2.2.1-2.2.4 quiz
Lipids
-(fats and oils) -Cell membrane and hormone production -Fatty acids -Glycerol -Triglycerides, phospholipid, steroids
Carbohydrates
-(sugar and starches) -Simple sugars such as glucose,fructose, deoxyribose, ribose -Great source of energy
How do two monosaccharides form a disaccaride?
-A H2O molecules must be removed -This is called dehydration synthesis -Water has to be lost for monosaccharides to bond
What is an indicator?
-A substance that changes to indicate the presence of a particular compound or type of compound -Indicator may change color or temperature -May produce another substance such as bubbles or a distinctive odor
Proteins
-Amino Acids -Enzymes, transport molecules -Primary structural component of all tissues in humans (builds/ repairs) -Help build tissue, fight disease, and facilitate chemical reactions
Polysaccharides
-Have a lot of bonds -So more energy
What are large molecules in our bodies called?
-Macromolecules -Made by combining smaller molecules
Nucleic Acids
-Nucleotides -Stores and carries genetic information -RNA, DNA
What roles do molecules play for us?
-Some are used to build our body parts -Some are used to drive chemical reactions necessary for life -Some are used as sources of energy
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
-These values represent nutritional needs while taking into account factors such as; age, size, and activity level -DRIs provide a more accurate representation of specific needs than DVs
An average person should consume how many calories per day?
2,000
What 4 elements make up 96% mass of the human body
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen
Calorimetry
Process of measuring amount of energy in food
What are three things you should limit in a well balanced diet?
Saturated fat Cholesterol Sodium
Triglycerides (part of lipids)
Store large amounts of energy
Phospholipid (part of lipids)
Structure of cell membrane
How does your body tap energy from a meal?
The body will perform hydrolysis, breaking down the bonds, and each bond when broken will release energy
Cholesterol
Too much can lead to blocked arteries, stroke, and heart disease. The body already makes enough of this
What is one of the simplest ways scientist analyze the chemical components of a substance?
Using Chemical indicators
What do multi vitamins do?
We don't always eat all of our required nutrients in a day, by taking a multi vitamin, it will add in any nutrients your body did not receive
Why are DRIs the preferred value for nutritional intake but are not shown on food lables
DRIs provide a more accurate representation of specific needs, food labels stay general
What is the relationship between chemical bods and energy in the body?
Energy is stored in chemical bonds. When chemical bonds are broken down it releases energy for the body
Negative feedback
Goes back to baseline
Positive feedback
Goes on forever, never back to baseline
Steroids (part of lipids)
Cell communication
Potential energy
Breaking bonds for energy Food has potential energy
Disaccarides
Carbohydrate created when two monosaccarides are linked together
What are the main nutrients in our food?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
What are the 4 Macromolecules
Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, nucleic acids -All life is made up of these for building blocks
Sodium
Causes body to hold to much water, and can lead to high blood pressure
Saturated fat
Causes high cholesterol, adds a lot of calories
