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Which of the following are causes of leukopenia? 1. Chemotherapy 2. Bone marrow disease 3. Radiation therapy 4. Antibiotics a. 1 and 4 only b. 1, 2, and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 4 only

1. Chemotherapy 2. Bone marrow disease 3. Radiation therapy

Which of the following are formed elements in the blood? 1. Leukocytes 2. Erythrocytes 3. Thrombocytes 4. Electrolytes a. 1 and 2 only b. 1, 2, and 3 only c. 2, 3, and 4 only d. 1, 2, and 4 only

2. Erythrocytes 3. Thrombocytes 4. Electrolytes

An ICU patient in septic shock shows the following electrolyte panel results: a serum Na+ of 150 mmol/L, a total CO2 of 18 mmol/L, lactate of 4 mmol/L, and a serum Cl- level of 110 mmol/L. The patient is hypotensive and the RT is unable to obtain an ABG for analysis. What conclusion(s) can be drawn regarding this patient's acid-base status? 1. The anion gap is decreased. 2. Metabolic acidosis is present. 3. Anion gap is increased. 4. Lactic acidosis is present. a. 1, 2, and 4 only b. 1 only c. 2 and 4 only d. 2, 3, and 4 only

2. Metabolic acidosis is present. 3. Anion gap is increased. 4. Lactic acidosis is present.

An RT receives a doctor's order to perform an ABG on a 71-year-old woman. Upon reviewing the patient's chart, the RT notices that the patient has a platelet count of 110 103 mcl. What should the RT do? 1. Perform ABG as normal. 2. Refuse to perform the ABG. 3. After ABG is performed, compress the puncture site for a longer time. 4. Recommend that an ABG should be performed on the patient only when it is absolutely necessary. a. 2 and 4 only b. 1 only c. 3 and 4 only d. 2 only

3. After ABG is performed, compress the puncture site for a longer time. 4. Recommend that an ABG should be performed on the patient only when it is absolutely necessary.

Which of the following values represents a normal serum lactate level? a. 0.7 to 2.1 mEq/L b. 1.2 to 2.3 mEq/L c. 1.7 to 2.1 mEq/L d. 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

a. 0.7 to 2.1 mEq/L

Which of the following values represents a normal serum sodium level? a. 136 to 145 mEq/L b. 98 to 105 mEq/L c. 7 to 20 mEq/L d. 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

a. 136 to 145 mEq/L

Which of the following tests is used to evaluate renal function? a. Creatinine b. Protein level c. Serum enzymes d. Sweat chloride

a. Creatinine

In which of the following clinical settings would hypokalemia be a significant problem? a. During weaning from mechanical ventilation b. In a patient with pleural effusion c. In a patient with kyphoscoliosis d. During a bronchial challenge test

a. During weaning from mechanical ventilation

A patient receiving heparin has a prothrombin time (PT) of 19 sec and an International Standardized Ratio (INR) of approximately 5.0, what does this indicate? a. High likelihood of excessive bleeding. b. Patient's results are normal. c. High likelihood of increased clotting. d. Possible embolism.

a. High likelihood of excessive bleeding.

What term is used to describe a potassium concentration that is below normal in the blood serum? a. Hypokalemia b. Hyponatremia c. Hypocalcemia d. Hypochloremia

a. Hypokalemia

What term is used to describe a white blood cell (WBC) count that is above normal values? a. Leukocytosis b. Leukopenia c. Neutropenia d. Polycythemia

a. Leukocytosis

What is the name used for mature neutrophils? a. Segs b. Bands c. Polys d. Neutros

a. Segs

An 80-year-old patient arrives in the emergency room complaining of difficulty breathing with signs of pulmonary edema. The clinician orders a B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) test to be performed on the patient. The test result shows 800 pg/ml. What is the patient's possible condition? a. Severe heart failure b. Respiratory distress syndrome c. Severe sepsis d. Mild heart failure

a. Severe heart failure

What is the normal anion gap? a. 5 to 10 mEq/L b. 8 to 14 mEq/L c. 25 to 32 mEq/L d. 35 to 45 mEq/L

b. 8 to 14 mEq/L

Which of the following values represents a normal serum chloride level? a. 136 to 145 mEq/L b. 98 to 106 mEq/L c. 7 to 20 mEq/L d. 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

