World War 1
Wilson's Fourteen Points
- List of terms resolving future war - For Eastern Europe, he favored self determination: right of people to choose their on form of government - Creation of League of Nations: based on the idea of collective security, where a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.
The "Big Three" countries and their representatives
-United States Woodrow Wilson -France Georges Clemenceau -Great Britain David Lloyd George
when was the war fought
1914-1918
Signing of the Armistice
After the Germans' frustration was shown through uprisings, Kaiser William II fled to exile in the Netherlands. The new German government sought an end to fighting with the Allies. On November 11, 1918, at 11:00 a.m., the fighting ended.
American declaration of war
After the sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman telegram, the United States had an intense antiGerman feeling. In April 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. He called it a "war to end war." After a few months of training troops and getting together, by 1918, they had sent two million soldiers to help the allied troops on the Western front.
which alliance had more members
Allies
End of AustroHungarian and Ottoman Empires
Austria Hungary's government collapsed, as did the Ottoman Empire. They lost land
Germanys only major ally after Kaiser upset the balance of power thaf had been carefully crafted by bismarck
Austria hungary
First Russian Revolution
Bread riots in ST. PETERSBURG turn into revolution bring down Russian monarch Czar Nicholas II replaced by Alexander Kerensky
allies
Britain France Russia Italy
How were Wilhelm and Nicholas 2 related
First cousins
Which country did Russia form and Alliance with against germany
France
Kaiser wilhelm
German ruler
where did battle of Tannenberg take place
Germany
Central
Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire
Battle of Caporetto
HUGE DEFEAT FOR ITALIANS Austrians and Germans vs. Italy fought on Southernmost front
What did gavrilo princip do
He assassinated Franz ferdinand
How did Nicholas 2 feel about becoming czar
He never wanted to be czar He'd feared the job for his whole life
What'd Wilhelm do to Bismarck when he became Kaiser
He sent him into retiremnt
what happened to French laborer and anti war activist Jean Jaures
He was assassinated
What disease plagues inter related royal families of europe
Hemophilia
Second Russian Revolution
In November 1917, Vladimir Lenin came to power and made Russia the world's first communist country.
Zimmerman telegram
In early 1917, the British intercepted a telegram going to Mexico from Germany (German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman). The telegram said that in exchange for Mexican support, Mexico would reconquer lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. This event along with the Lusitania accident led to the US joining the allies in the war by 1918.
Which European leader symbolized the instability of ww1
Kaiser wilhelm
Russian surrender on the Eastern Front
Lenin promised to pull Russian troops out of the war. In early 1918, he signed the Treaty of BrestLitovsk with Germany, ending Russian participation in WWI. This gave land to Germany in the east, land in the north to the Ottoman Empire, and land in the east to AustriaHungary. Because of this, Germany could use all its resources to fight on the eastern front. It made it easier for them, and the allies were unhappy.
Archduke Franz ferdinand
Nephew of Franz joseph Next in line to rule Heir to the throne of Austria hungary Goes on trip from Vienna to Sarajevo
Lusitania incident
President Woodrow Wilson assured Americans that it was safe to travel overseas. The Germans said that they would sink any ship that had the ally flag on it, and the Uboats sank a British supply ship, but it had Americans on it. This was the ship called Lusitania. When threatened by Woodrow Wilson to cut off ties with them, the Germans said they would give warning before sinking ships so that neutral ships could get away. However, they ended up resuming unrestricted submarine warfare.
Emperor Franz joesph
Ruler or Austria hungary Part of the hebsburg family (large family of royals) Ruler for nearly 70 years Died during ww1
Battle of Tannenberg
Russia vs. Germany Eastern Europe RUSSIAN DEFEAT afterwards, all battles were fought on Russian soil
what happened during Battle of Tannenberg
Russia was defeated and afterwards, all fighting now happened on Russian soil
Treatment of Russians at the Conference
Russia was uninvited because the allies were upset that they left the war.
Czar Nicolas
Russian ruler
Gavrilo princip
Serbian nationalist/terrorist Member or the black hand He was arrested.. When officials talked to him about killing Franz ferdinand they found out his reasons and this fuels the tensions between serbians and Hungarians
Battle of Somme
Somme River in a single day, 60,000 dead lasted over 5 months, over 1,000,000 dead total France/GB vs. Germany no winner... stalemate
Sarajevo
Southern tip of Austria hungary Some serbian tension there
The Paris Peace Conference
The United States, France, and Great Britain discuss the end of war. It was only allies but excluded Russia because they were unhappy with the way they left the war.
How did Germany respond to Austria hungary when emperor Franz Joseph wanted to punish Serbia for the assassination of the Archduke
They wanted to eliminate the Serbians
Treaty of Versailles and the punishments for Germany
This treaty forced the Germans to assume full blame for causing the war. It also imposed huge reparations that would put an already damaged German economy under a staggering burden. These reparations covered not only the destruction caused by the war, but also pensions for millions of allied soldiers or their widows and families. The total cost came over to $30 billion. The treaty also severely limited the size of the German military and returned Alsace and Lorraine to France. It removed hundreds of square miles of territory from western and eastern Germany, and stripped Germany of its overseas colonies.`
WW1 technology
U boats (Germany's answer to the British navy) zeppelin poison gas machine guns fighter planes armored tanks convoy (lots of ships that traveled together to counterattack U boats) artillery
Three Main battle fronts
Western Front: France (GB vs. Germany) *stalemate Eastern Front: starts in Germany but then all in Russia (Germany/AH vs. Russia) Southern Front: both in AH and Italy (Italy vs. AH)
Wilhelms handicap
Withered left arm Compensated by creating a powerful army
Battle of Gallipoli
at strait of Darnadelles (good for trade cuz connected both Med and Black sea) Turks vs. Allies resulted in over 200,000 casualties allies withdrew
problem with Italy
first it was Central power, then switched to allies
Battle of Verdun
for 11 months...longest battle in ww1 500,000 died on both sides... so 1,000,000 total Western Front France vs. Germany stalemate
Impact of American troops on the Western Front
much needed morale boost which was just as important as financial aid to the debtridden allies.
neutral nations
spain switzerland netherlands denmark sweden norway albania luxembourg
What were Willy and Nicky trying to do when they were sending telegrams back and forth to one another
they tried to come to a compromise together
triple entente
turned into allies France Britain Russia
Triple Alliances
turned into central Italy Germany Austria Hungary
Where did Central powers make their furthest advance west and east
west: France east: Russia