yeehaw

which of the following amino acid that aids the body in manufacturing serotonin

tryptophan

d=x̅-μ/σ

Cohen's d for One Sample

μ=ΣΧ/Ν

Population Mean

According to Lewinsohn, depressed people have

a low rate of response contingent positive reinforcement behaviors

As many as half of individuals with conversion disorder are likely to suffer from

dissociative disorder

An experiment is reliable if it measures what it is supposed to measure. measures what it is supposed to measure. can be replicated by another researcher and provide similar results. can be replicated by another researcher and provide similar results. proves the research hypothesis wrong. proves the research hypothesis wrong. can accurately predict future behaviors.

can be replicated by another researcher and provide similar results.

The tendency to misconstrue stimuli as menacing or dangerous would be of most interest to

cognitive-behavioral theorists

The rapid onset of confusion usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol is known as

delirium tremens

Mary Ainsworth identified three types of parent-child attachments: secure, avoidant, and resistant. What was the fourth style of attachment that was later described?

disorganized attachment.

Question Thao woke up in the middle of the night to a man holding a knife to her throat. The next thing she remembered was waking up in an emergency room where doctors were examining her after arriving by an ambulance. She had no brain trauma, but could not remember what happened after the man appeared in her bedroom. Thao most likely experienced

dissociative amnesia.

Mary has been in a continual state of dysfunction that has kept her from feeling truly happy or well adjusted however she never had a full blown depressive episode mary is most likely to have

dysthymic disorder

Which of the following is a depressive disorder involving chronic depression of less intensity than a major depressive disorder

dysthymic disorder

The anterior insular cortex area of the brain is associated with

emotion and self awareness

Laquita is a nurse and often takes care of patients on kidney dialysis. She saved a urine sample from one of her patients and used it for her own urine test during a routine medical check-up with her doctor. Her doctor now wants to conduct more tests to see if Laquita is having kidney failure. Laquita is not sure why she did this but seems to like the attention she is receiving now as a potential patient. What condition does Laquita appear to have?

factitious disorder imposed on self

People with depersonalization disorder

feel they are not real

Which of the following symptoms would most likely lead to the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?

feeling as though one has separate personalities

Which are most likely to cause altered sensory and perceptual experiences?

hallucinogens

Individuals with the Type A behavior pattern are at the risk of developing

heart disease

A(n) ________ is a testable prediction that is arrived at logically from a(n) theory; observation. theory; observation. hypothesis; theory. hypothesis; theory. experiment; observation. experiment; observation. theory; hypothesis.

hypothesis; theory.

Reza is watching a film in his psychology class about a woman with three different names and identities. The different personalities the woman has aren't always aware of one another. What symptom of dissociation does the woman in the film appear to have?

identity confusion

Question The findings of research state that in January of 2020, 12 cases of suicides due to severe depression occurred in the city of Key West. This reflects the ________ of suicides due to severe depression in Key West in January 2020. prevalence prevalence probability probability concordance rate concordance rate incidence

incidence

The sleep-association model may help explain why sleep problems are often found in patients with dissociative disorders. Randy was recently diagnosed with a dissociative disorder and finds that his symptoms of depersonalization

increase the most when he is tired.

which of the following is typical symptom of a hypomanic episode

inflated self-esteem

Which of the following physical ailments is/are characteristic of conversion disorder?

pseudoseizures

Somatoform Disorder

somatic symptoms involving physical problems and/or concerns about medical symptoms. impair functioning cuases distress

Which of the following is a cognitive-behavioral method designed to reduce obsessive thinking?

thought stopping

In which of the following up to one-third of those affected may be delusional, such as being convinced that others are talking about or laughing at the imagined defect in their appearance.

BDD

Considering the information about Ashlynn and her symptoms, which of the following mood disorders does she likely have?

Bipolar I

Francesca is a therapist who recently attended a professional development seminar on how to effectively treat patients who have somatic symptom disorders. One of the most important recommendations she learned in the training was

Clinicians may need to avoid colluding with their patient, but also avoid denying the reality of their symptoms.

which of the following of specific phobia is true?

Different specific phobias show different patterns of brain activation

American rapper Eminem once sang the following verse directed towards his estranged mother: "Goin' through public housing systems, Victim of Munchausen's Syndrome, My whole life I was made to believe I was sick when I wasn't, 'Til I grew up, now I blew up, It makes you sick to your stomach, doesn't it?" In this scenario, ________ was the victim while ________ was the perpetrator whose diagnosis was ________.

Eminem; his mother; factitious disorder imposed on another person

Jim and Elaine both live in the same part of the city and grew up in very similar neighborhoods. Each of them has a second-degree relative with schizophrenia. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Jim and Elaine have about the same risk of developing schizophreniform disorder.

The traditional treatment for bipolar disorder is

Lithium carbonate

Felipe was diagnosed with schizophrenia when he was younger and was prescribed a first-generation antipsychotic medication to reduce the intensity of his psychotic symptoms. These drugs were initially developed based on what major idea at the time?

The Dopamine Hypothesis of schizophrenia

According to Bemporad, insecurely attached children are most likely to

be extremely dependent in their relationships with others

This eating disorder is the most prevalent because it affects the highest number of females and males.

binge eating

Which is the most prevalent eating disorder, affecting approximately 2.8% of females and 1% of males?

binge eating disorder

Which of the following individuals would most likely be diagnosed with a conduct disorder?

10-year-old Malcolm physically bullies his classmates and completely disregards any of the rules at school.

Significant cognitive delays, deficits in adaptive functioning, and difficulties with personal independence and responsibility are features of intellectual development disorder, which is identified by an IQ score below

70.

In Europe and North America what percentage of individuals who commit suicide have a diagnosable psychological disorder

90%

Which psychoactive drug, used for recreational or medical purposes, may have side effects to include euphoria, difficulty concentrating, relaxation, and an increase in appetite?

Cannabis has various mental and physical effects, which include euphoria, altered states of mind and sense of time, difficulty concentrating, impaired short-term memory and body movement, relaxation, and an increase in appetite.

Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by an individual being overly dramatic and emotional, engaging in erratic and impulsive behaviors and is part of which cluster of personality disorders?

Cluster B

Z=X- x̅/S or X-M/SD

Formula for an Individual Score in a Sample

Z=X-μ/σ

Formula for and Individual Score in a Population

Question ________ is a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

Hallucinogen

In the emergency room, a physician is examining Dayo who was brought in after she began flinching and screaming that she was seeing flashing lights and thought a truck was going to run her over. She has been in an agitated state but has no history of mental disorders. After some prodding, a friend admits that they were at a party where they were taking PCP. Which question would be the most useful for the doctor to ask that might indicate if Dayo is experiencing a substance-induced psychotic episode?

Has Dayo suffered any type of head injury or been in any kind of a motor vehicle accident?

Derek, a U.S. psychologist, uses the DSM-5 in his practice to classify mental disorders, but his friend Deigo, who lives in Spain, uses the ________ for clinical diagnosis. International Classification of Diseases International Classification of Diseases Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders Internal Causes of Disease

International Classification of Diseases

drugs mimic natural painkillers in the body.

Opioid

________ involves changes in normal bodily functions, where the user will experience withdrawal from the drug upon cessation of use.

Physical dependence Physical dependence involves changes in normal bodily functions, where the user will experience withdrawal from the drug upon cessation of use.

This disorder is most commonly seen in pregnant women, small children, vitamin-deficient children, malnourished children, and people with intellectual disabilities.

Pica is most commonly seen in pregnant women, small children, vitamin deficient children, malnourished children, and people with intellectual disabilities.

μ=ΣΧ/N

Population Mean Formula

σ^2=Σ(Χ-μ)^2/Ν

Population Variance Formula

During which period of sleep does dreaming occur?

REM

This disorder is associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease.

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

X= M+ (ZxSD)

Revised Z Formula

x̅=ΣΧ/n

Sample Mean Formula

Which of the following statements is true of ADHD?

Scientific research has shown that ADHD is correlated with lower levels of dopamine in the brain.

Studies examining the genetic predisposition of some people to depression have focused on the neurotransmitter

Serotonin

Felipe is writing a research paper about the controversy in the diagnosis of DID. Which is a reason he may find regarding why DID is considered controversial?

Some believe DID is faked in order to avoid punishment for illegal activities.

________ most often occurs during slow-wave sleep.

Somnambulism

σx̅=σx/square root n

Standard Error

σ= square root of Σ(Χ-μ)^2/n

The Population Standard Deviation Formula

S= square root of Σ(Χ- x̅)^2/n-1

The Sample Standard Deviation Formula

s^2=Σ(Χ- x̅)^2/n-1

The Sample Variance Formula

Question In order for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, which of the following criteria must first be met?

The individual is at least 18 years old.

Which of the following is true of cyclothymic disorders?

The symptoms of this disorder are more chronic and less severe than those of bipolar disorder.

What is the biggest challenge in treating personality disorders, such as for those diagnosed with antisocial, narcissistic, or paranoid personality disorder?

They rarely seek treatment due to their ego-syntonic nature of feeling comfortable with themselves and believing there is nothing wrong with them and that others should change their behaviors and attitudes.

Individuals who are at increased risk for developing heart disease because of their tendency to inhibit the expression of negative emotions when they are in social situations belong to _____ personalities.

Type D

Treatment that involves speech pathologists and special educational classes for children at school would be best used to help a child diagnosed with

a communication disorder.

If the effects of all psychoactive drugs occur through their interactions with neurotransmitter systems, what is it that facilitates the activity of a neurotransmitter system?

agonist

Depressants are ________ of the GABA neurotransmitter, which has a quieting effect on the brain.

agonists Agonists are a substance that initiate a physiological response to a receptor.

the fear of being stranded without help when a panic attack occurs is called

agoraphobia

Kaila is so intimidated by the possibility of having a panic attack that she stays home the majority of the time. If she does go out, she insists that one of her friends accompanies her in case she has a panic attack. In addition to having panic disorder, Kaila might also be described as being

agoraphobic

A diagnosis of dependent personality disorder can be made based on an individual displaying which of the following characteristics?

allowing others to make their decisions for them, a lack of self-confidence, and the ability to do things on their own

Question A diagnosis of dependent personality disorder can be made based on an individual displaying which of the following characteristics?

allowing others to make their decisions for them, a lack of self-confidence, and the ability to do things on their own These are key features of dependent personality disorder along with fear of separation and extreme clinginess.

Many people who suffer from social anxiety disorder can overcome their symptoms with a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and

antianxiety medications

Based on the diagnosis of the question above, which of the following would be the most effective treatment(s) for Eeyore based on his symptoms?

antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy

In 1980, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative enrolled 5,000 participants between the ages of 55 and 90 who were recruited at 57 sites in the United States and Canada. One group had dementia due to Alzheimer's, another group had mild memory problems known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and the final control group consisted of healthy elderly participants. Studies were longitudinal, but by 2010 the number of participants was reduced to 3,000. This loss in participants can be explained by attrition. attrition. social desirability. social desirability. deception. deception. cost-effectiveness.

attrition.

An eating or feeding disturbance associated with an apparent lack of interest in eating or food or an inability to eat certain foods is characteristic of which eating disorder?

avoidant/restrictive food intake

The most effective anti anxiety medications are called

benzodiazpines

Psychoanalytic explanations of bipolar disorder proposes that manic episodes are..

defensive responses through whch individuals stave off feelings of inadequacy.

Which therapy has been used to induce aversion for cocaine dependency?

emetic therapy

If Jonah wanted to try cocaine after seeing it glamorously portrayed in a movie, a psychologist could argue that he was motivated by the

expectancy theory.

Laura, a 15-year-old girl, is the youngest child of the Parkers. She feels neglected by her parents and often refuses to eat and throws up, if forced. She insists that she is not well and requests her parents repeatedly to admit her to a hospital. Upon examining Laura, Dr. Harris, who was treating her, told her parents that her behavior seemed to be maintained by an inner need to play a "sick" role. In this instance, which of the following disorders is Laura most likely to be diagnosed with?

factitious disorder imposed on self

Marcus joined the military as a pilot. During a mission, he was instructed to fly over enemy air space to look for potential targets. Shortly after this flight, he became temporarily blind despite having no organic cause for his loss of sight. This caused him considerable distress until he was able to regain his vision again. What disorder did Marcus seem to have symptoms of?

functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

Which factor probably plays a bigger role in determining the risk of an individual developing an addiction?

genetics

the procedure in which a client is eventually brought out in increasingly challenging situations provoking his/her anxieties is known as

graduated exposure

Monica got into an argument with her neighbor Tim Robins, an irritable ex-serviceman, when her son's football landed on Robins' porch. Later in the day, her car broke down on her way to work and she was late for the most important meeting of the day. These relatively minor events upset Monica and can be best described as _____.

hassels

An individual who is seen to be "larger than life," always in the limelight and engaging in shallow conversations and inappropriate behaviors to maintain any type of attention they can would be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

histrionic

Question Individuals diagnosed with which personality disorder are typically seen as "the life of the party," always making sure to be the center of attention even if it means they engage in provocative or inappropriate behaviors?

histrionic

A person with ________ has a consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep and is the most common sleep disorder.

insomnia

For the last two months, La'shea has had a depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, a diminished interest in most activities, and feelings of worthlessness. La'shea may have

major depressive disorder.

Although there may be side effects with treatment options for bipolar disorder, which of the following is an ongoing concern?

medication noncompliance

Management for an individual diagnosed with an intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability) involves several components in order to provide an effective and supportive treatment plan. Management includes which of the following goals?

prevent further worsening of functioning and minimize the symptoms of disability In addition to improving the quality of everyday life, creating goals to prevent the worsening of functioning and a strategy to minimize symptoms are the first steps in managing intellectual development disorder.

The style of coping that involves changing something about the situation that makes it stressful is referred to as

problem focused coping

An individual can be diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder once

psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are ruled out.

The diagnosis of stereotypic movement disorder includes

repetitive, nonfunctional motor behaviors that interferes with daily activities or results in bodily injury. Stereotypic movement disorder is a childhood onset disorder characterized by repetitive movements that do not serve any functional purpose.

Kenny is not concerned with weight gain or weight loss, but he does find pleasure in regurgitating his recently swallowed food. He has learned to use his abdominal wall muscles to regurgitate foods with very little effort. Which eating disorder may Kenny have?

rumination

Monica has never had any close friends, and avoids creating any intimate relationships as she believes people would view her negatively and possibly deceive or harm her. When asked about her interests, Monica expresses strange beliefs such as superstitions and communicating with spirits. Monica would most likely be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

schizotypal personality disorder

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated as playing a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

serotonin

According to one theory, individuals with social anxiety disorder are unable to shift their attention away from

the anticipated criticism of their performance

the anxiety of a person suffering from social anxiety disorder is essentially centered on

the desire to avoid humiliation in a gathering

Clinicians who employ the interpersonal therapy primarily focus on

the nature of present problems faced by the patient

Regarding PTSD, positive psychology states that

trauma potentially allows clients to find positive interpretations of their experiences

The psychodynamic view on eating disorders focuses on

understanding the unconscious forces and motives that influence the disorder.

Dr. Nguyen believes there are genetic links to dissociation as it relates to difficulties in childhood while his colleague Dr. Fontana's research focuses on how thinking and memory systems work to contribute to dissociation and somatic disorders. Dr. Nguyen's approach is from a ________ perspective while Dr. Fontana's approach is from a ________ perspective.

biological; cognitive

Jules has been suffering from a form of mood disorder. She experiences insomnia and feels low on energy at times she seems to be very energetic and experiences a state of ecstasy. Identify the mood disorder

bipolar disorder

A disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate (alternate) between sadness and euphoria is

bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood states that vacillate between sadness and euphoria.

