's; not united, members of a polis- killed men and enslaved women and children, didn't give people a choice

what does Medea say is the boundless source of evil

anger

Euripides

author of Medea (owes his epic to Homer)

Ancient Athenian Drama

before the invention of tragedy rhapsodes recited parts of the Illiad & the Odyssey

Epadarus

best preserved theater in the ancient world

how was Rome founded

by the people who fled Troy, the trojans wandered the sea after the war and founded the city of Rome -Romans can trace their history back to the Trojan war and are intimately connected to the greek gods from the beginning of epic poetry

How Jason says Medea betrayed him

cursing the royal family

Capys

distrustful, "fling it into the sea or torch the thing to ash or bore into the depths of its womb where men can hide"

Pietas

duty, loyalty; chief roman virtue; how you act in all relationships

Sophist

ex. Jason; skilled speaker

Stichomythia

fast speech, dialogue with 2 characters speaking alternate verses

what happens when the Greeks steal the shrine of Pallas

fire shot from its eyes, it started to sweat, and the goddess appears with a sword and shield and warns them to make an atonement

Argo

first ship constructed by Jason for the quest of the golden fleece

why does Jason say Medea is being exiled

for her pointless rants

Exposition through dialogue

giving background information through speech or dialogue

what does Zeus say doubles the suffering of mankind

greed and folly (foolishness) ; Creon lets Medea stay another day even though he says he knows its not a good idea

Agon

greek term for struggle or contest; FORMAL DEBATE

who/ what does medea say she gave up for jason

her friends and her home

when speaking to Creon, what does Medea say gets her in trouble

her reputation

what means most to Creon

his children, his home a close second

how does Medea tell Jason he will die a fitting death for a coward

hit in the head by a piece of argo

Tenedos

island off the coast of Troy where the greeks wait

Aegeus

king of Athens, provides Medea with a place of refuge, desires children

King Aeetes

king of Colchis; Medeas father; son of Helios; killed all foreigners who came to the kingdom; told Jason he could have the fleece is he could harness his fire breathing bulls, plow up a field, and sow it with dragon's teeth- if not, he would cut out tongues and lop off hands

Panathanea

largest city festival of Athenian Culture where people would recite/ perform stories

the romans

members of the cosmo polis, cosmopolitan; privileged the empire- same equal rights as anyone born in Rome itself -gave people a choice to fight or join the Roman empire (soon became huge) took what was good from other cultures and incorporated it into their own

Homer

mythical idea of a storyteller in ancient greece to whom the homeric ideas are attributed

what advice does Apollo tell Aegeus

not to untie the foot of the wineskin- not to sleep with any woman until he returned home because the next woman he sleeps with will bear him a son

Chorus

place where the action occurs, allows for the revelation of inner thoughts

what does Apollos oracle say they have to do in order to sail home

sacrifice a greek life (Agamemnon, a greek soldier, sacrificed his virgin daughter to allow the winds to blow them to Troy)

Thymoetes

says to drag the Trojan horse inside the walls

Medea plans to kill Creon, his daughter, and Jason by

setting their house on fire, stabbing them in the liver, or poison them with drugs

Why doesn't Medea refute with Jason

she says Zeus already knows how he was treated by her and what he did; reminds Jason of breaking his promise to the Gods to be faithful to Medea

Pyrrus (Neoptolimous)

son of achilles, name means fire because he burns the city of Troy - compared to a snake in the spring who just shed his skin; like achilles born again

who does Medea speak to and what does she say after Creon agrees to let her stay one more day

speaking to the chorus- "he is such a credulous fool. would i have fawned on him like that without something to gain or a secret plan?"

how did Medea kill her sons

stabbing them with a sword

Virgil gets his inspiration for the Aeneid from

the Illiad and the Odyssey (greek)

where did the Romans get their religion

the greeks; changed names

what does Hector say is the reason they could not retreat from Troy

the heavy seas and winds kept them ashore

who describes the death of Jason's new bride to Medea

the messenger

Why does Medea say the death of her sons is worth it

the pain is worth it if it kills his laughter

to whom is Medea speaking to when she says "of all living, breathing, thinking creatures, women are the most absolutely wreched" and "I would rather face battle 3 times than go through childbirth once"

the women of Corinth

why do the trojans have to "breach their own ramparts?"

they have to knock a hole in the wall in order to let the horse in because it is too wide to get through the gate

why/how does Virgil re-write history

to justify the 100 years war by connecting it to earliest founders of Rome itself

difference in literature starting with medea

went from oral tradition- to written tradition (has an author)