Worldview Final
What are the two things that the goodness of God means for mankind?
"God's goodness means that there is an absolute and personal standard of righteousness(found in his character) and there is hope for humanity(because God is love and he will not abandon his creation)"
If violence is totally natural why would it be wrong for strong humans to trample weak ones?
"If human rights are created by majorities, of what use are they? Their value lies in that they can be used to insist that majorities honor the dignity of minorities and individuals despite the conception of their 'greater good.' Rights cannot be created—they must be discovered, or they are of no value"
What does Sire mean when he says that the cosmos is an open system?
"It is not programmed. God is constantly involved in the unfolding pattern of the ongoing operation of the universe"
Where is the authority for knowledge about the divine located according to deism?
"Without relying on any revelation from the outside—no Scripture, no messages from God via living prophets or dreams and visions—human beings have the ability to know themselves, the universe, and even God"
Which words best complete the following sentence? In theism, God is the ______1_____ and sustainer of the cosmos. In deism, God is reduced to the ____2________ of the cosmos. In naturalism, God is a _____3_______ of the human mind.
1. infinite-personal Creator 2. impersonal Creator 3. nonexistent creation
What is religion?
A set of beliefs that explain life, who we are, what we are, and how we should live our life.
What is a worldview, according to Keller?
A set of faith-assumptions about the nature of things.
Cultural relativism is the view that
All moral beliefs are culturally created There is no objective way to judge one culture's moraity as better than anothers
The God of deism, according to Sire, is which of the following?
Architect
What is the secularization thesis?
As we become more scientifically sophisticated and more able to understand and control our own environment, our need for religion will diminish.
Without a god, how does mature naturalism assess man's nature? Select all that are correct.
Aspirations, Ingenuity, Limitations, Action & Achievement
Which of the worldviews discussed thus far are the following terms "parasitic" too?
Atheistic existentialism : Naturalism Theistic existentialism : Theism
Briefly describe and compare atheism, agnosticism, and apathesim, highlighting their differences.
Athiesim says no God exists, Agnisticism says theres no way we can know, and Apantheism says that it doesnt matter anyways
According to Keller, why does an exclusive belief system like Christianity lead to behavior that is so open to and tolerant of others?
Because Christians have within their belief system the strongest possible resource for practicing sacrificial service, generosity, and peacemaking—namely, a man who died for his enemies and prayed for their forgiveness.
Some secular people believe that love is a ___________________.
Biochemical
Select which belief structure is the most adaptive to different cultures.
Christianity
Moral feelings are also called a
Conscience
In what way is the image of God defaced in humanity according to Sire?
Creatively
When judging one set of beliefs over another, Keller applies which of the following?
Critical Rationality
According to Keller, which Christian doctrines bring profound consolation in the face of suffering or instills us with a powerful hope.
Cross, Resurrection, Incarnation
Select all the worldviews that end up in some way to be a form of nihilism.
Deism Naturalism Existentialism
Select all the worldviews that were found to be logically inconsistent.
Deism Pantheistic Monism
Match the worldview with its view of prime reality.
Deism : Prime reality is a transcendent God who is self-existent and has always existed.--Prime reality is a transcendent God who is self-existent and has always existed. Postmodernism : Prime reality is the universe that is self-existent and has always existed.
Why has Christianity been able to infiltrate so many radically different cultures?
Different cultures can express their Christianity in different ways. There is not just one way to do things
Which of the following does Sire say every fiber of people's waking being is calling for?
Dignity
Which of the following did the ancients think helped one pursue wisdom?
Discretion
What, according to Keller, is the point of the illustration of the blind men and the elephant pictured below?
Each religion sees part of spiritual truth, but none can see the whole truth.
Which discipline is about what ought to be, regardless of whether it is? 5/5 Points
Ethics
What are the conviction(s) that support the morality of human rights? Select all that are correct.
Every human has inherent dignity. It is wrong to violate the dignity of another human.
What is the relationship between existentialism and nihilism?
Existentialism, especially in its secular form, not only takes nihilism seriously, it is an answer to it
What are the words Sire uses to describe different periods of human history? (Select all that apply)
Fall, Glorification, Redemption, Creation
According to Deism, human reason is "Fallin" and prone to moral distortion.
False
According to Keller, Christians were the last ones to conclude that slavery was wrong.
