21.1 - 21.2 : the respiratory system

Which function is not related to the structural arrangement of the C-shaped cartilage rings surrounding the trachea?

Enhance the resonance of the voice

What area in the lower respiratory system contains sensory receptors that trigger a violent cough reflex in response to foreign material?

Mucosa of the carina

What increases air turbulence to extract dust and other debris from air traveling through the nasal cavity?

Nasal conchae and meatuses

Air inhaled through the nose travels through the divisions of the pharynx in what order?

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Name the epithelial tissue that forms the respiratory mucosa.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

What is the function of goblet cells?

Secretes mucus that traps foreign particles

What is the advantage of breathing through the nose rather than the mouth?

The nose warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air.

Air travels from the respiratory bronchioles to the __________.

alveolar ducts

Which of the following structures is part of the respiratory zone?

alveoli

The respiratory system does not function in __________.

blood cell production

What structure of the lower respiratory tract lacks cartilage but contains a large amount of smooth muscle?

bronchioles

Which of the following structures is not associated with the larynx?

carina

What is the function of the vestibular folds?

close glottis during swallowing

Which of the following functions is not associated with the larynx?

detection of odors

What flap of elastic cartilage keeps food and liquids from entering the larynx during swallowing?

epiglottis

What is the opening between the vocal cords of the larynx called?

glottis

Which of the following bones is not a location of a paranasal sinus?

lacrimal bone

The four major processes of respiration include all of the following except:

oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.

What reduces friction around the lungs as they expand and contract?

pleural fluid

The process of respiration that moves air into and out of the lungs is __________.

pulmonary ventilation

Pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the __________.

respiratory zone

Gas exchange occurs in all of the following locations except:

terminal bronchioles

Which structure is not found in the upper respiratory tract?

trachea

What type of alveolar cell produces surfactant?

type 2 alveolar cells

The _____________ is the serous membrane lining the surface of the lungs.

visceral pleura