b. 98 to 106 mEq/L

What is the name used for immature neutrophils? a. Segs b. Bands c. Polys d. Neutros

b. Bands

The sweat chloride level is used to diagnose which of the following disorders? a. Asthma b. Cystic fibrosis c. Hyperthyroidism d. Hepatitis

b. Cystic fibrosis

What type of white blood cell increases in response to allergic reactions? a. Neutrophils b. Eosinophils c. Lymphocytes d. Monocytes

b. Eosinophils

What term is used to describe a sodium concentration that is below normal in the blood serum? a. Hypokalemia b. Hyponatremia c. Hypocalcemia d. Hypochloremia

b. Hyponatremia

What test is useful for evaluating the blood-clotting ability of your patient? a. Red blood cell count b. Platelet count c. Neutrophil count d. Hematocrit

b. Platelet count

What term is used to describe a red blood cell (RBC) count that is below normal values? a. Leukocytosis b. Leukopenia c. Anemia d. Polycythemia

c. Anemia

The total carbon dioxide (CO2) value is linked to what electrolyte in the blood serum? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Bicarbonate d. Chloride

c. Bicarbonate

The mean cell hemoglobin concentration of your patient is reduced. What type of anemia is this? a. Microcytic b. Macrocytic c. Hypochromic d. Hypotrophic

c. Hypochromic

What term is used to describe a white blood cell (WBC) count that is below normal values? a. Anemia b. Thrombocytopenia c. Leukopenia d. Hypoleukemia

c. Leukopenia

What type of white blood cell increases in response to viral infections? a. Neutrophils b. Eosinophils c. Lymphocytes d. Monocytes

c. Lymphocytes

What is indicated by an elevation of the anion gap? a. Respiratory failure b. Metabolic alkalosis c. Metabolic acidosis d. Renal failure

c. Metabolic acidosis

A patient is brought into the ER with chest pain. The physician is having difficulty confirming the patient's diagnosis through an ECG. Blood results show an elevated level of CPK-2. What can the physician suspect after reviewing the blood work? a. Pulmonary embolism b. Gastroesophageal reflux c. Myocardial infarction d. Valvular stenosis

c. Myocardial infarction

What abnormality in the complete blood count is often seen in a patient with significant hypoxemia caused by chronic lung disease? a. Leukocytosis b. Anemia c. Polycythemia d. Leukopenia

c. Polycythemia

What term is used to describe a platelet count below normal? a. Anemia b. Leukopenia c. Thrombocytopenia d. Thrombocytosis

c. Thrombocytopenia

What is the upper limit of normal for the fasting blood glucose level? a. 50 mg/dl b. 85 mg/dl c. 120 mg/dl d. 140 mg/dl

d. 140 mg/dl

Which of the following values represents a normal serum potassium level? a. 137 to 147 mEq/L b. 98 to 105 mEq/L c. 7 to 20 mEq/L d. 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

d. 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

What term is used to describe a result significantly outside the reference range that may represent a pathophysiologic condition? a. Reference range b. Biological reference intervals c. Expected value d. Critical test value

d. Critical test value

Which of the following Gram stain results suggests the most legitimate sputum sample in a patient with pneumonia? a. Many epithelial cells and many pus cells b. Few pus cells and many epithelial cells c. Few pus cells and few epithelial cells d. Few epithelial cells and many pus cells

d. Few epithelial cells and many pus cells

Your patient has an elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST). What two organs are most likely diseased? a. Heart and brain b. Liver and kidney c. Brain and kidney d. Heart and liver

d. Heart and liver

What term is used to describe a chloride concentration that is below normal in the blood serum? a. Hypokalemia b. Hyponatremia c. Hypocalcemia d. Hypochloremia

d. Hypochloremia

What should be done in response to a sputum sample that has many epithelial cells in it? a. Repeat Gram stain. b. Sputum culture. c. Sputum sensitivity. d. Obtain new sputum sample.

d. Obtain new sputum sample.

What term is used to describe a red blood cell (RBC) count that is above normal values? a. Leukocytosis b. Leukopenia c. Anemia d. Polycythemia

d. Polycythemia