2.2.1-2.2.4 quiz

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Lipids

-(fats and oils) -Cell membrane and hormone production -Fatty acids -Glycerol -Triglycerides, phospholipid, steroids

Carbohydrates

-(sugar and starches) -Simple sugars such as glucose,fructose, deoxyribose, ribose -Great source of energy

How do two monosaccharides form a disaccaride?

-A H2O molecules must be removed -This is called dehydration synthesis -Water has to be lost for monosaccharides to bond

What is an indicator?

-A substance that changes to indicate the presence of a particular compound or type of compound -Indicator may change color or temperature -May produce another substance such as bubbles or a distinctive odor

Proteins

-Amino Acids -Enzymes, transport molecules -Primary structural component of all tissues in humans (builds/ repairs) -Help build tissue, fight disease, and facilitate chemical reactions

Polysaccharides

-Have a lot of bonds -So more energy

What are large molecules in our bodies called?

-Macromolecules -Made by combining smaller molecules

Nucleic Acids

-Nucleotides -Stores and carries genetic information -RNA, DNA

What roles do molecules play for us?

-Some are used to build our body parts -Some are used to drive chemical reactions necessary for life -Some are used as sources of energy

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

-These values represent nutritional needs while taking into account factors such as; age, size, and activity level -DRIs provide a more accurate representation of specific needs than DVs

An average person should consume how many calories per day?

2,000

What 4 elements make up 96% mass of the human body

Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen

Calorimetry

Process of measuring amount of energy in food

What are three things you should limit in a well balanced diet?

Saturated fat Cholesterol Sodium

Triglycerides (part of lipids)

Store large amounts of energy

Phospholipid (part of lipids)

Structure of cell membrane

How does your body tap energy from a meal?

The body will perform hydrolysis, breaking down the bonds, and each bond when broken will release energy

Cholesterol

Too much can lead to blocked arteries, stroke, and heart disease. The body already makes enough of this

What is one of the simplest ways scientist analyze the chemical components of a substance?

Using Chemical indicators

What do multi vitamins do?

We don't always eat all of our required nutrients in a day, by taking a multi vitamin, it will add in any nutrients your body did not receive

Why are DRIs the preferred value for nutritional intake but are not shown on food lables

DRIs provide a more accurate representation of specific needs, food labels stay general

What is the relationship between chemical bods and energy in the body?

Energy is stored in chemical bonds. When chemical bonds are broken down it releases energy for the body

Negative feedback

Goes back to baseline

Positive feedback

Goes on forever, never back to baseline

Steroids (part of lipids)

Cell communication

Potential energy

Breaking bonds for energy Food has potential energy

Disaccarides

Carbohydrate created when two monosaccarides are linked together

What are the main nutrients in our food?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

What are the 4 Macromolecules

Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, nucleic acids -All life is made up of these for building blocks

Sodium

Causes body to hold to much water, and can lead to high blood pressure

Saturated fat

Causes high cholesterol, adds a lot of calories


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