False
According to Keller, each clue of God, standing alone, is proof that God exists.
False
According to Sire, there is no way in which a person can reflect the transcendence of God over his universe.
False
Based on the theory of evolution, the unbeliever has every reason to be mad at injustice.
False
Christians believe that people are truly free only when they are free to create their own meaning and purpose.
False
Deism affirms that God can be known through revelatory acts like the incarnation of Christ.
False
For nihilism, people are unconscious machines without the ability to affect their own destiny.
False
If you can't see or imagine a good reason why God might allow evil acts to occur, then that means there must not be one.
False
In Hinduism, there is truth that one must be apprehended with doctrinal clarity to achieve one's union with the one.
False
Innate desires are simply biological urges, corresponding to nothing.
False
It is possible to approach the evaluation of Christianity with complete objectivity, "a view from nowhere."
False
It is possible to leave behind your religious views when you make moral decisions.
False
Jesus approached his death on the cross in the same way that other martyrs did, speaking confidently of God.
False
Jesus critiques the self-righteous for their profound concern for the poor, and their abandonment of the gospel.
False
Moral means an understanding of right and wrong that we establish for ourselves.
False
One of the principles of love is that you should never have to change who you are in order to love and be loved by somebody else.
False
Reason gives us enough to know God.
False
Sin has moral dimension only; it does not have an intellectual dimension.
False
Societies that are open and seemingly tolerant lead to peaceful practices and equality between rich and poor.
False
The Civil Rights movement believed in the goodness of human nature and thought that education and enlightenment would bring about inevitable social and racial progress.
False
The good action, according to existentialism, is the unconsciously chosen action since it flows naturally from the heart.
False
The only thing that theism teaches is that there is a moral universe.
False
The regularity of nature can be proven.
False
The secular authors quoted (Dershowitz, Leff, Perry, etc.) provide a strong explanation of how human rights can exist in a world without God.
False
The way nature really works provides the basis for the concept of human dignity.
False
Theology was known as the king of the sciences because it was the science of God.
False
There is an infinite number of worldviews.
False
There is no orderliness or regularity to the universe.
False
What is true freedom, according to Keller?
Finding the right limitations and constraints that fit our nature
Which of the following is a common image of hell in the Bible?
Fire
There are five schools of Islamic law among Sunni Muslims.
Flase
According to Sire, how does God reveal himself to mankind? (Select all that apply)
General Revelation, Special Revelation
What are the three possibilities for the source of human rights according to Alan Dershowitz? Select all that are correct.
God Natural Law Created By Humans
Where, according to Sire, does humanity derive its value from?
God's Love
How might the existence of evil and suffering actually serve as evidence for the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent God?
God's character is the moral foundation for identifying something as evil.
Who is Miroslav Volf and what experience led him to his conclusion about violence in society?
His having "seen the violence in the Balkans" led him to his conclusion about violence in society
Why have some naturalists come to accept theism? Select all that are correct.
Historical evidence for the resurrection of Christ Historical evidence of miracles
What does C. S. Lewis say hell is the greatest monument to?
Human Freedom
Which statement best explains the New Age understanding of knowledge?
I believe, therefore it is.
If there is no God, one can only say this about an action.
I like this
Explain why human rights being created by majorities is problematic.
If human rights are created by majorities, of what use are they? Their value lies in that they can be used to insist that majorities honor the dignity of minorities and individuals despite the conception of their greater good.
Explain your answer to "Human rights are of no value if they are created."
If human rights are created by majorities, of what use are they? Their value lies in that they can be used to insist that majorities honor the dignity of minorities and individuals despite the conception of their greater good.
Explain your answer to the "If there is no God, one can only say this about an action" question.
If there is no God, argues Nietzsche, Sartre, and others, there can be no good reason to be kind, to be loving, or to work for peace
How does the gospel address the existence of evil and suffering?
In Jesus Christ, God experienced the greatest depths of pain, entering human suffering in order to defeat it on the cross.
According to Sire, what is existentialism's major interest?
In our humanity and how we can be significant in an otherwise insignificant world
What is lost when one achieves oneness with the One?
Individuality
In what way did modernity seek to reverse the ancient's understanding of reality and wisdom?
Instead of trying to shape our desires to fit reality, we now seek to control and shape reality to fit our desires
What are the conviction(s) that support the morality of human rights? Select all that are correct.