Amphetamines

block the reuptake of dopamine in addition to stimulating its release and are often prescribed to children diagnosed with ADHD.

tricyclic antidepressents work by

blocking the reuptake of amines into the presynaptic neurons

The pancreas and liver generate chemical signals inducing hunger when

blood glucose levels drop.

Individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa often have a distorted body image, known as a type of ________, meaning that they view themselves as overweight even though they are not.

body dysmorphia

A troubling characteristic for many individuals with anorexia nervosa is they see themselves as overweight even when they are not. This distorted body image is known as

body dysmorphia.

Zemira has tried many different clothing brands, started and stopped numerous diets, and holds a vigorous exercise routine, but she believes nothing is working to fix what she sees as a misshapen body form. In fact, she has started budgeting for plastic surgery, and until then she refuses all social gatherings. Zemira displays signs of

body dysmorphic disorder.

An individual who displays an extreme fear of abandonment, chronic feelings of emptiness and sadness, unstable relationships, and dangerous actions would be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

borderline

Question Rose has a history of self-harming behaviors and frequently talks about suicide. She has a very unstable self-image and has chronic feelings of sadness and loneliness. She has trouble making stable and secure relationships with others and fears abandonment. Rose is most likely diagnosed with which of the following personality disorders?

borderline

Ryan engages in impulsive and risky behaviors. She frequently makes suicidal references and has a history of self-injurious behaviors. She experiences chronic feelings of emptiness and loneliness, which has led to an unstable sense of self and unhealthy relationships. Her behavior most closely reflects which of the following personality disorders?

borderline

Prozac and vyvanse have been approved by the FDA to treat

bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder.

Which form of therapy has the highest rate of success in treating trichotillomania, and other body-focused repetitive behaviors, and involves learning a new response to compete with troublesome behaviors?

habit reversal training (HRT) Habit reversal training (HRT) has the highest rate of success in treating trichotillomania and other BFRRs. Habit reversal training (HRT) is a multicomponent behavioral treatment package originally developed to address a wide variety of repetitive behavior disorders. It consists of five components: awareness training, competing response training, contingency management, relaxation training, and generalization training. HRT has also been shown to be a successful adjunct to medication as a way to treat trichotillomania. With HRT, the individual is trained to learn to recognize their impulse to pull and also teach the individual to redirect this impulse.

Your roommate hasn't been acting like herself recently. Which of the following symptoms do you feel may be the most troubling sign there is a problem?

suicidal tendencies

Marco's friends have noticed he has been acting a bit strange lately. Recently, they went out for dinner and Marco refused to eat his food, stating he believed the chef poisoned his meal. He also told his friends that he has been working on a plan to catch the chef in action, but that he can't disclose any details about the plan in case one of his friends told the chef. Which main characteristic of paranoid personality disorder is Marco displaying at his dinner?

suspicion that others are intentionally harming him One of the key features of paranoid personality disorder is believing others are trying to harm them, which Marco clearly displays by thinking the chef poisoned his meal and coming up with a plan to counteract the perceived attack.

Isabelle has made some friends in a yoga class that she has been taking for over a year. Recently, her friends have noticed she has been saying strange things after class, such as stating the instructor only watches her to see if she messes up and has set up a hidden camera that points directly at her. Isabelle explains that this way if she messes up, the instructor will have evidence to show to the class as an example of what not to do. Isabelle won't disclose details to her friends, but has stated that she is coming up with a plan to catch the instructor watching her and to expose the hidden cameras. Which characteristic of paranoid personality disorder is Isabelle exhibiting to her yoga friends?

suspicion that others are looking to exploit her

The behavioral approach to treating phobias, which involves gradually exposing the client to the feared stimulus while the client practices relaxation exercises is called

systematic desensitization

Which neurotransmitter is directly affected by the medications Prozac and Paxil?

Serotonin

Kendall follows a simple routine that includes engaging in solitary activities. She would like to make friends, but has difficulty putting herself out there and opening up to others due to an extreme fear of criticism and negative judgment. She does not have a good sense of self-esteem or self-worth. Kendall would most likely be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

(not)dependent

According to the biological theories, phobias are essentially caused by

a preparedness to fear things that threaten survival

Sonja and her partner Heather are both in counseling for two different disorders. Sonja is receiving treatment for DID and Heather was diagnosed with functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder). What may be a common treatment approach that would be effective for both of them?

a therapist skilled in CBT and exploring past traumatic events or stressors that may have contributed to their illnesses

Michael was diagnosed with schizophrenia when he was 19 years old. He was hospitalized, and he and his psychiatrist have struggled for many months to find the right antipsychotic medication to help him with the least side effects. He is now ready to be discharged to a residential living facility. A major goal of his time there will be to practice and rehearse interpersonal and communication skills, money management, stress management, and some other behaviors to help him integrate into the community on his own. But Michael is an adult, so why is such a program necessary?

Because schizophrenia disrupted the normal process of learning the life skills to be on his own.

During which stage of development is a person most at risk for bipolar disorder?

Adolescence is known to be a significant risk period for bipolar disorder; mood symptoms start by adolescence in roughly half of bipolar disorder cases.

Question Although the etiology of persistent depressive disorder is unknown, there are ________ and links with other factors such as stress, social isolation, and lack of social support.

genetic predispositions

The results of family and twin studies suggest that one of the main causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder is/are

genetics. Studies have implicated about two dozen potential genes that may be involved in OCD; these genes regulate the function of three neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate.

In which of the following do patients experience pain to such a degree that their lives become consumed by the pursuit of relief?

somatic symptom disorder

An irrational and unabating fear of a particular object, activity, or situation is known as a

specific phobia

The use of ________ causes rapid weight loss, cardiovascular effects such as an increase in heart rate; respirations and blood pressure; emotional or mental side effects such as paranoia, anxiety, and aggression; and a change in the survival pathway known as the reward/reinforcement pathway in our brains.

stimulants The use of stimulants in humans causes rapid weight loss, cardiovascular effects such as an increase in heart rate; respirations and blood pressure; emotional or mental side effects such as paranoia, anxiety, and aggression; and a change in the survival pathway known as the reward/reinforcement pathway in our brains.

According to the standardized bell curve, the average IQ score is

100

Which of the following statements best describes the characteristics of an individual diagnosed with conduct disorder?

11-year-old Kevin was caught at school burning textbooks and physically assaulting another student who tried to stop him. Conduct disorder is characterized by aggression towards other people or animals, destruction of property, serious violation of the rules, and deceitfulness or theft.

what approximate percentage of army soldiers returning from iraq were reported to have PTSD

13%

Alan is having a psychotic episode. Which of the following describes his experience?

Alan hears someone speaking to him, but there is no one there or he hears odd sounds like radio static.

Which of the following statements is true about oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?

Brain imaging studies suggest that the brains of children with ODD have differences in the areas of the brain responsible for reasoning, judgement, and impulse control. Neuroimaging studies have also identified structural and functional brain abnormalities in several brain regions in youths with conduct disorders including the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.

Question Gustav has been diagnosed with delusional disorder; his brother, Brandt, has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which one of the brothers most likely hears someone speaking to him and replies back to them even though no one else is present?

Brandt

somnambulism.

In somnambulism, the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from wandering about to driving an automobile, and sleepers often have their eyes open, but they are not responsive to attempts to communicate with them.

Chris's family has been involved in his rehab program after going through a substance-abuse induced psychotic episode; they also participated in family therapy with him to address conflicts and tensions within the family. Chris is going to be released shortly from his residential treatment program and has already received his prescriptions for second generation antipsychotics. What would be the next step in his treatment?

Individual therapy with CBT to determine how to prevent relapse of psychosis and drug use.

Which of the following statements about intelligence is true?

Intelligence includes a range of mental activities including logical reasoning, problem-solving, and verbal skills.

Which statement correctly describes someone who has a stimulant use disorder?

James craves caffeine, has tried to cut down on his consumption, has developed a tolerance for it, and has had to forego some social activities because of his reliance on caffeine. We often don't think of caffeine as being addictive as other stimulants, but a person can still meet the criteria for a stimulant use disorder based on an extreme reliance on caffeine.

Question After the time change in November when the days get shorter and the evenings get longer, Paul feels unusually sad and lacks the motivation to participate in activities he used to find enjoyable. Paul may be experiencing which type of mental disorder?

MDD with seasonal pattern

Elena has been suffering from increased difficulty thinking and speaking logically to others as well as talking to people that others don't see for the past couple of weeks. Her family takes her in to see a physician. Can the doctor diagnose her with schizophrenia?

No. Her psychotic symptoms have only lasted for two weeks, which is not enough time for a diagnosis. Because other situations can also produce psychotic symptoms, Elena must show ongoing symptoms for a minimum of six months with one month's duration of active, positive symptoms.

which of the following disorders frequently accompanies BDD

OCD

Michael hasn't been sleeping well for several years. His family is concerned because Michael often wakes in the middle of the night kicking and screaming. When his family tries to wake him, he remembers having vivid nightmares which may be impacting his ability to get a good night's sleep. An overnight sleep study may reveal Michael has

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Individuals who suffer from RBD have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams. These behaviors vary widely, but they can include kicking, punching, scratching, yelling, and behaving like an animal that has been frightened or attacked.

R= Q4-Q0

Range Formula

Talia has been saying that she is the CEO of the company, even though she works in accounting. Her girlfriend takes her into the local mental health center because she is worried about her. While reviewing her history, which one of the following situations would rule out (eliminate consideration of) a diagnosis of delusional disorder?

Six months ago, Talia fell from her roof while cleaning gutters and suffered significant head injury.

Anay has schizophrenia, hears voices, sometimes has difficulty in trying to express himself to others, and shows unusual behaviors at times. He lives in a place where his behaviors are seen as a channel or connection to the spiritual side of life, and he is physically and emotionally supported by his community and even sought out for input and insights to help others. This reduces his stress significantly, and he functions reasonably well in his community. Seeking to understand his situation in its own context is an example of what perspective?

Sociocultural perspective The sociocultural perspective seeks to understand the impact of social and cultural forces on symptoms and treatments.

Cooper smoked marijuana at a party over the weekend, and on Monday, he was still experiencing hallucinations and was panicked about going to school. He acted paranoid and mistrustful of everyone, so the point where his family recommended him to a counselor. Which diagnosis best aligns with his symptoms?

Stimulant-induced psychosis

Stefon is being treated in a partial hospitalization setting for schizophreniform disorder. He was placed on an atypical antipsychotic medication, but it does not seem to be working very well. Which of the following is a strategy that is likely to be attempted next by the psychiatrist?

Switch Stefon to another second-generation antipsychotic medication. with schizophrenia, antipsychotic medications can have significant side effects, so a psychiatrist would not use two of them together.

26-year-old Tanya has been diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder. Which of the following statements best reflects Tanya based on her diagnosis?

Tanya loves to be the center of attention, often engaging in inappropriate and seductive behaviors. She tends to be overly dramatic and emotionally expressive.

Which of the following statements is true with regard to trichotillomania?

Trichotillomania may be underreported because people with this disorder are secretive about what they are doing and tend to engage in hair-pulling only when alone

There is ________ correlation between the number of hours of sleep a person gets and how tired they feel. no no a negative a negative a neutral a neutral a positive

a negative

Joanie wants to establish a private practice of mental health providers who are skilled in treating both dissociative disorders (such as DID), as well as somatic symptom disorders, like functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder). What type of clinician should she consider for her practice first?

a therapist who is skilled in cognitive-behavioral therapy addressing trauma

Marsha is a 45-year-old architect who was psychologically healthy until two weeks ago when she and her 12-year-old son survived a wildfire. Their home and many of the things in their home were badly damaged by flames, heat, smoke and water that destroyed their home and several other homes in their neighborhood. Since the fire, Marsha has been tormented by vivid images of waking to see her home filled with smoke and quickly getting her son and herself to safety. She described herself as being in a daze, seemingly numb, and emotionally unresponsive to the concerns of her friends and family. Marsha continued to experience these symptoms for two weeks, after which they gradually subsided. Her symptoms suggest that she might have suffered from

acute stress disorder.

An individual diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder displays which of the following characteristics?

abnormal perceptions, bizzare illusions, and avoidance of socialization and intimate relationships

Question During which stage of development is a person most at risk for bipolar disorder?

adolescence

Patients diagnosed with hypersomnolence disorder should avoid

alcohol and caffeine.

Which of the following is an example of a tricyclic antidepressant

amitriptyline

Jennyfer experiences chronic feelings of loneliness and emptiness. She spends most of her time home alone watching TV and drinking alcohol. Jennyfer has a tendency to then engage in risky or dangerous behaviors such as driving or spending money. She has trouble forming stable relationships and has a deep fear of abandonment. Jennyfer is displaying key characteristics of

borderline personality disorder. Unstable sense of self, engaging in risky or dangerous behaviors, and chronic feelings of loneliness and emptiness are key characteristics of borderline personality. Additionally, the substance use and lack of motivation are also key components of this personality disorder.

This disorder is associated with many adverse health consequences that can include kidney failure, heart failure, and tooth decay. In addition, individuals with this disorder often suffer from anxiety and depression.

bulimia

Question An experiment is reliable if it can accurately predict future behaviors. can accurately predict future behaviors. proves the research hypothesis wrong. proves the research hypothesis wrong. measures what it is supposed to measure. measures what it is supposed to measure. can be replicated by another researcher and provide similar results.

can be replicated by another researcher and provide similar results.

Richard is a college sophomore who enjoys school, but with the recent switch to virtual learning, finds he has more time than expected in his daily schedule. He enjoys cannabis, but is tired of his increased hunger and appetite in the middle of the night. Recently, Richard has started experiencing a reduced ability to focus directly and is unable to verbalize full, coherent sentences because he is not able to find the right words. Which of the following may Richard be experiencing?

cannabis intoxication delirium The term cannabis intoxication delirium is appropriate when an individual has taken cannabis and there is a disturbance in attention and an additional disturbance in cognition like language or perception.

Cognitive-behavioral theorists understand conversion disorders on the underlying model that is based on the premise that such people

catastrophize their normal bodily sensations

The essential feature of conversion disorder is that the individual experiences a

change in bodily function not due to an underlying medical condition

Lindsay experiences a lot of difficulty expressing herself verbally. She knows what she wants to say, but when she speaks, she tends to stutter and take long pauses between words. This difficulty has been distressing to her, as she wants to be able to hold conversations and express her feelings and thoughts to others. Which of the following disorders is Lindsay most likely diagnosed with?

childhood-onset fluency disorder

Somatic symptom disorder is relatively rare, but is present with higher than expected frequency among patients seeking treatment for _____.

chronic pain

Amanda, a 28-year old woman, who recently lost her only son in a drowning accident, has been going through considerable stress and emotional turmoil. She woke up one morning and was terrified to find that she was unable to walk. Her husband took her to a clinic where the doctor ruled out any underlying medical condition for Amanda's symptoms. In this instance, which of the following disorders is Amanda most likely to be suffering from?

conversion disorder

Which somatic symptom disorder involves the translation of unacceptable drives or troubling conflicts into bodily motor or sensory symptoms

conversion disorder

Research studies designed to determine whether a relationship exists between variables is known as ________ research. experimental experimental descriptive descriptive qualitative qualitative correlational

correlational

Terrance is in elementary school learning to read and write. He has been having a challenging time, as he tends to switch the letters and words around in sentences, and when writing he forms some letters backwards. Which of the following learning disabilities does Terrance most likely have?

dyslexia Dyslexia is characterized by an inability to correctly process letters and sound-letter correspondence and is shown by Terrance's backwards writing and letter-and-word switching.

what types of risk factors make individuals more likely to develop PTSD?

excessive self-blame

Jill hasn't felt like herself lately and is experiencing many symptoms of dissociation. Which of the following symptoms may be part of her dissociation?

extensive memory loss Disruptions in memory is one of the symptoms of dissociation according to the DSM-5.

