World War 1

Wilson's Fourteen Points

- List of terms resolving future war - For Eastern Europe, he favored self determination: right of people to choose their on form of government - Creation of League of Nations: based on the idea of collective security, where a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.

The "Big Three" countries and their representatives

-United States Woodrow Wilson -France Georges Clemenceau -Great Britain David Lloyd George

when was the war fought

1914-1918

Signing of the Armistice

After the Germans' frustration was shown through uprisings, Kaiser William II fled to exile in the Netherlands. The new German government sought an end to fighting with the Allies. On November 11, 1918, at 11:00 a.m., the fighting ended.

American declaration of war

After the sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman telegram, the United States had an intense antiGerman feeling. In April 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. He called it a "war to end war." After a few months of training troops and getting together, by 1918, they had sent two million soldiers to help the allied troops on the Western front.

which alliance had more members

Allies

End of AustroHungarian and Ottoman Empires

Austria Hungary's government collapsed, as did the Ottoman Empire. They lost land

Germanys only major ally after Kaiser upset the balance of power thaf had been carefully crafted by bismarck

Austria hungary

First Russian Revolution

Bread riots in ST. PETERSBURG turn into revolution bring down Russian monarch Czar Nicholas II replaced by Alexander Kerensky

allies

Britain France Russia Italy

How were Wilhelm and Nicholas 2 related

First cousins

Which country did Russia form and Alliance with against germany

France

Kaiser wilhelm

German ruler

where did battle of Tannenberg take place

Germany

Central

Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire

Battle of Caporetto

HUGE DEFEAT FOR ITALIANS Austrians and Germans vs. Italy fought on Southernmost front

What did gavrilo princip do

He assassinated Franz ferdinand

How did Nicholas 2 feel about becoming czar

He never wanted to be czar He'd feared the job for his whole life

What'd Wilhelm do to Bismarck when he became Kaiser

He sent him into retiremnt

what happened to French laborer and anti war activist Jean Jaures

He was assassinated

What disease plagues inter related royal families of europe

Hemophilia

Second Russian Revolution

In November 1917, Vladimir Lenin came to power and made Russia the world's first communist country.

Zimmerman telegram

In early 1917, the British intercepted a telegram going to Mexico from Germany (German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman). The telegram said that in exchange for Mexican support, Mexico would reconquer lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. This event along with the Lusitania accident led to the US joining the allies in the war by 1918.

Which European leader symbolized the instability of ww1

Kaiser wilhelm

Russian surrender on the Eastern Front

Lenin promised to pull Russian troops out of the war. In early 1918, he signed the Treaty of BrestLitovsk with Germany, ending Russian participation in WWI. This gave land to Germany in the east, land in the north to the Ottoman Empire, and land in the east to AustriaHungary. Because of this, Germany could use all its resources to fight on the eastern front. It made it easier for them, and the allies were unhappy.

Archduke Franz ferdinand

Nephew of Franz joseph Next in line to rule Heir to the throne of Austria hungary Goes on trip from Vienna to Sarajevo

Lusitania incident

President Woodrow Wilson assured Americans that it was safe to travel overseas. The Germans said that they would sink any ship that had the ally flag on it, and the Uboats sank a British supply ship, but it had Americans on it. This was the ship called Lusitania. When threatened by Woodrow Wilson to cut off ties with them, the Germans said they would give warning before sinking ships so that neutral ships could get away. However, they ended up resuming unrestricted submarine warfare.

Emperor Franz joesph

Ruler or Austria hungary Part of the hebsburg family (large family of royals) Ruler for nearly 70 years Died during ww1

Battle of Tannenberg

Russia vs. Germany Eastern Europe RUSSIAN DEFEAT afterwards, all battles were fought on Russian soil

what happened during Battle of Tannenberg

Russia was defeated and afterwards, all fighting now happened on Russian soil

Treatment of Russians at the Conference

Russia was uninvited because the allies were upset that they left the war.

Czar Nicolas

Russian ruler

Gavrilo princip

Serbian nationalist/terrorist Member or the black hand He was arrested.. When officials talked to him about killing Franz ferdinand they found out his reasons and this fuels the tensions between serbians and Hungarians

Battle of Somme

Somme River in a single day, 60,000 dead lasted over 5 months, over 1,000,000 dead total France/GB vs. Germany no winner... stalemate

Sarajevo

Southern tip of Austria hungary Some serbian tension there

The Paris Peace Conference

The United States, France, and Great Britain discuss the end of war. It was only allies but excluded Russia because they were unhappy with the way they left the war.

How did Germany respond to Austria hungary when emperor Franz Joseph wanted to punish Serbia for the assassination of the Archduke

They wanted to eliminate the Serbians

Treaty of Versailles and the punishments for Germany

This treaty forced the Germans to assume full blame for causing the war. It also imposed huge reparations that would put an already damaged German economy under a staggering burden. These reparations covered not only the destruction caused by the war, but also pensions for millions of allied soldiers or their widows and families. The total cost came over to $30 billion. The treaty also severely limited the size of the German military and returned Alsace and Lorraine to France. It removed hundreds of square miles of territory from western and eastern Germany, and stripped Germany of its overseas colonies.`

WW1 technology

U boats (Germany's answer to the British navy) zeppelin poison gas machine guns fighter planes armored tanks convoy (lots of ships that traveled together to counterattack U boats) artillery

Three Main battle fronts

Western Front: France (GB vs. Germany) *stalemate Eastern Front: starts in Germany but then all in Russia (Germany/AH vs. Russia) Southern Front: both in AH and Italy (Italy vs. AH)

Wilhelms handicap

Withered left arm Compensated by creating a powerful army

Battle of Gallipoli

at strait of Darnadelles (good for trade cuz connected both Med and Black sea) Turks vs. Allies resulted in over 200,000 casualties allies withdrew

problem with Italy

first it was Central power, then switched to allies

Battle of Verdun

for 11 months...longest battle in ww1 500,000 died on both sides... so 1,000,000 total Western Front France vs. Germany stalemate

Impact of American troops on the Western Front

much needed morale boost which was just as important as financial aid to the debtridden allies.

neutral nations

spain switzerland netherlands denmark sweden norway albania luxembourg

What were Willy and Nicky trying to do when they were sending telegrams back and forth to one another

they tried to come to a compromise together

triple entente

turned into allies France Britain Russia

Triple Alliances

turned into central Italy Germany Austria Hungary

Where did Central powers make their furthest advance west and east

west: France east: Russia