It is wrong to violate the dignity of another human. Every human has inherent dignity.
Which of the following thinkers was a famous exponent of existentialism?
Jean-Paul Sartre
Explain the "no-see-ums" illustration that Keller uses.
Just because you can't see any good reasons for evil and it's existence does not mean those reasons don't exist.
What two attributes do modern people have trouble putting together when they think of the God of the Bible?
Justice, Love
How does Keller respond to the idea that it is arrogant to insist on the validity of your religion, and convert others to it?
Keller says, "Their view is also an 'exclusive' claim about the nature of spiritual reality. If all such views are to be discouraged, this one should be as well. If it is not narrow to hold this view, then there is nothing inherently narrow about holding to traditional religious beliefs" and persuading others to believe them.
Which of the following does Miroslav Volf argue is the thing that "secretly nourishes violence"?
Lack of belief in a God of vengeance
According to Sire, how does God express his goodness? (Select all that apply)
Love, Holiness
Which of the following is exempted from the judgment of Allah?
Martyrs
Which of the following forms of Deism best describes the belief system of American teenagers?
Moralistic therapeutic Deism
What are the essential attributes of a person, according to deism? (Select all that apply)
Morality, Community, Creativity
What are the distinct attitudes of New Age view of reality? Select all that are correct.
Occult Psychedelic Conceptual Relativist
What is one implication, based on the reading, of the personality of God? Define and explain.
One implication of the personality of God is that he is like us...There is Someone ultimate who is there to ground our highest aspirations, our most precious possession—personality
What is monism?
Only one impersonal element constitutes reality.
According to Keller, how does the moral "pragmatist" attempt to deal with the question of morality in the public square?
Pragmatists say that we should leave our deeper worldviews behind and find consensus about what works
Naturalists believe that ______________is the sole criterion for truth.
Reason
What is the argument for keeping religion completely private?
Religious faith must never be brought into discussions of public policy because arguments based on faith do not allow a nonbeliever to reasonably engage.
What is a nominal Christian?
Someone who does not practice what they profess.
What is a Christian fanatic?
Someone who over practices what they profess.
What are jinn according to Islam?
Spirit beings who are primarily malevolent creatures.
When prominent disbelievers in Christianity insist that sufficient reasons do not exist for the existence of God, they are evaluating Christian arguments by applying
Strong Rationalism
How does reality appear to humans according to existentialism? (Select all that apply)
Subjectively, Objectively
According to Keller, what is the hidden assumption of those who believe that if there are both evil and suffering in the world, then a benevolent and omnipotent God cannot exist?
That since good reasons for the existence of both evil and God are not obvious reasons to me, then there must not be any good reasons.
Who anticipated Marx's analysis of religion as an instrument of oppression?
The Old Testament prophets
How do people in modern secular culture tend to define freedom?
The ability to determine moral standards with no confinement or constraint
Which of these is a part of the New Age view of history?
The arrival of a new man, a new woman, and a new idyllic age
What does Sire give as an example of a turning point in human history according to the Bible?
The incarnation
The "spirit of modernity" gave us which of the following?
The responsibility to determine right from wrong
What does pantheistic monism believe about Brahman?
The soul of the whole cosmos.
What does Keller say is the problem with the blind men and the elephant illustration with reference to religion? 5/5 Points
The story is told from the point of view of someone who is able to see the whole elephant, and us is it claim to have superior, comprehensive knowledge of spiritual reality that no religions are able to have.
How does existentialism define the "subjective world"?
The world of mind, of consciousness, of awareness of the mind, of consciousness, of awareness. of freedom, of stability
Which of the following approaches have civic and cultural leaders used to address the divisiveness of religion?
They have tried to outlaw religion
Why does one do good deeds in Hinduism?
To attain unity with the One.
How does Keller succinctly define hell?
To lose his presence totally, or the loss of our capability for giving or receiving love or joy
A naturalist believes that the cosmos is eternal.
True
According to Hinduism, God and his creation are one and the same.
True
According to Islam, human reason is sufficient to discern truth from falsehood.
True
According to Keller, there have been far more excruciating and horrible deaths suffered by calm and confident martyrs than that of Jesus.
True
According to deism, human reason is autonomous. That is, without relying on any revelation from the outside, human beings can know themselves, the universe, and even God.