Angela has struggled with drugs for quite some time and now has started using Angel Dust. This drug was developed in the 1950s as a general anesthetic for surgery, but it is no longer used for this purpose due to serious side effects. Angela experiences numbness in the extremities and intoxication, characterized by staggering, unsteady gait, auditory hallucinations, and loss of balance. Which category does this drug fall under?

hallucinogen

An individual diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder will display which of the following traits?

inflated sense of self-importance and the constant need of admiration from others

Personality disorders can be best defined as

maladaptive, enduring personality styles that differ from cultural expectations and often create significant problems in relationships.

Question Brenda washes her silverware several times in the ladies room whenever she eats at a restaurant because she can't help thinking about the number of people who may have touched them. Despite this habit, she still feels that her silverware is unclean despite all the washing. Her symptoms are suggestive of

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Which of the following personality disorders is included in Cluster C, defined by anxious and fearful types?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

For PTSD, and other stress-related disorders, researchers have found that both genetics and environment play important roles in one's risk for developing PTSD due to trauma. But, genes may not be the only thing affecting the risk factor for PTSD. Recent studies have shown

that smaller hippocampal volume has been correlated with PTSD. Genes may not be the only thing affecting the risk factor for PTSD. Recent studies have shown that smaller hippocampal volume has been correlated with PTSD—the relationship between PTSD and smaller volume in this region of the brain is associated with negative effects of the stress hormone.

with regard to factitious disorders secondary gain refers to

the sympathy and attention that a sick person receives from other people.

Based on effectiveness and response, which of the following treatments has been recommended for Cluster B personality disorders?

the use of antidepressants or mood stabilizers (not)implementing individual therapy sessions

Jesse is diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. He acknowledges that he pulls his hair when he feels anxiety. He sees his broken hairs when he looks in the mirror. His psychologist, who prefers habit reversal therapy, has asked him to start counting numbers from 100 in the reverse order whenever he felt an intense urge to act on the impulse to pull out his hair. Which of the following comorbid disorders is being treated in this instance? generalized anxiety disorder

trichotillomania TTM occurs more commonly in those with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Episodes of pulling may be triggered by anxiety. People usually acknowledge that they pull their hair and on examination, broken hairs may be seen. Habit reversal therapy (HRT) has been shown to be effective, and sometimes includes components of acceptance and commitment therapy and dialectical behavior therapy as well.

A psychological disorder is situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings. a pattern of behaviors and thoughts that violate social norms. a pattern of behaviors and thoughts that violate social norms. a manifestation of a psychopathology. a manifestation of a psychopathology. a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Dorothea became a nurse during World War II and frequently cared for traumatized soldiers in a field hospital. One day she developed glove anesthesia and could not feel her left hand for over a month, despite having no neurological damage to the nerves leading up to her hand. This severely impacted her duties as a caregiver and caused her significant distress until she regained feeling again. What disorder did Dorothea appear to suffer from?

functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

Whenever Tania eats at a restaurant, she thinks about the number of people who may have touched her silverware. When no one is looking, she puts the silverware into her pocket, goes to the ladies room, and washes the silverware in hot water several times, without ever feeling like they are clean. Tania might be suffering from

obsessive-compulsive disorder. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted (obsessions) and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).

Many clinicians believe the ________ model explains why people who were severely abused as children develop DID as an extreme coping strategy.

post-traumatic

Madison is a nine-year-old girl who often pulls out her own hair one hair at a time, and these hair-pulling episodes can last for hours at a time. She is unable to stop pulling out her hair, despite the development of several bald patches on her head. Which of the following impulse-control disorders is Madison most likely to have?

trichotillomania Trichotillomania (TTM), also known as hair-pulling disorder or compulsive hairpulling, is a psychological disorder characterized by a long-term urge that results in the pulling out of one's hair. This occurs to such a degree that hair loss can be seen. Trichotillomania most commonly begins in childhood or adolescence. Children are less likely to pull from areas other than the scalp.

Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by an individual being overly dramatic and emotional, engaging in erratic and impulsive behaviors and is part of which cluster of personality disorders?

Cluster B Personality disorders in Cluster B include those that are related to being impulsive, dramatic, emotional, and erratic and include histrionic, as well as borderline, narcissistic, and antisocial personality disorders.

Avoidant personality disorder is classified under which cluster according to the DSM-5?

Cluster C Avoidant, as well as dependent and obsessive-compulsive, are included in Cluster C, which involve personalities that appear to be anxious, fearful, or clingy.

Based on numerous studies, comparing identical or monozygotic twins with fraternal or dizygotic twins researcher's concluded that genetic influences on major depressive disorder are in the range of

30 to 40%

Although 11% of Americans with substance use disorder seek treatment, approximately what percentage of them will relapse within a year?

40-60%

Janessa is terrified of feeling abandoned so she attaches herself to her friends and family in a very demanding way. This causes her loved ones to push away, and in return, Janessa feels lonely, rejected, and empty. She often engages in risky and dangerous behaviors, as she has very unstable moods and unpredictable actions. Janessa fits the pattern of a personality disorder in which of the following clusters?

Cluster B personality disorders are the dramatic, erratic, and emotional types and include antisocial, histrionic, and borderline personalities. Janessa's avoidance of feelings of abandonment along with her impulsive behaviors and unstable moods would classify her into Cluster B.

Personality disorders are classified into different clusters based on common features. Which of the following clusters is avoidant personality disorder included in?

Cluster C

Which of the following arguments might be used by defense attorneys to support an insanity plea for a client? Because the client had an impulse control disorder, he or she could not control his or her violent urges. Because the client had an impulse control disorder, he or she could not control his or her violent urges. Because the client was suffering from paranoid delusions, he or she was not able to differentiate right from wrong. Because the client was suffering from paranoid delusions, he or she was not able to differentiate right from wrong. Because the client had bipolar disorder, his manic urges caused him or her to react violently. Because the client had bipolar disorder, his manic urges caused him or her to react violently. Because the client was recently diagnosed with dementia, he or she has delusions of persecution.

Because the client had an impulse control disorder, he or she could not control his or her violent urges.

Question Damion thinks that impairments he sees in his patients with schizophrenia like difficulty with explaining moments in their own lives and slow response time in trying to figure things out are actually part of the risk factors for developing the disorder rather than just the effects of the illness. In reaching this conclusion, Damion is making use of which perspective on schizophrenia?

Cognitive perspective

d=x̅1-x̅2/Sp

Cohen's d for Two Samples

x̅-zCL x σx̅ < μ <x̅ + zCL x σx̅

Confidence Intervals

There are several known causes of intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability). One cause is the result of a mutation of a single gene, the FMR1 gene, called

Fragile X syndrome Is a lead genetic cause of intellectual development disorder and results from a genetic mutation in the FMR1 gene.

IQR= Q3-Q1

Interquartile Range Formula

Which of the following is a characteristic of reactive attachment disorder?

It is placed among the trauma and stressor related disorders

Which of the following statements is true with regard to job burnout?

Job burnout is often precipitated by feelings of having invested considerable energy, effort, and time into one's work while receiving little in return (e.g., little respect or support from others or low pay).

This disorder occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur. Individuals who suffer from this disorder have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams.

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Which of the following descriptions of Kate most accurately reflects the characteristics of someone who has been diagnosed with histrionic personality?

Kate is excessively dramatic and emotional, feeling uncomfortable if she is not the center of attention. She will even be seductive or provocative in order to gain attention.

When the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur, clonazepam, an anti-anxiety medication with sedative properties, is most often used to treat

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).

Miles is a 49 year-old bank manager. He has had a lot of uncertainty about his job recently, and many of his coworkers have been laid off. For the past two weeks, he has been extremely sad and hasn't been able to go to work at all. He has used up all of his sick days, and spends his time sleeping or sitting on his couch watching television. He can't concentrate on anything very long, and he has a lot of trouble deciding what he should do about his situation.

Major Depression

A.J.'s symptoms of sleeping all of the time, decreased appetite, anhedonia, along with a suicide attempt are consistent with characteristics of which mood disorder?

Major Depressive Disorder

For several years now Terri has struggled with intense depressive episodes. During some of these episodes, she has told her family and others that she is actually dead; even when doctors have pointed out that she has a heartbeat and temperature, she insists that she has already died. During some of these episodes, she also describes feeling her bones cracking as they decay and can hear ghosts speaking to her. When treatment reduces her depression, the psychotic symptoms are no longer evident. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for her given this information?

Major depression with psychotic symptoms Terri's symptoms have continued for longer than 6 months, and her primary symptoms are related to depression.

Which of the following statements would most likely be made by an individual who has been diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder?

My boss keeps staring at me. I think she has been spying on my computer and is trying to get the whole office to team up against me."

Leila and John are from the same country and generally have similar life histories in terms of their development, education, and life stressors. Which one of them has a greater risk of receiving a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder?

Neither; unlike some other disorders, men and women have equal rates of this disorder. Correct! Prevalence rates for schizophreniform disorder are roughly the same between women and men.

Which of the following statements regarding ADHD is true?

Research has shown that dopamine deficits in the brain are correlated with ADHD. Drugs designed to treat ADHD increase the level of dopamine activity in the brain, reflecting that individuals diagnosed with ADHD likely have lower levels of dopamine.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects individuals diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder?

Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by ideas of reference, strange beliefs, abnormal perceptual experiences, strange thinking and speech, and a lack of intimate relationships.

If Stevie is showing evidence of positive signs of schizophrenia, what might that look like?

She demonstrates uncommon or unusual thoughts and behaviors.

Question What is the main difference between the diagnostic criteria of speech sound disorder and of childhood-onset fluency disorder?

Speech sound disorder involves issues with pronouncing and articulating the correct sounds, whereas childhood-onset fluency disorder involves issues with repetition of sounds and pauses with words.

Question Shaquallah was a researcher who studied intelligence. She was looking to assess IQ in adults between the ages of 18 and 35 to determine if results are more skewed than past results. If Shaquallah was looking to study IQ, she would use the ________ to assess individuals. Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

The anxiety disorder that is similar to PTSD, but describes a disorder that lasts between three days and one month of a traumatic event, is referred to as

acute stress disorder. Correct! Acute stress disorder is a disorder occurring for three days or one month following a traumatic experience marked by intrusion, negative mood changes, dissociation, avoidance, and changes in arousal. After one month, a diagnosis of acute stress disorder would be considered PTSD.

People with bulimia nervosa often suffer from ________, and are at an increased risk for substance abuse.

anxiety and depression People with bulimia nervosa often suffer from anxiety and depression and are at an increased risk for substance abuse.

Which two psychiatric disorders are most commonly found in people diagnosed with bipolar disorder?

anxiety disorders and substance use disorders

Which medications, known for reducing anxiety, are also known as minor tranquilizers?

anxiolytics Anxiolytic drugs decrease activity, moderate excitement and have a calming effect.

Although individuals with this disorder may experience physical gastrointestinal reactions to adverse foods such as retching, vomiting, or gagging, most will still maintain a healthy or typical body weight.

avoidant/restrictive food intake

Which of the following examples describe the key characteristics of avoidant personality disorder?

avoids socializing due to extreme sensitivity to negative evaluations and fears of criticism or rejection

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is characterized by

severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a woman's period begins.

Which of the following treatments is effective and recommended for children suffering with enuresis or encopresis?

behavior-modifying therapies such as a urine alarm

Helping clients recognize the warning signs prior to the onset of a panic attack, so that they can take steps to relax, is an important component of which type of therapy?

behavioral

Leon is undergoing treatment for his depression in this course of his treatment his therapist encourages him to take up new ventures and tries to build up his confidence through positive reinforcement this technique is based on the

behavioral activation

"The influence of nurture has a greater impact on determining the potential outcomes of one's life than the influence of nature does. When a child is given unconditional support and love, they are able to foster adaptive psychological states and remain resilient when faced with a problem. Each individual has the ability and the right to make their own choices and to become the best they can be."

humanistic perspective

an urge or drive toward action that leads to the performance of repetitive, ritualistic behaviors is called

compulsion

Jessica has felt "off" for just over the past two years. Jessica has said at times she has felt normal, but the normalcy only lasted for around a month and a half and then she felt either depressed or acted mild to moderately impulsive. Jessica is not sure what is going on and she added that she has not abused drugs or alcohol during this period of time, because she was unsure how she would react to substances. What could Jessica be treated for based on this background information?

cyclothymic disorder consistent peiods of normalcy during the two years, which is key for diagnosis as with Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Disorders would show either marked consistent patterns of being depressed or consittent patterns of mania and depression

Researchers found that melatonin ________, but had an insignificant and inconclusive impact on the quality of sleep compared to a placebo group.

decreased sleep onset latency and increased total sleep time

Question Arielle can't make a decision without consulting all her friends and family members first. She is overly reliant on their advice and support, making her come off as clingy and lacking self-confidence. Which personality disorder would Arielle most likely be diagnosed with?

dependent

Alcohol and barbiturates are examples of

depressants.

In ________ disorders, individuals show a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.

depressive Individuals with depressive disorders show a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.

Jake is diagnosed with trichotillomania. His clinician, who prefers behavioral treatment, has asked him to start counting numbers from 100 in the reverse order whenever he felt an intense urge to act on impulse. According to Jake's clinician, such a therapy would help him to get rid of an undesirable habit by learning a new response. Which of the following is being used in this instance?

habit reversal training

Paradoxical intention might consist of

having a person stay awake as long as they can to facilitate sleep.

A risk factor that can make one more susceptible to developing PTSD if one experiences trauma is

having experienced prior trauma and life adversities

Which withdrawal should be done under medical supervision to prevent potentially deadly withdrawal symptoms?

heavy alcohol use

Individuals diagnosed with intellectual development disorders (intellectual disabilities) are typically treated with a multidisciplinary treatment plan. Which of the following explains a key component of a treatment plan for an intellectual development disorder?

improving the quality of daily life through educational support and behavioral intervention

Excoriation disorder has a high rate of comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, especially with

mood and anxiety disorders. Studies have shown the following rates of psychiatric conditions found in patients with excoriation disorder: trichotillomania (38.3%), substance abuse (38%), major depressive disorder (approximately 31.7% to 58.1%), anxiety disorders (approximately 23% to 56%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (approximately 16.7% to 68%), and body dysmorphic disorder (approximately 26.8% to 44.9%).

Which of the following personality disorders is included in Cluster C, defined by anxious and fearful types?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder An individual with obsessive-compulsive personality will have a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and rigid control over their environment, which is categorized as an anxious or fearful type.

