Yoga Philosophy and Ethical Principles: Yamas, Niyamas, and Meditation Techniques

Pranayama

Breath control; expanding and directing life force (prana) through conscious breathing. Example: practicing alternate nostril breathing or deep diaphragmatic breathing.

Dharana

Concentration; fixing the mind on a single object or point of focus. Example: repeating a mantra or gazing at a candle flame.

Santosha

Contentment; accepting what is with gratitude and peace. Example: focusing on daily joys instead of wanting more.

Tapas

Discipline; cultivating transformation through consistent effort. Example: maintaining a steady yoga or meditation routine even when you don't feel like it.

Samadhi

Enlightenment or absorption; merging of the individual self with universal consciousness. Example: feeling oneness, peace, and boundless joy beyond the ego.

Yama

Ethical restraints; moral foundation guiding how we interact with others.

Dhyana

Meditation; sustained awareness without effort or distraction. Example: experiencing a deep sense of flow and inner stillness.

Brahmacharya

Moderation; balanced use of life force and senses. Example: conserving energy by avoiding overindulgence in food, sex, or technology.

Aparigraha

Non-possessiveness; releasing greed and attachment. Example: decluttering, sharing resources, and letting go of comparison.

Asteya

Non-stealing; respecting others' time, ideas, and energy. Example: showing up on time or giving credit for someone's work.

Ahimsa

Non-violence; practicing kindness in thought, word, and action toward yourself and others. Example: speaking gently instead of reacting harshly.

Niyama

Personal observances; inner discipline and self-reflection.

Asana

Physical postures that build strength, flexibility, and focus while preparing the body for meditation. Example: holding a yoga pose with steadiness (sthira) and ease (sukham).

Saucha

Purity; keeping body, mind, and surroundings clean. Example: healthy diet, mindful thoughts, and an uncluttered home.

Svadhyaya

Self-study; reflecting on your thoughts and studying spiritual wisdom. Example: journaling or reading sacred texts to understand yourself.

Ishvara Pranidhana

Surrender to the Divine; trusting a higher intelligence or universal flow. Example: releasing control and offering the results of your actions to something greater.

Satya

Truthfulness; aligning your actions and words with honesty and integrity. Example: expressing your feelings without deceit.

Pratyahara

Withdrawal of the senses; turning attention inward and becoming less reactive to external distractions. Example: meditating with closed eyes and focusing on inner awareness.