True
Broadly understood, faith in some view of the world and human nature informs everyone's life.
True
Charles Darwin's theory of human origins must be accepted by an act of faith.
True
Christianity has been more adaptive of diverse cultures than not only secularism, but also many other worldviews.
True
Christians should expect to find nonbelievers who are much nicer, kinder, wiser, and better than they are.
True
Either the present universe has a personal origin or it is a product of the impersonal plus time, plus chance.
True
For existentialism, "evil" is defined as accepting what others (society) choose for you rather than choosing for yourself.
True
For proponents of human rights, it makes more sense to argue that God exists than those values come from nature.
True
For the naturalist, the cosmos is not two things, matter and mind or matter and spirit, it is one thing with no reference to a "creator" or a "god".
True
G. K. Chesterton once remarked that hell is a monument to human freedom.
True
God is the only self-existent being.
True
Good character is largely attributable to a loving, safe, and stable family and social environment.
True
Human rights are of no value if they are created.
True
In deism, God does not communicate with humans.
True
It is perfectly natural in an evolutionary system that natural selection should depend on the death, destruction, and violence of the strong against the weak.
True
Muslims believe in a spiritual resurrection just like Christians.
True
Muslims see the fact that they must live up to divine standards to receive salvation not as a burden but as an opportunity.
True
Nietzsche believed that the morality of love and human dignity derived from God.
True
No one would ever ask to leave hell in order to go to heaven.
True
Slavery existed in some form in virtually every human culture over the centuries, not just in Western Christian cultures in the sixteenth century.
True
Some New Age believers rely on Jesus as a religious authority.
True
The New Age beliefs teach that human beings understand reality because they are God-like
True
The motivational structure of Islam is built around avoiding the eternal consequences of any potential sin rather than keeping the rules in gratitude to Allah.
True
The psychedelic view of New Age believers says reality originates in the psyche of the person who experiences the reality.
True
The psychedelic view of New Age believers says reality originates in the psyche of the person who experiences the reality. 5/5 Points
True
Theistic existentialism came about as a response to a dead theism, while atheistic existentialism came about as a response to the meaningless philosophy of nihilism.
True
We live in a contingent universe.
True
When Jesus died on the cross, he experienced a cosmic abandonment by the Father.
True
When someone doubts Christianity, they are not just saying that Christian thought is wrong, they are substituting a set of alternative beliefs.
True
Many people believe that the Christian concept of a God who sends people to hell will lead to which of the following outcomes? (Select all that apply)
Violence, Exclusion
How do we know that nature is broken?
We can't know that nature is broken in some way unless there is some supernatural standard of normalcy apart from nature by which we can judge right and wrong
What is one consequence of the confidence in our ability to control the physical environment around us that came from modernity?
We think we can reshape the metaphysical realm as well and the very idea of a divine judgment day seem impossible
In what circumstance do disciplines and constraints liberate or contribute to our freedom, rather than detract from it?
When they fit the reality of our nature and capacities
Explain in your owns words the difference between moral feelings and moral obligation as Keller compares and contrasts each on page 152.
You evaluate your moral feelings with moral obligation or standards.
What is the best way to explain God's wrath to a secular person, according to Keller?
all loving persons are sometimes filled with wrath, not just despite of but because of their love. If you love a person and you see someone ruining them even they themselves you get angry
In what way are addictive substances analogous to hell, according to Keller? (Describe only one)
because as time goes on you need more and more of the addictive substance to get an equal kick, which leads to less and less satisfaction
What does one say to a person who says they believe in a God of love who would never damn someone to hell?
his concern misunderstands what the Bible teaches about the nature of salvation and damnation. A person who believes in a God of love that would never damn someone to hell must know that "all that are in Hell choose it. Without that self-choice, it wouldn't be Hell. No soul that seriously and constantly desires joy will ever miss it
What is considered the most fundamental belief in American culture?
moral truth relative to individual consciousness
Evolutionary biologists all agree that
our capacity to believe in God is hardwired into our physiology.
In what way does Islamic theism leave us in a closed universe?
that is is Gods will or nothing else.
All scientific inductive reasoning is based on
the regularity of nature
What was greater than the physical pain of Jesus on the cross?
the spiritual experience of cosmic abandonment