The inability to complete tasks due to perfectionism, a preoccupation with order and schedules, a devotion to work that interferes with leisure and socializing, as well as being stubborn and inflexible are characteristics of

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

older individuals with dysthymic disorder or depression are more likely to report problems in what area of functioning

physical

Rachel reported that she experienced severe physical and sexual abuse as a young child. She was later diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder and her clinician believes the disorder developed as a way she could cope with this terrible childhood. What theoretical model is the clinician adhering to in order to explain the cause of DID with Rachel?

post-traumatic model

A group of researchers studying the effects of alcohol on the overall health of law school students asked respondents whether they drank alcohol during the past three months. In this instance, the researchers were collecting ________ data. tangential tangential secondary secondary incidence incidence prevalence

prevalence

A behavioral technique that is used by clinicians to treat anxiety disorder involving progressive and systematic patterns of muscle tensing and easing is known as

relaxation training

With this disorder, an altered sensation in the abdomen may persist, even when the initial stressor improves. Additionally, this disorder may occur following a viral illness, emotional stress, or physical injury.

rumination

James works at an office where everyone is friends and socializes outside of work. Although he's always invited, James always declines to join and shows no gratitude for or interest in the offer. He would rather go home and spend the night alone. James most closely fits the characteristics of which personality disorder?

schizoid personality disorder

Mia has rarely shown any emotion, and now that she's off on her own for college, she chooses to remain alone and is not interested in going out. She almost never interacts with her roommates and doesn't have any close friends. What type of personality disorder might she have?

schizoid personality disorder

Maren feels intensely sad every November when the days get shorter. Which subtype of depression is this called?

seasonal pattern A person with the subtype of depression known as seasonal pattern experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.

There are four types of attachment styles, according to attachment theory. These are

secure attachment, avoidant attachment, disorganized attachment, and reactive attachment disorder.

"I got a 96% on this exam but the four I missed were easy. I must be stupid" this statement shows the speaker is affected by the cognitive distortion referred to by Beck as

selective abstraction

A clinician devises a hierarchy of desired responses beginning by rewarding the child for making any utterances, and then progressing through words and sentences to treat a child with selective mutism. Which of the following methods does the clinician use?

shaping and exposure

In order for a diagnosis of intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability) to be made according to the DSM-5, which of the following criteria must first be met?

significant delays and limits in general mental abilities and intellectual functioning

Considering the information about Eeyore and his symptoms, which of the following mood disorders might he have?

unipolar depression

The Roshenhan experiment, in which people were admitted to psychiatric wards and labeled with disorders, despite acting normally, predominantly raises issues with the ________ of a diagnosis. validity validity cultural relativity cultural relativity labeling labeling reliability

validity

Question Drug addiction can be treated, but approximately ________ relapse within a year.

40-60%

Which of the following theories is based on the assumption that interpersonal stress induces an episode of depression in a person who is genetically vulnerable to this disorder.

IPT

A disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate (alternate) between sadness and euphoria is

bipolar disorder.

Individuals with PTSD experience alterations in a particular portion of the brain which is responsible for

consolidating memory

Hypnotic drugs

initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep.

An adult with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 is considered

overweight.

___ is a disorder origination in childhood in which an individual consciously refuse to talk

selective mutism

In the widely used DSM-5, the letters stand for Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine. Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders. Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

For several weeks now Diego has been living on his own, although he receives support from a visiting social worker and participates in a day treatment program where he is part of a group focused on Social Skills Training. What kinds of activities does Diego engage in with this group?

He participates in role-plays and receives feedback and discusses how to use the skills in his life.

Which of the following statements explains the development of personality disorders according to the behavioral perspective?

Individuals learn to behave in certain ways and their personalities are shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences.

________ is sometimes administered as a way for people to overcome heroin addictions.

Methadone is used to prevent withdrawal symptoms in patients who were addicted to opiate drugs.

night terrors.

Night terrors result in a sense of panic in the sufferer and are often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment and occur during NREM sleep. Although individuals suffering from night terrors appear to be awake, they generally have no memories of the events that occurred, and attempts to console them are ineffective.

Dr. Rodriguez has a patient who has visited him several times about a host of physical symptoms emanating in various parts of her body that she reports experiencing for three months now. She is very worried about the symptoms and it's starting to negatively impact her life. Dr. Rodriguez hasn't found a medical explanation for the patient's pain yet. Should Dr. Rodriguez diagnose this patient with somatic symptom disorder?

No, while the patient has some symptoms of SSD, she hasn't met the minimum duration of time for the diagnosis.

Satiation therapy is a technique sometimes adopted by clinicians to treat clients suffering from

OCD

Y= intercept +slope x X Y= b0 + b1 x X

Predicting a Raw Score

Which type of attachment is thought to be the result of a caregiver's inconsistent level of response to their child?

Resistant attachment is thought to be the result of the caregivers' inconsistent level of response to their child. Infants of this attachment category have excessive distress upon separations from an attachment figure such as a caregiver, and when the caregiver returns, tend to continue their distress and do not use their caregivers as a secure base.

The preferred pharmacological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder is by providing the client with

SSRIs

Mi Sun is with her family meeting with a psychiatrist to decide on treatment for her newly diagnosed schizoaffective disorder. Which of the following is the psychiatrist's most likely primary recommendation as they get started?

Second generation antipsychotic and family education

Taylor has been sick for as long as she can remember. Her mother almost never leaves her side and takes her to numerous doctors for a variety of ailments. Taylor had several surgeries, including having her gallbladder removed and being placed on a feeding tube at one point. When Taylor went to summer camp one year, miraculously all her symptoms disappeared. However, when she returned home with her mother, they began again, along with some new physical complaints. Doctors are starting to get suspicious that there is something else going on with Taylor's illnesses and that her mother is responsible for her getting sick. What scenario seems most likely in this case?

Taylor's mother suffers from factitious disorder imposed on another.

Yasmin is experiencing significant psychotic symptoms since a recent traumatic event. A family member brings her in for evaluation. What is the most important decision that needs to be made as soon as her diagnosis is clarified?

The intensity of her symptoms and whether hospitalization or outpatient treatment is best for her.

z=x̅-μ/σx̅

Z-Score for Sample Mean

Studies have shown the highest rates of excoriation disorder in patients with

anxiety disorders.

Keisha wants to be able to form close relationships, as she enjoys others and their affection and acceptance. She is so fearful of rejection and negative criticism, however, that she does not try to form friendships. She tends to do her own thing, which follows a predictable and stable schedule. Which personality disorder is Keisha most likely to be diagnosed with?

avoidant

Derrick's colleagues eat lunch together in the office and organize weekend barbecues and game nights. He chooses to eat alone, and does not go to any of the weekend events, despite being invited to each of them. It's not that he doesn't want to make friends in his office, because he does. He is just so afraid of being rejected by them that he avoids socializing all together. Derrick would most likely be diagnosed with

avoidant personality disorder.

Individuals with this disorder have a significant disturbance in eating or feeding, associated with an apparent lack of interest in eating or food.

avoidant/restrictive food intake Individuals with ARFID have a significant disturbance in eating or feeding, associated with an apparent lack of interest in eating or food.

Which theoretical perspective views the causes of phobias to be based on the individual's faulty inferences and overgeneralizations?

cognitive-behavioral

This type of therapy helps patients recognize, avoid, and cope with the situations where they are most likely to use drugs.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question Individuals with PTSD experience alterations in a particular portion of the brain that is responsible for

consolidating memory.

Louise's job performance has been getting worse. Her supervisor calls her into the office and tells her that she needs to be to work on time and get her assigned work done. Louise says, "No, I don't. I'm waiting for reports from the Cabinet, and I can't be bothered with this minor stuff. I'm the President, and I have big things to decide, and I tell you what to do; the voters elected me, not you." Louise appears to be experiencing

delusions of grandeur.

Bianca is seen as an easy-going, but clingy person. She never disagrees with anyone and waits for other people to decide even the smallest things such as where to eat lunch. She has great difficulty initiating projects or doing things on her own, as she has very little confidence in herself. Bianca prefers to be around others, and feels very uncomfortable when she is alone. Which personality disorder would Bianca most likely be diagnosed with?

dependent

Petra has experienced repeated episodes during which she felt as if she were not real. During an interview with her therapist, she mentioned that she sometimes feels as if she is being controlled by forces outside her. Petra is most likely to be diagnosed with

depersonalization disorder

People who feign physical disorders to collect insurance money or disability benefits are

engaged in malingering

Sheila, a 26-year-old single female, who lives with her family, was admitted to an outpatient department of psychiatry. Sheila suffered from childhood sexual abuse when she was nine years old. The abuse lasted for four years. She presented complaints of excessive skin scratching of the fingers, forearms, and upper back for the last three years. However, in the past two years, the picking has been a daily routine, which was associated with emotional stress, followed by a feeling of relief after picking. She had been treated by her general practitioner and dermatologist for approximately two years, although none of the therapies provided a complete clinical result. Eventually, Sheila was diagnosed as having

excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder is classified as an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, and criteria for diagnosis include recurring skin-picking episodes that result in skin lesions and repeated attempts to stop the behavior. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment (affecting the person socially, occupationally, emotionally, etc.) and are not caused by a substance (drug or otherwise) or dermatological condition, nor are they better explained by another psychiatric disorder.

Individuals suffering from dysthymic disorder typically suffer from some of the same symptoms as people with major depressive disorder but with dysthymic disorder do not

experience as many severe depressive symptoms

Question The DSM-5 is used to classify and diagnose mental disorders. What is NOT included in the text? comorbidity and risk factors associated with disorders comorbidity and risk factors associated with disorders explanations for the causes of the disorders explanations for the causes of the disorders prevalence information for each disorder prevalence information for each disorder the diagnostic criteria for over twenty categories of disorders

explanations for the causes of the disorders

Carlos used to enjoy bowling, but since he returned from active duty, the sound of the ball hitting the pins and the sound of the pins falling, is bringing back vivid memories of combat. Carlos is experiencing

flashbacks

Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months.

higher;lower

Mamoudo has such a vast collection of items that he must walk through narrow pathways in his small home. These paths are walled high with items—stacks and stacks of books, magazines, boxes, etc. He has had difficulty navigating in his own home due to his increasing weight since he often orders pizza and wings because he can no longer access his kitchen. Based on the description of symptoms alone, Mamoudou most likely has which disorder?

hoarding disorder

"Nurture has a greater influence on determining the potential outcomes of one's life. Ideals such as unconditional positive regard can play a big role in healthy development, and events such as abuse and neglect can lead to mental health issues and emotional concerns." Which psychological perspective does this statement reflect?

humanistic The humanistic perspective rejects the idea of biological determinism and states that one's environment and other aspects of nurture have the greatest influence on one's life choices and behaviors.

Not to be confused with daytime sleepiness, this pathological state is characterized by a lack of alertness during the waking episodes of the day.

hypersomnia

An individual who displays an excessive need for admiration, a complete lack of empathy for others, and the belief they are superior to others and deserve special treatment would be diagnosed with which of the following personality disorders?

narcissistic This personality disorder is characterized by a complete lack of regard for others, the constant need for attention and admiration, and the belief that one is superior and more important than others and should be treated as such.

Bryant loves to go out to parties so that he can show himself off to everyone. He spends several hours getting ready for the party to make sure he looks his absolute best. He expects free drinks, and everyone to compliment him and pay him attention at the party. He believes he is more important and intelligent than anyone else who will be there, and plans to boast about his latest work achievements all night. Bryant is likely diagnosed with which of the following?

narcissistic personality disorder

Although the cause of this disorder is not completely understood, current research suggests it may be the result of a combination of factors working together to cause a lack of hypocretin, including autoimmune disorders, family history, and brain injuries.

narcolepsy

Seventeen-year-old Sheri often felt very depressed and hopeless. She had several oddities at home—rearranging cutlery and turning light switches on and off—and these oddities caused annoyance with family members. She had always tried to live up to every standard (academic, religious, familial) that was placed upon her. Before every exam, she lined up her pencils, erasers, and notebooks exactly the same way, each two fingers apart. She felt a strong urge to complete this task because if she didn't, she would fail her exam. At times, the thought of failing and believing that she is a failure and therefore incapable of success made her ill. Her mother took her to see a counselor. What could be Sheri's diagnosis?

obsessive-compulsive disorder Sheri shows signs of obsessions (unwanted thoughts: in this case, fear of failure and believing that she is a failure and is incapable of success) and rituals (arranging pencils a certain way, rearranging cutlery, and turning light switches on and off).

Jackson's family is becoming more and more concerned about his eating habits. Jackson is seven years old, but can't be left alone in his room because he has started eating away at his mattress. Jackson's Mom thought he would just outgrow this odd behavior, but now she is starting to see chunks of the mattress in the toilet when he goes to the bathroom. His Mom made an appointment to see a doctor because this has been going on for several months and she's worried the mattress buildup may start blocking his internal organs. Which eating disorder may Jackson have?

pica

This disorder is most commonly seen in pregnant women, small children, vitamin-deficient children, malnourished children, and people with intellectual disabilities.

pica

Which of the following is implicit in all behavioral techniques adopted by clinicians?

positive reinforcement

Which disorder is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) but is more serious and causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a woman's period starts?

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Which of the following is considered to be a biological risk factor for the development of autism spectrum disorder?

prenatal complications such as a mother using prescription drugs during pregnancy There are several prenatal complications that can cause autism spectrum disorder such as using prescription drugs during pregnancy, maternal gestational diabetes, or maternal and paternal age is over 30 years old.

Freud and his colleagues focused on the unconscious, which they believed used defense mechanisms to help people cope with the anxiety they may feel about something in their life they cannot address directly. They believed that negative emotions were manifested into dissociations or functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder), where the physical symptoms of psychological distress were displayed. Which perspective is this?

psychodynamic

Terrance has increasingly become more impulsive in his behaviors, as well as exhibiting troubling behaviors. Terrance realized his behavior is becoming harder to control, so he decided to discuss his symptoms with a medical professional. Terrance would have been assessed using a standardized test. standardized test. personality test. personality test. psychological assessment. psychological assessment. psychogenic test.

psychological assessment.

Which of the following refer to situations in which a client's physical illness is adversely affected by one or more psychological states?

psychological factors affecting other medical conditions

Kurtis has been having difficulties in school. He has trouble focusing on his work and rarely finishes a task. He is easily distracted and is more likely to be fidgeting at his desk and daydreaming than he is to be working on an assignment. Kurtis has a lot of energy that leads to behaviors such as calling out in class and sometimes being physically aggressive to his classmates. Which of the following treatments would best help Kurtis based on his symptoms?

psychopharmacological medications and behavioral therapy

Which of the following drugs is associated with antipsychotic medication?

repiridone

Sade is part of a work team where everyone is friends and enjoys hanging out together on the weekends. His co-workers have extended invitations to join them; however, Sade always declines and shows no emotion in his response. Sade prefers to be by himself, and does not have any close friends or relationships. He would likely be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

schizoid personality disorder

Jacob's thoughts and perceptions are distorted, and he has a hard time functioning in normal life due to his insistence that he has superpowers. He most likely has ________.

schizophrenia

Devin was convinced that people were following him. He started hearing voices, and would stare out the window for hours without moving. He eventually dropped out of school and lost his job because of the paranoia. Devin most likely has

schizophrenia. Devin seems to be displaying the positive symptoms of delusions and audible hallucinations, and the negative symptom of catatonia, that make it difficult for him to function, consistent with schizophrenia.

Kyle does not have any close friends, mainly due to an underlying suspicion of others and social anxiety. He believes he can communicate with aliens and spirits, and anytime he tries to talk to people, they find it difficult to follow what he is saying. Which of the following personality disorders would Kyle most likely be diagnosed with?

schizotypal

Michael has recently told his coworkers that he possesses the ability to read minds and therefore he knows that they have been talking about him before he gets to work. They have told him this isn't so and that they like him, but he holds firm on his suspicions and does not believe them. He scribbles notes all day on his notepad of the things he can hear them say with his telepathic ability. Michael is showing signs of which personality disorder?

schizotypal

Which of the following disorders is a child likely to develop after experiencing a natural or manmade disaster?

separation anxiety disorder

one of the most effective treatments for OCD is the class of

serotonin reuptake inhibiting drugs

Question Individuals with ________ are at greater risk for suicide than the general population.

substance abuse problems

Suicidal risk is especially high among people with ________. Individuals with alcohol dependence are at 10 times greater risk for suicide than the general population

substance abuse problems

Which of the following is true of major depressive disorders

the sufferer experiences acute periods of depressive symptoms

Which of the following organizations has established guidelines for psychological practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients? American Psychological Association American Psychological Association American Psychiatric Association American Psychiatric Association American Association of Christian Counselors American Association of Christian Counselors American Medical Association

American Psychological Association

Donnie suffered many unexplained illnesses in his childhood that seemed to only be present when he was in his father's care. His father would take him to all his doctors' appointments, and Donnie observed his father lying about his symptoms on multiple occasions. One time Donnie even woke up to his father trying to smother him with a pillow. Donnie's parents divorced and he now lives with his mother and doesn't show any more signs of illness. In this scenario, ________ was the victim while ________ was the perpetrator who showed signs of ________.

Donnie; his father; factitious disorder imposed on another

The ________ reviews research conducted using animal subjects. United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

Felix is a graduate student working on his dissertation about the sleep-dissociation model and the outlooks for dissociative disorders. He believes that both the sleep-dissociation model and post-traumatic model can be implicated into one structure in which childhood trauma may lead to problems in sleep, which could be a final common route to dissociations. What would Felix most likely include in his dissertation about the sleep-dissociation model and its implications for dissociative disorders?

The sleep-dissociation model may explain how traumatic experiences disrupt the sleep-wake cycle and increase vulnerability to dissociative symptoms.

Select the best response regarding the treatment of adjustment disorder.

There has been little systematic research regarding the best way to manage individuals with an adjustment disorder. However, AD sufferers with depressive or anxiety symptoms may benefit from treatments usually used for depressive or anxiety disorders. One study found that AD sufferers received similar interventions to those with other psychiatric diagnoses, including psychological therapy and medication. However, there has been little systematic research regarding the best way to manage individuals with an adjustment disorder. Because natural recovery is the norm, it has been argued that there is no need to intervene unless levels of risk or distress are high.

Dr. Jones does not feel that he has the necessary competence to effectively treat Robin's condition. He gives Robin the name and phone number of another therapist. Dr. Jones has provided Robin with a resource. a resource. a supervisor. a supervisor. a reference. a reference. a referral.

a referral.

PTSD learning models suggest that some symptoms are developed and maintained through

classical conditioning. PTSD learning models suggest that some symptoms are developed and maintained through classical conditioning. The traumatic event may act as an unconditioned stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response characterized by extreme fear and anxiety. Cognitive, emotional, physiological, and environmental cues accompanying or related to the event are conditioned stimuli. These traumatic reminders evoke conditioned responses (extreme fear and anxiety) similar to those caused by the event itself.

Mohammed often feels like he's watching himself in a dream and feels detached from his own emotions. What symptom of dissociation is Mohammed most likely experiencing?

depersonalization

Moe often spaces out at work to the point that his coworkers are starting to notice. He describes the experience as watching himself completing his work tasks outside of his body and cannot always distinguish what is real or not in his environment. What disorder does Moe appear to be suffering from?

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Which is defined by prejudicial attitudes and discrimination against individuals who experience mental illness? psychopathic psychopathic maladaptive maladaptive stigma stigma psychosis

stigma

Carrie was bullied terribly by her peers for years. When she went to the prom, she noticed that she felt like an outside observer of herself and disconnected from her own memories and feelings. When watching her classmates dance and have fun, she felt like she was in a movie and detached from her surroundings. What disorder does Carrie appear to be experiencing symptoms of?

depersonalization/derealization disorder Carrie appears to show symptoms of depersonalization where she is disconnected from her own feelings and memories as well as derealization where she is detached from the external world.

José witnessed a major earthquake that destroyed his home, leaving him and his family temporarily homeless. He cannot recall many details about the earthquake and what he did afterwards to survive. José appears to be experiencing symptoms of

dissociative amnesia. José experienced a traumatic event that caused some partial memory loss of the situation.

Ali witnessed several of his family members being killed during a military invasion. He left home for weeks and assumed a new identity as a result of the trauma. Eventually, he was able to recall who he was as he returned home and grieved the loss of his deceased family. What does Ali appear to be suffering from?

dissociative fugue

A middle-aged woman was experiencing significant distress in her life and reported recurrent gaps in memory for everyday events. When she was evaluated at her local mental health center, she described her distinct personalities as Shakira, Milly, and the "other one." What disorder does she appear to have?

dissociative identity disorder This woman presents with two or more distinct identities and has recurrent gaps of information in her life that are causing significant distress.

Maya was sexually abused by a family friend when she was a child. For a long period of time after the abuse, she became mute and couldn't speak, despite there being nothing wrong with her vocal cords. She eventually regained her speech back and became a renowned singer. What disorder did she appear to suffer from?

functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

Juan grew up in a family that was constantly concerned about death and dying. Juan is not showing any signs of illness, but over the past year has become increasingly anxious that he might develop heart disease or die from a heart attack. Despite normal lab test results from his doctor, Juan is still convinced he could become fatally ill. What disorder does Juan appear to be suffering from?

illness anxiety disorder

Question Julie's family has a long history of serious medical conditions and hospitalizations. She has always been in good health, but for the last six months has worried incessantly that she may develop a brain tumor despite having no symptoms of illness. She keeps doctor shopping in hopes that someone will find something wrong with her, but despite doctors telling her she is fine, she has become even more anxious. What disorder does Julie appear to suffer from?

illness anxiety disorder

Angelica was recently diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and feels upset because she feels like she now will be stereotyped with other individuals that have BPD, and people will expect her to act a certain way. Angelica's concerns coincide with ________, which some use as a criticism against the DSM-5. a dimensional approach a dimensional approach labeling theory labeling theory the multiaxial system the multiaxial system a categorical approach

labeling theory

Drew took an introduction psychology course and was very interested in testing for research. Drew was curious as to how extroverted and conscientious he was and decided to take a/an ________ to determine these items. neuropsychological test neuropsychological test intelligence and achievement test intelligence and achievement test clinical observation clinical observation personality test

personality test

Wardell has visited doctors for many years about a variety of ailments ranging from gastrointestinal problems to pain in his back and legs. None of his doctors could find anything conclusive to attribute his physical complaints to. Wardell has become increasingly anxious about the symptoms, which has impacted his ability to find work and caused difficulties in his personal relationships. His primary care physician referred him to a psychologist for further evaluation. Which diagnosis does Wardell appear to be showing symptoms of?

somatic symptom disorder

Until more modern times, psychological disorders were often viewed as socially constructed phenomenon. socially constructed phenomenon. supernatural phenomenon. scientifically explainable. scientifically explainable. common behavior.

supernatural phenomenon.

Professor Patel gave a lecture in class about the correlations between sleep disturbances and dissociations. What point would she mostly likely make in her discussion of the sleep-dissociation model?

According to Watson (2001), researchers have suggested that dissociative symptoms, such as absorption, derealization, and depersonalization begin due to sleep.

Miyuki knows that second-generation antipsychotic medications are considered "first-line" treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. So why is there a need for psychotherapeutic treatments such as CET and others?

Antipsychotics reduce active and sometimes passive symptoms but can't address skill deficits.

Question This disorder is not regularly followed by activities intended to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative or enema misuse, or strenuous exercise.

Binge eating episodes are not regularly followed by activities intended to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative or enema misuse, or strenuous exercise.

Beth has been worried lately after taking an Introductory Psychology class and finding out about psychological disorders. Beth disclosed that her worry is the fact that both her parents have been depressed in the past and her mom also suffers from anxiety. During a lecture, Beth's professor disclosed that there could be up to a 50% chance of children of parents that suffer from anxiety and/or depression. Which perspective would focus on this example of depression and anxiety?

Biological

Jack is a 19-year-old artist. About once per year, he has a period of several days where he feels on top of the world, like he can do anything. During these times, he needs very little sleep--he can feel energized after only 2 or 3 hours of sleep. He frantically paints during these times and feels exceptionally creative. People who know him tell him that he is not acting like his usual self, and they also notice that he is much more talkative than usual. He spends all his time painting and neglects his work.

Bipolar Disorder

Malike has been showing impulsive behavior for the past 48 hours and has not slept at all. Malike decides all of a sudden to clean out his bank account and fly to Las Vegas with $20,000 in cash to gamble with, as he feels good that he is going to win it big by gambling. These characteristics shown by Malike are associated with which disorder?

Bipolar I

what is correct about the incidence of bipolar disorder in the gen pop

Bipolar disorder can cause people to experience a range of mood

Veronica is overly conscious about a mole on her right cheek that she has had since birth. She wakes up early every morning and spends several hours before the mirror applying make-up on the mole before going out. Veronica's behavior is most likely to be associated with which of the following disorders?

Body dysmorphic disorder

Which of the following is true regarding reactive attachment disorder?

Children who have experienced an abuse pattern of social neglect and repeated changes of primary caregivers in their early years are likely to develop reactive attachment disorder.

Darcy is concerned that her company has installed hidden cameras inside the office to spy on her and her coworkers. Even though her coworkers assured her that wasn't the case, Darcy is working on a plan to set up counter-surveillance to catch them in the act. Which personality disorder cluster would best fit Darcy's behavior?

Cluster A

John told his brother that his house had been broken into, and that cameras and microphones were set up to record him. Even after his brother came and checked the house to find no evidence, John proceeded to install cameras of his own to catch the perpetrators in the act. John would best fit into which cluster of personality disorders?

Cluster A

After some time in the hospital and in residential treatment, Breyonna has begun to participate in a treatment where she participates in structured group activities to practice interacting with others, being able to understand them, and resolve conflicts; she also spends time on the computer participating in exercises and therapeutic games that are designed to strengthen her ability to concentrate, process information, and problem-solve. What type of treatment program is she in?

Cognitive Enhancement Therapy CET is focused on enhancing cognitive skills, preventing loss of grey matter in the brain, and fostering social cognition.

________ is a mental disorder, lasting for more than one year in children and two years in adults, and involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of hypomania. Symptoms, however, are not sufficient to be a major depressive episode or a hypomanic episode.

Cyclothymic disorder Cyclothymic disorder is a mental disorder that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of hypomania. Symptoms, however, are not sufficient to be a major depressive episode or a hypomanic episode. Symptoms must last for more than one year in children and two years in adults.

Toby was brought into the Emergency Room with psychotic symptoms after a prolonged binge. After some investigation, the doctor diagnoses him with Alcohol-Induced Psychosis. This is apparently Toby's second episode. After prescribing the use of a second generation antipsychotic drug and evaluating suicidal risk, what would probably be the next best treatment decision for Toby?

Detox followed by residential treatment in a program that deals with dual diagnosis patients Detox will help him get ready for treatment, and residential care will be important since he is at risk of further psychotic episodes.

Which of the following statements explains the development of personality disorders according to the psychodynamic perspective?

Early childhood experiences and other unconscious factors cause the development of personality disorders.

Adhita is writing a paper on schizophrenia for her class. In discussing the differing hypotheses about the cause of schizophrenia, which sentence below would be the most accurate to include in her paper?

Early studies suggested that an excess of dopamine in the brain produced psychotic symptoms. Early studies suggested too much dopamine might be generating psychotic symptoms; more recent studies have shown other neurotransmitters such as serotonin and glutamate may also be involved.

Jenny is seven years old and has little control over her bladder. She has wet herself both at school and at night while she's sleeping several times a week for several weeks now. She is beyond the normal age for being able to attain bladder control and has no other physical or medical conditions. Jenny would be diagnosed with

Enuresis is diagnosed when a child is at least five years old and experiences repeated bed or clothing wetting that occurs twice a week for at least three consecutive weeks.

Every day after classes, Fahari goes and sits at a bus stop across the street from a house where a young married man lives that she is convinced is in love with her. She waits for him to send a signal of his love for her and has started putting love notes in his mailbox. The two of them have never met, and the young man does not know who she is. What type of delusion is Fahari experiencing?

Erotomanic delusions involve the belief that someone else is in love with the person with the delusion.

Lidia is thinking about stopping her antipsychotic medication because of the side effects that she is experiencing. She noticed herself showing her teeth when speaking and times when her tongue sticks out without any effort on her part. Sitting watching TV she has also felt times when her neck started moving on its own. What types of side effects is she experiencing?

Extrapyramidal

Fatima is experiencing symptoms of depersonalization. According to research supporting the sleep-dissociation model, which scenario is most likely to be true for her?

Fatima's depersonalization symptoms are the worst when she is tired.

Mia was diagnosed with schizophrenia about 10 year ago, and she has shown ongoing symptoms ever since. Mia struggles to deal with abstract concepts, has trouble planning, focusing attention, and solving problems. It is likely that the grey matter in which part of her brain has been strongly affected?

Frontal lobe

To be diagnosed with a mild alcohol use disorder, a person must display at least two symptoms of the 11 listed in the DSM-5. Which of the following is NOT a question posed in one of the DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder?

Have you had at least one drink once a week for over a year? This is not a question posed in the DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder.

After an initial interview with Spencer, the psychologist meets with him and his family. He tells them that Spencer appears to be experiencing positive symptoms of schizophrenia. What does he mean by this?

He is demonstrating unusual and uncommon thoughts or behaviors.

Doris is a shy, eccentric 60-year-old woman living alone following the death of her mother, with whom she had lived for her whole life. At her mother's funeral, her brother Todd and his wife Cynthia try to persuade her to sell the house, especially the possessions that Doris has collected and saved over the years. Most of the items are of no value, except for sentimental reasons they cannot understand. The clutter has become hazardous, as Doris herself can hardly move through the house. There isn't anywhere to sit anymore, but Doris can manage to get to her bed, where she spends most of her time. One day, fed up, Todd and Cynthia arrive with Doris's therapist, planning on decluttering her house, but when Cynthia tries to throw out a pencil, Doris angrily throws them out of her house. Which of the following disorders is Doris likely to have?

Hoarding disorder People with hoarding disorder (HD) cannot bear to part with personal possessions, regardless of how valueless or useless these possessions are. Hoarders accumulate excessive amounts of usually worthless items that clutter their living areas. Often, the quantity of cluttered items is so excessive that the person is unable to use their kitchen or sleep in their bed. People who suffer from this disorder have great difficulty parting with items because they believe the items might be of some later use or because they form a sentimental attachment to the items.

Which of the following is true of the placebo condition? Ideally, the researchers would want the placebo participants to receive treatments of a different frequency and duration than the experimental group participants who are receiving psychotherapy do. Ideally, the researchers would want the placebo participants to receive treatments of a different frequency and duration than the experimental group participants who are receiving psychotherapy do. If the study is evaluating the effectiveness of therapy, psychologists must design the placebo in a way that is very similar to, but not the same as the actual therapy. If the study is evaluating the effectiveness of therapy, psychologists must design the placebo in a way that is very similar to, but not the same as the actual therapy. In a placebo condition, participants receive no treatment at all, or receive a treatment that is substantially different from the experimental treatment. In a placebo condition, participants receive no treatment at all, or receive a treatment that is substantially different from the experimental treatment. Studies evaluating therapy effectiveness rarely have a placebo condition.

If the study is evaluating the effectiveness of therapy, psychologists must design the placebo in a way that is very similar

Question Which of the following is true with regard to habit reversal training (HRT)? In HRT, the individual learns a new response to compete with troublesome behaviors caused by a number of conditions, such as hairpulling and skin-picking disorders. HRT is a form of psychological treatment in which the individual is simultaneously exposed to a stimulus and a condition causing discomfort. HRT involves exposure and response prevention to situations that cause anxiety and cognitive restructuring of beliefs related to hoarding. In HRT, the client first identifies the things that trigger obsessive thoughts, such as external situations like people, places, or thoughts.

In HRT, the individual learns a new response to compete with troublesome behaviors caused by a number of conditions, such as hairpulling and skin-picking disorders.

James works at an office where everyone is friends and socializes outside of work. Although he's always invited, James always declines to join and shows no gratitude for or interest in the offer. He would rather go home and spend the night alone. James most closely fits the characteristics of which personality disorder?

Individuals with this disorder show little to no interest in socializing or forming intimate relationships with others. James appears to lack close friends and emotional expression.

The ________ is used more frequently for clinical diagnosis throughout the world, while the ________ is more valued for research. International Classification of Disease; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders International Classification of Disease; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders International Psychological Association Manual; American Standards of Diagnosis International Psychological Association Manual; American Standards of Diagnosis Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders; International Manual of Disorders Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders; International Manual of Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; International Classification of Diseases

International Classification of Disease; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which example below best demonstrates how someone might exhibit symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder? Davina considers herself a cosmetic fanatic and has an extensive collection of mascaras, eye shadows, lipsticks, etc. She is often experimenting with different colors to find the perfect look and always carries a compact mirror everywhere she goes. She never leaves the house without makeup, even to check the mail. Malik has a difficult time leaving his home to enjoy outings with his friends because they always want to go to bars or sports arenas; places that Malik views as filthy. He is very concerned about contaminants and washes his hands so frequently that, on occasion, they become raw and he needs to apply a special ointment to heal them. Additionally, when he does leave the house, it's never without hand sanitizer. Paulo has recently started a new exercise routine and now all he talks about is working out, protein drinks, and burning fat. His friends think he's overdoing it and though he admits this is his new obsession, he doesn't want to stop. He enjoys how the workout makes him feel and often glances at his reflection in car windows or storefronts. Kit is 53 years old and works as a nurse in a retirement home. She never married and has always felt that men were turned off because of the shape of her nose, which she considers to be unusually large and crooked. Despite being reassured by friends and family members that her nose looks normal and that she is fairly attractive, she is overly conscious of the shape of her nose and thinks it negatively affects her overall appearance.

Kit is 53 years old and works as a nurse in a retirement home. She never married and has always felt that men were turned off because of the shape of her nose, which she considers to be unusually large and crooked. Despite being reassured by friends and family members that her nose looks normal and that she is fairly attractive, she is overly conscious of the shape of her nose and thinks it negatively affects her overall appearance. BDDs perceived physical defects cause the person to think they are unattractive, ugly, hideous, or deformed. These preoccupations can focus on any bodily area, but they typically involve the skin, face, or hair. Kit's belief that the shape of her nose is a flaw in her physical appearance, so much so that men find her unattractive whereas her friends and family consider her nose normal, is a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder. Past research also found that individuals with BDD are less likely to be married than those without BDD.

Lucy's family doctor thinks she should visit a psychologist as he suspects she has somatic symptom disorder. What would fit some of the criteria for a diagnosis for SSD for Lucy?

Lucy has physical pain in several parts of her body.

Bill is a clinical psychologist. He wants to use a test in his practice that will help him identify possible risk factors for alcohol use, depression, and schizophrenia. Which assessment should he use? Rorschach Inkblot Test Rorschach Inkblot Test MMPI MMPI Big Five personality test Big Five personality test TAT

MMPI

Those that show consistent symptoms of major depressive disorder as well as persistent depressive disorder would be helped MOST by which of the following treatments?

Medication and cognitive behavioral therapy

Roald is a clinician. A new patient has been admitted to the hospital for evaluation when he threatened his girlfriend and repeatedly telling her that he knew she was cheating on him. Roald has determined that in order to diagnose the patient, he needs to differentiate between delusional disorder and schizophrenia. Which one of the following situations would contribute to Roald diagnosing delusional disorder?

On the unit, the patient functions well, gets along, and does not show any unusual behaviors.

contribute to the most lethal drug epidemic in American history.

Opioids

Recently, researchers are focusing on alternative strategies like interpersonal therapy and mantra repetition to treat clients suffering from

PTSD

For the past 12 years, Ryan has suffered from flashbacks in which he relives the horrors of his nine months of active duty while he was deployed in Iraq. While in Iraq, Ryan witnessed and experienced a number of traumatic incidents. He spoke about fellow soldiers who were killed and injured in service and talked about survivor's guilt. One of his most vivid memories involves a convoy that he witnessed being hit by improvised explosive devices. He has flashbacks that occur unexpectedly in the middle of the day, and Ryan is thrown back into the emotional reality of his war experiences. Ryan has found that alcohol provides the only escape that he needs when he feels distressed about the flashbacks. Ryan has developed which disorder?

PTSD For a person to be diagnosed with PTSD, they be must exposed to, witness, or experience the details of a traumatic experience, one that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. These experiences can include such events as combat. Symptoms of PTSD include intrusive and distressing memories of the event, flashbacks, avoidance of stimuli connected to the event, persistently negative emotional states (e.g., guilt), feelings of detachment from others, irritability, proneness toward outbursts, and an exaggerated startle response (jumpiness). For PTSD to be diagnosed, these symptoms must occur for at least one month.

Keyon has been experiencing extrapyramidal side effects from his antipsychotic medication that concern him greatly. What types of side effects is Keyon most likely experiencing?

Pain in his muscles, restlessness, and repetitive shrugging that he can't control. These are EPS symptoms related to akathisia and dystonia.

Which of the following is true of Body dysmorphic disorder BDD

People with BDD tend to constantly seek reassurance from other about how they look

Which of the following statements best describe the psychodynamic perspective in regards to OCD?

People with OCD have unconscious conflict that they are trying to cope with, and this conflict comes from a clash between the id (usually a sexual or aggressive urge) and the superego (the desire to do the right thing and follow socially acceptable behavior). This best describes the psychodynamic perspective. When there is an imbalance of the interacting parts of our personality, the psychodynamic approach says that we are likely suffering from neurosis (a tendency to experience negative emotions), anxiety disorders, or unhealthy behaviors.

Maggie is a 27-year-old waitress. For the past 2 years, she hasn't felt quite like herself. Most days, she feels down in the dumps. She finds herself eating a bit more than she would like to, usually snacks in the evening. Sometimes, she has trouble falling asleep at night and feels tired the next day.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Marlena is using the cognitive perspective in attempting to understand the symptoms of schizophrenia. This means that she is focusing on what types of issues and concerns?

Problems with processing speed and memory issues

Roland is anxious and upset. The psychologist he went to see just explained the assessment results and told him that he has schizoaffective disorder. Roland says, "What caused this? How could this happen?" What is the most accurate answer the psychologist could give?

Right now, we don't have a specific answer; it is probably due to a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and social factors. There have not been enough studies to determine a specific etiology for schizoaffective disorder yet.

Select the best response regarding the treatment of adjustment disorder. Meditation can help manage stress and anxiety, therefore proving to be the best treatment of adjustment disorder (AD). Medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have been proven to be the most effective in treating symptoms of adjustment disorder (AD). There has been little systematic research regarding the best way to manage individuals with an adjustment disorder. However, AD sufferers with depressive or anxiety symptoms may benefit from treatments usually used for depressive or anxiety disorders. Psychotherapy, also called talk therapy, is considered the most effective, first-choice treatment for adjustment disorder (AD).

There has been little systematic research regarding the best way to manage individuals with an adjustment disorder. However, AD sufferers with depressive or anxiety symptoms may benefit from treatments usually used for depressive or anxiety disorders. One study found that AD sufferers received similar interventions to those with other psychiatric diagnoses, including psychological therapy and medication. However, there has been little systematic research regarding the best way to manage individuals with an adjustment disorder. Because natural recovery is the norm, it has been argued that there is no need to intervene unless levels of risk or distress are high

Angelo is a 14-year-old boy who has been experiencing unwanted involuntary behaviors. He uncontrollably blinks his eyes, tilts his neck, clears his throat, and wiggles his fingers. Some of these symptoms have been present since he was a child, but have increased in frequency and severity with age. Angelo is embarrassed by his behaviors and experiences significant distress and anxiety about being negatively judged and made fun of. Which disorder would Angelo most likely be diagnosed with?

Tourette's syndrome

Steve has brought his son in for evaluation because his son has begun to say very strange things about being persecuted and at times when he speaks, his sentences do not make any logical sense. This has been going for about a week, and the family has no history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. After assessment, assuming that Steve's son may be suffering from brief psychotic disorder, what treatment approach would you suggest be considered first?

Use of second-generation antipsychotic medication with follow-up for several months. Correct! The first line of treatment is use of newer antipsychotics to relieve positive symptoms with follow-up to make sure remission occurs.

Santiago is talking to a friend about the module on schizophrenia in his psychopathology course. The friend says, "That's the one they always show in the movies, right? It's the one that's like a disease and you just inherit it and can't do anything about it, right?" What is the most accurate reply Santiago can make to inform his friend?

Well, genetics are involved, but it's complicated and psychological and other influences are also important.

Dissociative identity disorder

a dissociative disorder formerly called multiple personality disorder, in which an individual develops more than one self or personality

Lashon was violently attacked in a dark parking lot after work a week ago. Her assaulter took her purse and her car and left her for dead. She is constantly re-experiencing the event through images, dreams, thoughts, and flashbacks. She finds herself avoiding situations that might make her think about the trauma, but she is still so anxious that she cannot concentrate or sleep. Lashon is likely suffering from

acute stress disorder. Lashon experienced a traumatic event two days ago with many symptoms of acute stress disorder. Acute stress disorder is similar to PTSD, but describes a disorder that lasts between three days and one month of a traumatic event. After one month, a diagnosis of acute stress disorder would be considered PTSD. The diagnostic symptoms are similar to that of PTSD; intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal, beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred.

Richard, an aspiring actor, moved to L.A. after graduation and immediately began feeling a sense of anxiety and dread about surviving in the big city. He experienced somewhat frequent outbursts of anger and frustration and had a hard time controlling his feelings of overwhelm. He sought counseling, where he was likely diagnosed with

adjustment disorder.

Inpatient treatment, or a highly structured outpatient program, is recommended for

adult patients who have lost 15% of set point body weight.

Individuals with dissociative identity disorder have learned to cope with extremely stressful life circumstances by creating _____ personalities that unconsciously control their thinking and behavior when they are experiencing stress.

alter

Three criteria must be met in order for a diagnosis of intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability) to be made, including limitations in mental abilities and adaptive behaviors. The formal diagnosis is determined by the use of

an IQ assessment and a test of adaptive behavior. These tests are given to children who are displaying symptoms and diagnostic criteria in order to assess their level of functioning and intelligence, and to what severity.

Frank is in his 30s now, but has a long history of violating others, beginning in middle childhood. He tends to manipulate other people for his own personal satisfaction. It makes him feel superior and more intelligent than everyone else. He never feels guilty if he lies or deceives someone, even if they are hurt by it. Which of the following personality disorders would most accurately reflect Frank's behaviors?

antisocial personality disorder

William is not a trustworthy person, as he has the tendency to lie and deceive others in order to manipulate them to do what he wants them to. William does not feel any guilt or remorse if he says or does something to hurt someone, and also has the tendency to violate the rights of others. William is displaying characteristics of

antisocial personality disorder. An individual with antisocial personality disorder shows a complete disregard for the rights and safety of others, and often uses methods of manipulation and lies in order to get what they want.

Even in small doses, stimulants cause a decrease in

appetite

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy is a learning-based, behavioral approach that is effective in helping develop appropriate social behaviors and language skills in children with which neurodevelopmental disorder?

autism spectrum disorder ABA therapy helps children with autism learn independent living skills such as brushing their teeth and making their bed, and is also effective in helping them develop adaptive social and language behaviors such as holding a conversation.

Eight-year-old Rubio does not play with his classmates, and when he does have to interact with them he tends to get frustrated and doesn't understand how to interact with them. Even at home, Rubio doesn't initiate or reciprocate feelings of affection and tends to have a lack of emotional expression. Rubio has developed a special interest in trees and knows many of their names, growing locations, leaf types, and any other relevant information. He also has a large vocabulary and does well on his school assignments. Rubio is most likely diagnosed with

autism spectrum disorder.

Building an association between the bedroom and sleep by limiting the type of activities allowed in the bedroom is an example of which type of approach to treating sleep disorders?

behavioral approach

_____ is an interdisciplinary approach to medical conditions affected by psychological factors that is rooted in learning theory.

behavioral medicine

What is the main treatment of rumination disorder?

behavioral therapy The main treatment of rumination disorder is behavioral therapy. Treatment may involve habitat reversal strategies, relaxation, diaphragmatic breathing, and biofeedback.

Nearly all people with narcolepsy who have ________ have extremely low levels of the naturally occurring chemical hypocretin, which promotes wakefulness and regulates REM sleep.

cataplexy Nearly all people with narcolepsy who have cataplexy have extremely low levels of the naturally occurring chemical hypocretin, which promotes wakefulness and regulates REM sleep.

Disordered patterns of perceiving and relating to the world may develop as a means of protection during childhood and reflects which of the following theoretical perspectives of personality disorders?

cognitive

The difference b/n behaviorally oriented therapy and cognitively based therapy is

cognitive based looks at the client's dysfuntional thoughts and tries to change them by cognitive reconstruction.

One of the most common treatments for sleep apnea involves

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device.

which of the following is an effect of using MAOIs?

it prolongs the life of neurotransmitters.

Rebecca is a smart little girl, but is struggling with her behavior. Although she's only five years old, Rebecca has been dismissed from two day care centers because of her frequent temper tantrums and inability to get along with the other kids. She is a bright child, but is often so irritable no one wants to be around her. Rebecca's parents want to try a different option to help Rebecca before she is asked to leave a third day care. Which of the following options would you recommend Rebecca's parents try?

cognitive-behavioral intervention This intervention has shown to be very effective in limiting the negative behaviors using contingency management. Through operant conditioning principles the program will reinforce the child's appropriate behavior, and through punishment (time out or ignoring the child) extinguish the behavior.

An emergency procedure for the involuntary hospitalization of a person who has symptoms of severe mental disorder and is likely to create harm for self or others is referred to as commitment. commitment. guardian ad litem. guardian ad litem. parens patriae. parens patriae. assisted outpatient treatment.

commitment.

Javier has been getting in trouble in school lately for bullying and physically assaulting other students. His principal has spoken to him several times, but he doesn't seem to care about getting in trouble as he doesn't believe the rules apply to him. He doesn't feel bad for hurting others and has also stolen and destroyed things in his school. Which of the following disorders would Javier most likely be diagnosed with?

conduct disorder

Ben is in the ninth grade and has recently been brought in for a psychological assessment and diagnostic evaluation of his behavioral issues. He gets in trouble both at home and at school, as he refuses to listen to the rules and to respect his authority figures. When interacting with his peers, he tends to be a bully, often acting in aggressive, dangerous, and harmful ways. He doesn't feel bad about his actions and continues to refuse to respect boundaries and rules. Ben is likely to be diagnosed with a/an

conduct disorder. Ben displays some of the key features of conduct disorder, including disrespecting rules and disregarding the rights and safety of others.

In DSM-5 trichotillomania belongs to the category that includes;

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

One of the most common treatments for sleep apnea involves

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. One of the most common treatments for sleep apnea involves the use of a special device during sleep, a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device.

Since the 1950s, researchers have noted that depressed individuals have abnormal levels of ________, a stress hormone released into the blood by the neuroendocrine system during times of stress.

cortisol

Denisha has experienced both depressive phases and hypomanic phases for at least two years and after speaking with her therapist, she is diagnosed with which mental disorder?

cyclothymia

Mood changes that range rom dysphoria to hypomania are characteristic of

cyclothymic disorder

Question Mark has not been using drugs or alcohol, but knows something is not quite right based on how he has been feeling for the past two years. He feels normal for about a month, but then either feels depressed or acts mildly to moderately impulsive. What could Mark be treated for based on this information?

cyclothymic disorder

Which of the following is less severe form of bipolar disorder

cyclothymic disorder

Miriam often daydreams in class, but lately she feels like the daydreaming has gone too far. She is having a hard time distinguishing what is real and what is not and even had an out-of-body experience where she was floating above her desk and watching herself take an exam. What disorder does Miriam appear to have symptoms of?

depersonalization/depersonalization disorder

An individual with schizoid personality disorder would display which of the following characteristics?

detachment from and disinterest in social relationships, a preference for being alone, and little to no emotional expression

Question Based on empirical evidence and scientific research studies, which of the following treatment protocols has specifically been developed to treat borderline personality disorder?

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Question The independent variable is the variable whose value is the outcome of the experimenter's manipulation. Which of the following is an example of independent variables in experimental research in abnormal psychology? physiological variables such as measures of physiological responses like heart rate, blood pressure, and brain wave activity physiological variables such as measures of physiological responses like heart rate, blood pressure, and brain wave activity different types of drug treatments for psychological treatments different types of drug treatments for psychological treatments self-report variables such as measures of anxiety and mood self-report variables such as measures of anxiety and mood behavioral variables such as measures of adjustment

different types of drug treatments for psychological treatments

Isabella is a 5-year-old child who was placed with a foster family after years of abuse and neglect. She has adjusted to her foster family, but her foster parents notice that she tends to engage in overly familiar behavior with people she has never even met—like running toward a neighbor that she has never met and jumping into his/her arms. A psychologist might assess whether Isabella has

disinhibited social engagement disorder.

Amanda is known as a difficult child, but her parents are having a difficult time figuring out what is wrong. Amanda is so irritable that she has trouble functioning at home and in school and often has temper tantrums five out of seven days. Which disorder may Amanda have?

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

The childhood disorder characterized by extreme irritability, anger, and frequent, intense temper outbursts is known as

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Dr. Gillian Davies, a clinical psychiatrist, is treating Samantha, a young woman in her twenties who seemed to have developed multiple selves. One of Samantha's alters claims to be a reclusive artist, while another alter is a flamboyant dancer. Dr. Davies is most likely treating Samantha for _____.

dissociative identity disorder

Colton is an average middle school student who has a good group of friends and enjoys practicing the drums and playing baseball. Despite this, he struggles with writing and has a hard time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?

dysgraphia

Terrance is in elementary school learning to read and write. He has been having a challenging time, as he tends to switch the letters and words around in sentences, and when writing he forms some letters backwards. Which of the following learning disabilities does Terrance most likely have?

dyslexia

Dorothea Dix argued for deinstitutionalization and better treatment and funding for housing the mentally ill, though treatments like ________ without anesthesia persisted, which often broke patients' backs. medication treatment medication treatment cognitive therapy cognitive therapy electroconvulsive therapy electroconvulsive therapy psychoanalytic therapy

electroconvulsive therapy

Dr. Miller is a practicing clinical psychologist. He went through a divorce last year and has been experiencing mood swings since then. He is often angry and his personal feelings have begun to affect the way he interacts with his clients. Which of the following roles and responsibilities would be in question in this case? education and training education and training knowledge and skill knowledge and skill emotional competence emotional competence duty to protect

emotional competence

The effects of cannabis are primarily

euphoria, altered sense of time, difficulty concentrating, impaired short-term memory, and an increase in appetite.

Josyel is asked by his therapist to talk about his traumatic experience and as he does, he tries to keep up with her finger as it moves back and forth rapidly. The therapist explained to him that this process will help him reprocess his memories to lessen the fear he has surrounding the traumatic event. What type of therapy is being used here?

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) This describes the practice of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

Janice had a small poodle named Sammy whom she appeared to dote on meticulously. Janice presented Sammy to the veterinarian numerous times over the past year with a variety of mysterious illnesses that the veterinarian could not find any medical explanation for. A next-door neighbor became concerned when she saw what appeared to be bleach being poured into Sammy's water bowl by Janice when she had him in her front yard. The neighbor also heard painful yelps coming from Sammy inside the house on many occasions. Eventually, the SPCA was called and Sammy was taken away from Janice. Sammy is doing really well in his new foster home and has no current health conditions. What diagnosis appears to be present and who would be diagnosed with it?

factitious disorder imposed on another; Janice

Lisa was abused by her father as a child and went to therapy for many years. She was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in her early 20s. Lisa has a dramatic but inconsistent medical history. She has been hospitalized on several occasions for symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, etc. She insists on getting medical tests and procedures that don't always seem warranted for her complaints. She reports that she had cancer as a child, but there are no medical records to confirm this. Once she was even caught by a nurse trying to heat up her own thermometer when her temperature was being taken. Lisa has been referred for a psychiatric evaluation by her current medical doctor. What diagnosis would a psychiatrist most likely make for Lisa?

factitious disorder imposed on self

Don cured his son's fear of the dark by simply pushing his son into a dark room and locking the door this type of treatment is called

flooding

The most common chromosomal cause of intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability) is

fragile X syndrome

Women with antisocial personality disorder are more likely than men with the same diagnosis to

frequently miss home or school and neglect responsibilities.

Which of the following treatment plans is most effective in the treatment of elimination disorders?

full spectrum home therapy

Which drugs could best be defined as psychoactive drugs that alter sensation and perception and that may create hallucinations?

hallucinogens The four primary classes of psychoactive drugs are stimulants, depressants, opioids, and hallucinogens. The drugs that produce the most extreme alteration of consciousness are the hallucinogens. Hallucinogens are defined as psychoactive drugs that alter sensation and perception and that may create hallucinations. The hallucinogens are frequently known as "psychedelics." Drugs in this class include lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD or "acid"), mescaline, and phencyclidine (PCP), as well as a number of natural plants including cannabis (marijuana), peyote, and psilocybin (shrooms).

According to this cognitive theory, ________ is an expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur or that desired outcomes will not occur, and there is nothing one can do to prevent such outcomes.

hopelessness According to this cognitive theory, hopelessness is an expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur or that desired outcomes will not occur, and there is nothing one can do to prevent such outcomes.

This sleep disorder may originate from another sleep disorder, dysfunction of the nervous system, drug or alcohol abuse, other physical problems, or other medical conditions.

hypersomnia

Frank, a psychologist specializing in gerontology, uses the MoCA to determine if there are signs of a behavioral disorder and what behavioral modifications are needed. if there are signs of a behavioral disorder and what behavioral modifications are needed. if the client can correctly draw the hands of a clock. if the client can correctly draw the hands of a clock. whether or not a patient should be admitted to the hospital. whether or not a patient should be admitted to the hospital. a cognitive function or impairment that could be a sign of a neurocognitive disorder.

if there are signs of a behavioral disorder and what behavioral modifications are needed.

Natalie was convinced that her minor stomach discomfort after eating a large meal might be an indication that she has stomach cancer. Despite numerous doctors telling her there were no signs of cancer in her body, she is preoccupied with thoughts she may have cancer. What disorder does Natalie appear to meet criteria for?

illness anxiety disorder

Which of the following is the most stressful technique for the behavioral treatment of phobias since it causes so much immediate anxiety

in vivo flooding

Dependent personality disorder is diagnosed based on the presence of which of the following features?

inability to make decisions on their own, a lack of self-confidence, and feeling uncomfortable and helpless when alone

Question Since 1955, fewer numbers of patients have been institutionalized than ever before. A main factor for this mental health phenomenon is less mental health services availability. less mental health services availability. increased effectiveness of treatments. increased effectiveness of treatments. fewer hospitals available to provide treatment. fewer hospitals available to provide treatment. decrease in number of mentally ill individuals.

increased effectiveness of treatments.

Before agreeing to participate in a psychological research study, all participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop. According to ethical guidelines, which of the following addresses this issue? confidentiality confidentiality informed consent informed consent debriefing debriefing nondisclosure agreement

informed consent

Which disorder is associated with using household and industrial propellants like glues and fuels as recreational drugs for their intoxicating effect?

inhalant use disorder Using household and industrial propellants like glues and fuels as recreational drugs for their intoxicating effect is known as inhalant use disorder.

If an adult patient has lost 15% of their set point body weight, it is recommended that they participate in

inpatient treatment or a highly structured outpatient program.

Treatment for this disorder may include limiting use of stimulant drugs (such as caffeine), increasing the amount of physical exercise during the day, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, or prescribed sleep medications.

insomnia

Treatment for this disorder may include limiting use of stimulant drugs (such as caffeine), increasing the amount of physical exercise during the day, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, or prescribed sleep medications.

insomnia Treatment for insomnia may include limiting use of stimulant drugs (such as caffeine), increasing the amount of physical exercise during the day, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, or prescribed sleep medications.

Which is true of interpersonal therapy

interpersonal therapy uses a combination of techniques such as encouraging self-explorational providing support and feedback on the client's ineffective social skills.

Somatic symptom disorder

involves physical symptoms that may or may not be accountable by a medical condition, they also have maladaptive thoughts feelings and behaviors

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)

is a chronic disorder in which a person has non-psychotic flashbacks of visual hallucinations or distortions.

Derealization

is a condition in which people feel a sense of unreality or detachment from their surroundings.

According to positive psychology, a person suffering from PTSD will be benefitted if the person

is inherently optimistic

Depresonalization

is the condition in which people feel they are detached from their own body

Which of the following is one of the effects of lithium carbonate?

it decreases the catecholamine levels in the nervous system

Which of the following is true of conversion disorder?

it generally appears between the ages of 10 and 35

Which of the following is the main function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor?

it helps neurons to adapt and change in response to experience

Nicholas has difficulties with understanding sentences and specific types of words. He also has trouble producing speech, and therefore expressing himself appropriately. He has trouble recalling words, producing appropriate sentences, and has a slow vocabulary development. Nicholas would most likely be diagnosed with which communication disorder?

language disorder

Once patients gain enough weight to benefit from psychotherapy and behavioral interventions, the goal of treatment shifts from medical stabilization and gaining weight to

learning how to recognize their distorted thinking about food. Once patients gain enough weight to benefit from psychotherapy and behavioral interventions, the goal of treatment shifts from medical stabilization and gaining weight to learning how to recognize their distorted thinking about food.

Patients with bipolar disorder are typically treated with pharmacotherapy. Antidepressants such as SSRIs and SNRIs are the primary choice of treatment for depression, whereas for bipolar disorder, ________ is the first-line treatment choice.

lithium

Of the biological treatments for bipolar disorder, which has shown to be the MOST effective with patients in treating bipolar disorders?

lithium Lithium acts on several neurotransmitter systems in the brain through complex mechanisms, including reduction of excitatory (dopamine and glutamate) neurotransmission, and increasing of inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmission.

A significant decrease or increase in appetite, difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much, psychomotor agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and/or difficulty concentrating and indecisiveness for at least a two week period is

major depressive disorder

To receive a diagnosis of ________, one must experience a total of five of the following symptoms for at least a two-week period: significant decrease or increase in appetite, difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much, psychomotor agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and/or difficulty concentrating and indecisiveness.

major depressive disorder

Gideon sleeps all the time, has a decreased appetite, anhedonia, and has attempted suicide. These characteristics are consistent with which mood disorder?

major depressive disorder Sleeping all the time, decreased appetite, anhedonia, along with a suicide attempt are consistent with characteristics of major depressive disorder.

Which best describes the basic steps of the scientific method? ask a question, create a hypothesis, prove or disprove the hypothesis, conduct an experiment, analyze the results ask a question, create a hypothesis, prove or disprove the hypothesis, conduct an experiment, analyze the results make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, do an experiment, analyze the results, prove or disprove the hypothesis make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, do an experiment, analyze the results, prove or disprove the hypothesis make an observation, do an experiment, analyze the results, make a hypothesis, prove or disprove the hypothesis, ask a question make an observation, do an experiment, analyze the results, make a hypothesis, prove or disprove the hypothesis, ask a question conduct an experiment, form a hypothesis, prove or disprove the hypothesis, analyze the results, ask a question

make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, do an experiment, analyze the results, prove or disprove the hypothesis

Which is NOT a category of mental disorders covered in the DSM-5? dissociative disorders dissociative disorders trauma- and stressor-related disorders trauma- and stressor-related disorders medical and biologically influenced disorders medical and biologically influenced disorders feeding and eating disorders

medical and biologically influenced disorders

According to the IPSRT model, mood episodes are likely to emerge from

medication nonadherence

Sam is a 54-year-old man whose wife died recently. Within the same year, he was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Six months following, he was dismissed from work as a construction worker because he could keep up with demands of the job. He had to sell his house and move to a different city. Sam became socially isolated and lost his appetite. If Sam were to take the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the score might indicate that he is at risk for developing

mental health problems. Extensive research has demonstrated that accumulating a high number of life change units within a brief period of time (one or two years) is related to a wide range of physical illnesses (even accidents and athletic injuries) and mental health problems.

Although there is tremendous individual variability, a person's ________ is the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time.

metabolic rate

Which of the following diagnostic terms applies to the person who suffered a heart attack (myocardial infarction) owing to a major depressive disorder?

metal disorder affecting myocardial infraction

An individual who displays an excessive need for admiration, a complete lack of empathy for others, and the belief they are superior to others and deserve special treatment would be diagnosed with which of the following personality disorders?

narcissistic

Not everyone with ________ can consistently maintain a fully normal state of alertness using currently available medications. Drug therapy should accompany various lifestyle changes, which include taking short naps; maintaining a regular sleep schedule; avoiding caffeine or alcohol before bed; exercising daily; and avoiding large, heavy meals right before bedtime.

narcolepsy

Maritza has schizophrenia. She sometimes goes for days without showering or brushing her teeth and mostly keeps to herself, rarely interacting with family and friends. Some think that she is just getting lazy, but others realize that this is what type of symptom of schizophrenia?

negative This is an example of avolition, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.

Meta-analyses show that high scores on which personality domain are a strong predictor for the development of mood disorders?

neuroticism

Which personality trait is linked as the strongest predictor for the development of mood disorders?

neuroticism

One personality trait from the Big Five test focuses on emotional instability and may be helpful in assessing mental illness. The personality trait is neuroticism. neuroticism. openness to experience. openness to experience. agreeableness. agreeableness. extraversion.

neuroticism.

which of the following personality traits is most closely associated with the development of generalized anxiety disorder

neurtoticism

Although individuals suffering from this sleep disorder appear to be awake, they generally have no memories of the events that occurred, and attempts to console them are ineffective.

night terrors Although individuals suffering from night terrors appear to be awake, they generally have no memories of the events that occurred, and attempts to console them are ineffective.

One biological theory of panic disorder proposes that individuals with panic disorder have an excess of

norepinephrine

People with mood disorders often have imbalances, particularly in which two neurotransmitters that are important regulators of appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood?

norepinephrine and serotonin People with mood disorders often have imbalances in the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and serotonin, which are important regulators of appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood.

People with illness anxiety disorder fear or mistakenly believe that

normal bodily reactions represent the symptoms of a serious illness

Persistent ideas, images, or thoughts that invade consciousness despite efforts to get rid of these intrusions are referred to as

obsessions

Gabriella doesn't allow any friends or family to visit her apartment. She spends hours a day making sure everything is neat and organized and spends an excessive amount of time reviewing all her work, causing her to sacrifice her leisure time. She is seen as a perfectionist who is inflexible and preoccupied with the small details of everything. Gabriella is displaying the characteristics of which of the following personality disorders?

obsessive-compulsive

Question Seventeen-year-old Sheri often felt very depressed and hopeless. She had several oddities at home—rearranging cutlery and turning light switches on and off—and these oddities caused annoyance with family members. She had always tried to live up to every standard (academic, religious, familial) that was placed upon her. Before every exam, she lined up her pencils, erasers, and notebooks exactly the same way, each two fingers apart. She felt a strong urge to complete this task because if she didn't, she would fail her exam. At times, the thought of failing and believing that she is a failure and therefore incapable of success made her ill. Her mother took her to see a counselor. What could be Sheri's diagnosis?

obsessive-compulsive disorder Sheri shows signs of obsessions (unwanted thoughts: in this case, fear of failure and believing that she is a failure and is incapable of success) and rituals (arranging pencils a certain way, rearranging cutlery, and turning light switches on and off).

The pervasive and inflexible need for perfectionism that interferes with one's ability to complete tasks, along with a preoccupation with details and structure are key features of

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Julie recently had shoulder surgery to repair a tear in her acromioclavicular joint. She recovered successfully, but grew to like the feelings of calmness and happiness that her prescription drugs induced. She didn't understand it was the increase in endorphins that were creating these feelings of pleasure. Sadly, the majority of Julie's time is now spent focusing on how she will obtain this drug.

opioid

Peng has trouble listening to the directions and rules given to him by both his parents and teacher at school. He has the tendency to be disruptive in class by losing his temper easily, although he never looks to harm or bully his classmates. Peng deliberately bothers his little sister and feels a sense of anger and resentment for most things. Peng is most likely to be diagnosed with which disorder?

oppositional defiant disorder

Tracy is being treated for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Her therapist has asked her to recall a recent happy experience. Tracy answers, "When I was visiting my friends last weekend," but then she is unable to recall or describe any particular events or interactions during that visit that were enjoyable or rewarding. The memory distress that Tracy is showing is called

overgeneralized autobiographical memory (OGM) unable to recall or describe any particular events or interactions during that visit that were enjoyable or rewarding.

Men with antisocial personality disorder are more likely than women with the same diagnosis to

perform behaviors that could easily hurt others or themselves.

Julio is concerned about his girlfriend who has not been acting like herself lately. Specifically, he is concerned that she is experiencing a manic episode, based on what he read in his textbook about about manic episodes being

periods of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased activity or energy.

Millicent no longer wants to hold her baby. She is experiencing major depression after the birth of her child. She has started having panic attacks and often feels weepy. Millicent probably has

peripartum onset depression.

Which of the following is an example of monoamine oxidase inhibitor

phenelzine

Elizabeth is a well-behaved, six-year-old who loves school and jumping rope. Elizabeth's mother is very concerned because Elizabeth enjoys covering her hands in glue and then eating the dried glue. Which eating disorder may Elizabeth have?

pica

A 6-year-old child endured three surgical procedures because he was suffering from a congenital cranial stenosis (Pfeiffer) syndrome. Because of repetitive painful episodes, resulting from the syndrome, and then post-surgical complications, the child developed regressive behavior, behavioral outbursts, hypervigilance, concentration problems, and a loss of interest in activities he used to enjoy. In the past, the child was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the realm of his behavioral complaints, and he was already on stimulant medications. But after a year, there was no remarkable effect of pharmacotherapy on his behavior despite increasing dosages. Ultimately the child's medical and psychiatric history were reviewed. What diagnosis may have been made?

post-traumatic stress disorder

Faith suffered physical abuse throughout her five and a half years of marriage. When Faith was pregnant with their first child, her husband became abusive towards her. He frequently spat on Faith, pulled her hair, dragged her through the house, smashed her head into the wall, and threw drinks over her, on many occasions in front of their children. During another pregnancy, Ryan strangled Faith because she had discovered he had been cheating on her; she managed to kick him away from her, but miscarried afterwards. Faith was able to get a restraining order, and two years after relocating herself and her children, she started having strange sensations. She could feel her ex-husband's fingers around her neck. Sometimes the rib he broke would start to ache, or she felt the spots where he bruised her. She became scared that her ex-husband would find her and was often too afraid to leave the house. If she heard even the slightest noise, her heart rate would skyrocket, a stress rash would creep across her cheeks, neck, and chest, and she would start to shake. Which of the following disorders best explains the symptoms that Faith is experiencing?

post-traumatic stress disorder

Connie was a victim of domestic violence for 10 years. She decided to do exposure therapy when she started having flashbacks of the trauma she had experienced. Her husband had severely abused her and she had had several hospitalizations as a result of kicks to her abdomen, stab wounds, and burns. One day, two years after leaving the abusive relationship, she recalled "feeling the pain of her broken arm" that had already healed. Connie was being treated for which disorder?

post-traumatic stress disorder Traumatic events that involve harm by others carry greater risk than do other traumas (e.g., natural disasters) in developing PTSD. Exposure therapy is a well-established treatment for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that requires the patient to focus on and describe the details of a traumatic experience. Exposure methods include confrontation with frightening, yet realistically safe, stimuli that continues until anxiety is reduced.

Jizaya, a victim of rape, is being treated by her psychologist through a technique called eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR), followed by virtually exposing her to her most feared and hated situation. These methods of psychological treatment are most effective for

post-traumatic stress disorders. EMDR is included in several evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As of 2020, the American Psychological Association lists EMDR as an evidence-based treatment for PTSD, but stresses that "the available evidence can be interpreted in several ways," and notes there is debate about the precise mechanism by which EMDR appears to relieve PTSD symptoms with some evidence EMDR may simply be a variety of exposure therapy. This form of treatment is a hybrid of many different types of interventions, such as imaginal exposure as well as free association.

Which disorder is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) but is more serious and causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a woman's period starts?

premenstrual dysphoric disorder Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) but is more serious and causes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before a period starts.

In the United States, a majority of heroin users begin by using

prescription opioids. In the United States, a majority of heroin users begin by using prescription opioids.

Minor symptoms of psychosis, problems at school or work, or a decline in social functioning are all considered ________ of schizophrenia.

prodromal symptoms

Professor Jackson is reviewing the different viewpoints that are used to describe how dissociation and somatic disorders may develop. She taught that an explanation of the ________ perspective is that people experience dissociation and conversion symptoms when they are overwhelmed as a result of using these as defense mechanisms to protect themselves against negative emotions due to poor coping skills.

psychodynamic

Question This approach on eating disorders focuses on understanding the unconscious forces and motives that influence the disorder

psychodynamic view

Anorexia nervosa has many contributing factors, is a multifaceted mental health illness, and is more likely to occur during

puberty. Anorexia nervosa has many contributing factors, is a multifaceted mental health illness, and is more likely to occur during puberty.

Children who have experienced an abuse pattern of social neglect and repeated changes of primary caregivers in their early years are likely to develop

reactive attachment disorder

Jake is a 4-year-old adopted boy who at the age of two years and four months was brought by his adoptive mother to a child psychiatrist with symptoms of irritability, fearfulness, emotional dysregulation, and attachment issues. The child would rarely or minimally seek comfort when distressed, nor did he respond to comfort from the adoptive mother when distressed. Little is known about Jake's early history. There is suspicion that his mother was neglectful with feeding and frequently left him crying, unattended, or with strangers. He was taken away from his mother's care at seven months due to neglect and placed with his aunt, who after two months decided she was unable to take care of him. Given the abuse pattern of neglect and repeated changes of primary caregivers in Jake's early years, the psychiatrist diagnosed him with

reactive attachment disorder. Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) as a stressor-related disorder caused by social neglect during childhood (meaning a lack of adequate caregiving). RAD is characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially in most contexts. It can take the form of a persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way, known as the inhibited form.

The diagnosis of stereotypic movement disorder includes

repetitive, nonfunctional motor behaviors that interferes with daily activities or results in bodily injury.

This disorder may occur following a viral illness, emotional stress, or physical injury. It is theorized that while the initial stressor improves, an altered sensation in the abdomen persists.

rumination

Although he tries a little to socialize and fit in, Oliver has always been seen by others as different. He believes he is able to communicate with spirits and dead loved ones through his sixth sense. When he talks with others, they tend to be confused and have trouble following what he is saying. Oliver is most likely to be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

schizotypal

Shanta believes she possesses a sixth sense and therefore knows her coworkers have been talking about her behind her back. Even though they have confirmed that they do not talk about her, she holds onto her suspicions and goes home after work and writes down everything she picks up on from her telepathic abilities. Shanta is displaying characteristics of which personality disorder?

schizotypal believe they hold special abilities such as telepathy.

Which idea proposes that an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological ailments?

self-medication hypothesis Self-medication hypothesis is the idea that an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological ailments.

Isabella was recently diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Isabella has to turn the doorknob at her home five times before she either leaves or comes home and has intense anxiety when she does not perform the action. Isabella has become upset and worried that other people may think something is really wrong with her. Isabella's viewpoint is consistent with a stigma expectation. stigma expectation. stereotype. stereotype. self-stigma. public stigma.

self-stigma.

Chelsea recently went to the doctor discussing anxiety that she was having at school. Her doctor suggested seeking therapy on or off campus with a clinician, which she agreed to. The clinician asked her a long list of formal questions, but also asked some follow-up personal questions and informal things about her classes and social life. This is an example of a/an semi-structured interview. semi-structured interview. unstructured interview. unstructured interview. mental health examination. mental health examination. structured interview. structured interview.

semi-structured interview.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medication, block the reabsorption of

serotonin

Individuals who experience childhood adversity and/or traumatic experiences during adulthood are at significantly higher risk of developing PTSD if they possess one or two short versions of a gene that regulates the neurotransmitter

serotonin.

Which of the following symptoms did Dr. Tobin observe about Barbara Wilder while working on her case?

she was feeling emotionally numb

Which of the following symptoms listed above is the most troubling sign of diagnosis of the example above?

suicidal tendencies

According to the DSM-5, in order for a diagnosis of intellectual development disorder (intellectual disability) to be made, which of the following criteria must first be met?

significant limitation in general mental abilities and intellectual functioning

Individuals with social anxiety disorder are likely to steer themselves away from all of the situations mentioned below EXCEPT

situations where they are seperated from their caregivers

Challenges with social communication, both verbally and nonverbally in a child's natural setting, affects the development of their social relationships. These children would most likely be diagnosed with which communication disorder?

social (pragmatic) communication disorder Symptoms of this disorder include trouble with verbal and nonverbal communication, which affects the development of social relationships.

A child who has difficulties communicating in a natural setting, due to both verbal and nonverbal deficits would most likely be diagnosed with

social (pragmatic) communication disorder.

Difficulties with verb tenses and pronouns, understanding questions and following conversations, and with understanding jokes or satire are features of which communication disorder?

social communication disorder

Many psychologists believe we cannot try to explain the origins of dissociation or somatic disorders without looking at environmental factors such as a patient's homelife, socioeconomic status, cultural background, education, history of abuse, and so on. What perspective do these psychologists think we have to take into consideration?

sociocultural

Which is NOT a category of mental disorders covered in the DSM-5? schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders socioeconomic and cultural disorders socioeconomic and cultural disorders neurodevelopmental disorders neurodevelopmental disorders anxiety disorders anxiety disorders

socioeconomic and cultural disorders

For the past 2 years, Ahmad has experienced a recurring series of gastrointestinal symptoms, pain in his legs, and chronic headaches. He cannot find a doctor that can provide any medical explanation for these symptoms. He frequently thinks about the symptoms and worries so much that he often calls out of work and neglects his interpersonal relationships. What disorder is Ahmad most likely suffering from?

somatic symptom disorder

Phonemic disorders involve trouble learning the sound system of language and failing to recognize which sound-contracts also contrast meaning. Articulation disorders are difficulties learning to physically produce the wanted sound or phoneme. These two disorders are classified as a

speech sound disorder. Speech sound disorder involves issues with pronouncing and articulating the correct sounds and includes more specific phonemic and articulation disorders.

This stage of NREM sleep is a transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep, the period during which we drift off to sleep.

stage one

Although the etiology is unknown, genetic predispositions along with ________ are linked with persistent depressive disorder.

stress, social isolation, and lack of social support

The theory explaining that people who have OCD also have the idea that thinking about an action is the same as doing it, known as thought-action fusion, comes from which psychological perspective?

the cognitive perspective

David has an eating disorder and feels uncomfortable eating around other people. His therapist suggests that he try at least three times a week to drink his morning coffee and eat his toast alongside his roommate for breakfast. This is an example of establishing the therapeutic relationship. establishing the therapeutic relationship. the therapist helping the client to set achievable goals. the therapist helping the client to set achievable goals. cognitive-behavioral therapy. cognitive-behavioral therapy. the mental status examination.

the therapist helping the client to set achievable goals.

Question The cognitive model of OCD, as proposed by Paul Salkovskis, proposes that everyone will experience intrusive thoughts from time to time, but those with OCD falsely assume that

thinking about an action is the same as doing it. The idea that thinking about an action is the same as doing it, is known as thought-action fusion. If someone with OCD has the sudden thought of robbing a bank, their mind acts as if they've already done it—the thought, in turn, is just as bad as the action itself.

Which of the following is expected of a psychologist in regards to professional responsibility? to pay compliments about a client's looks and clothing to pay compliments about a client's looks and clothing to disregard religious, spiritual, political, and social beliefs in the therapeutic setting to disregard religious, spiritual, political, and social beliefs in the therapeutic setting to maintain awareness of how the psychologist's own physical and mental health may influence their work to maintain awareness of how the psychologist's own physical and mental health may influence their work to conduct themselves in a responsible and ethical manner, but never maintain a similar check on colleagues

to maintain awareness of how the psychologist's own physical and mental health may influence their work

Which of the following disorders is characterized by a long-term urge that results in the pulling out of one's hair?

trichotillomania

Which of the following should be avoided if you are being treated for major depressive disorder? tyramine

tyramine

Dina went to a therapist to help explain and understand her stress levels. During Dina's first session, she was appalled that the therapist asked her a lot of questions—about her dog, her memories from childhood, and her favorite vacation. Dina's therapist used a/an ________ during the initial session for assessment. semi-structured interview semi-structured interview mental health examination mental health examination structured interview structured interview unstructured interview

unstructured interview

Which of the following is an example of a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor?

venlafaxine

According to the cognitive perspective, what plays a role in susceptibility to PTSD?

viewing the world as an unpredictable, dangerous place resulting in chronic stress symptoms

What type of therapy for the treatment of combat related PTSD consists of viewing a computerized combat or war scene on a visor screen that closely resembles a real combat environment experienced by soldiers during deployment?

virtual reality therapy (VRT)

Zayne has been struggling to wake up for class and has been calling in sick for work. Zayne knows he should go, but is feeling unmotivated and depressed. His parents suggested that he go to a therapist. Because he is opting to go himself, Zayne's therapy is considered involuntary. involuntary. psychoanalytic. psychoanalytic. voluntary. voluntary. cognitive behavioral therapy.

voluntary

When does anxiety become a source of clinical concern?

when it reaches such an intense level that daily function becomes difficult