4

The innovation by acquisition strategy recognizes that the cutting edge of innovation often happens in well-established and traditional companies rather than in young, small, entrepreneurial companies.

False

Women leaders tend to be competitive and prefer vertical hierarchies. Question options: True False

False

according to Hofstede's social value system, high uncertainty avoidance reflects a value for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves. Question options: True False

False

Management in Life You've been meaning to start exercising for a while now, but it's hard to get the change process started. On one hand, you like sitting quietly in front of the TV, but on the other, you'd like to feel better and look better. The following diagram presents your dilemma as a force-field analysis, showing the factors for change on the left and the factors against change on the right. The numbers in parentheses represent the strength of each factor, and you can select "Total" to see a visual representation of the combined effects of change. Which of the following factors would keep a person from changing in this situation?

Fear of looking silly Not having enough time

CRITICISMS

First, It lacks conceptual clarity. Another criticism revolves around how transformational leadership is measured. A third criticism is that transformational leadership treats leadership as a personality trait or personal predisposition rather than a behavior that people can learn Fourth, researchers have not established that transformational leaders are actually able to transform individuals and organizations A fifth criticism some have made is that transformational leadership is elitist and antidemocratic A final criticism of transformational leadership is that it has the potential to be abused.

STRENGTHS

First, in contrast to many other leadership theories, adaptive leadership takes a process approach to the study of leadership. Second, adaptive leadership stands out because it is follower-centered. Third, adaptive leadership is unique in how it directs attention to the use of leadership to help followers deal with conflicting values that emerge in changing work environments and social contexts. Another strength of adaptive leadership is that it provides a prescriptive approach to leadership that is useful and practical. Finally, adaptive leadership makes a unique contribution to the field of leadership studies by identifying the concept of a holding environment as an integral part of the leadership process.

STRENGTHS

First, it fulfills an expressed need for trust- worthy leadership in society. Second, authentic leadership provides broad guidelines for individuals who want to become authentic leaders. Third, similar to transformational and servant leadership, authentic leadership has an explicit moral dimension. Fourth, authentic leadership emphasizes that authentic values and behaviors can be developed in leaders over time. Finally, authentic leadership can be measured using the Authentic Leader- ship Questionnaire

CRITICISMS

First, the concepts and ideas presented in George's practical approach are not fully substantiated. Second, the moral component of authentic leadership is not fully explained. Third, researchers have questioned whether positive psychological capacities should be included as components of authentic leadership. Finally, it is not clear how authentic leadership results in positive organi- zational outcomes.

STRENGTHS

First, transformational leadership has been widely researched from many different perspectives, including a series of qualitative studies of prominent leaders and CEOs in large, well-known organizations. Second, transformational leadership has intuitive appeal. Third, transformational leadership treats leadership as a process that occurs between followers and leaders. Fourth, the transformational approach provides a broader view of leadership that augments other leadership models. Fifth, transformational leadership places a strong emphasis on followers' needs, values, and morals. Finally, there is substantial evidence that transformational leadership is an effective form of leadership

CRITICISMS

First, very little empirical research has been conducted to test the claims of adaptive leadership theory Second, conceptualization of the process of adaptive leadership needs further refinement. Third, adaptive leadership can be criticized for being too wide ranging and abstract. Finally, from a theoretical perspective, adaptive leadership hints at but does not directly explain how adaptive leadership incorporates a moral dimension.

Candor

HONEST, forthright expression of a leader's thinking

The team in charge of innovation in a gaming software company holds a brainstorming session. The team uses Edward de Bono's Six Thinking Hats technique to promote broader thinking. Zachary, a team member, dons a figurative red hat and acts accordingly during the session. Which of the following is a correct description of Zachary's behavior?

He gives emotional responses based on feelings, intuitions, instincts, and hunches.

Abdo finds out that a member of his quality control team is not following proper processes. Although it allows them to produce their product faster, it could lead to important quality and even safety risks down the line. Abdo issues an official disciplinary warning to the employee. How is he demonstrating ethical and moral leadership?

He is enforcing ethical standards.

Morad stresses the importance of people cleaning up after themselves in the break room and is diligent about making sure he doesn't leave trash or dishes behind. How is he demonstrating ethical and moral leadership?

He is modeling the ethical behavior he expects from his followers

Morad stresses the importance of people cleaning up after themselves in the breakroom, and is diligent about making sure he doesn't leave trash or dishes behind. How is he demonstrating ethical and moral leadership?

He is modeling the ethical behavior he expects from his followers.

Wes's company is going through a significant restructuring, including splitting Wes's department into two departments. Wes shares this information with his team early on, allowing them to voice their questions and concerns. How is he demonstrating ethical and moral leadership?

He is openly sharing organizational information.

Compassion

Heart

To reduce the time repair technicians need to spend traveling from one customer to the next, an appliance repair company could make a _________, becoming more efficient and hopefully more profitable.

Technology change

intrapersonal perspective

which focuses closely on the leader and what goes on within the leader.

According to this force-field analysis, change occur.

will

According to this force-field analysis, change _________ occur.

will not

According to this force-field analysis, change occur.

will not

Managers know the organization is in the ___________ stage of change when the impact of changed behavior on the organization's performance can be documented and employees can be rewarded for the behavior.

refreezing

Self-awareness

refers to the personal insights of the leader.

Embeddedness

People throughout the organization are UNITED AROUND A COMMON PURPOSE

Formulations about authentic leadership can be differentiated into two areas:

(1) the practical approach, which evolved from real-life examples and training and development literature (2) the theoretical approach, which is based on findings from social science research. Both approaches offer interesting insights about the complex process of authentic leadership.

Seth Goldman makes clear that innovation is essential for a small company to break into the packaged beverage market. In what ways can a company foster innovation? Check all that apply.

*Have employees in marketing communicate customer feedback to employees in research so that people in research work to solve customers' problems. *Establish a cross-functional team with members from research, manufacturing, and marketing departments to guide a new product's development from beginning to end. *Make sure technical employees are aware of the latest technological innovations and engage in cross-functional discussion about how they could be used to achieve competitive advantage.

unethical leaders

- arrogant & self-serving - unfair - breaches agreements -deception -diminished dignity

Ethical leaders

- processes humility - maintains concern for the greater good - honest - fair - serves others - etc.

Current Communication Challenges

-Using social media -Developing skills for communicating in a crisis

traits of courage

-accepting responsibility -nonconformity -pushing beyond the comfort zone (the "wall of fear") -asking for what you want and saying what you think -fighting for what you believe

how leaders set the ethical tone

-act as positive role models -signal what matters with behavior -focus on employees, customers and the greater good -honest with employees, partners, customers, vendors and shareholders -treat everyone with fairness, dignity and respect -share the credit -reward ethical -zero tolerance for unethical behavior

finding personal courage

-believe in a higher purpose -draw strength from others -harness anger and frustration -take small steps

participative management

-increased employee participation -paternalistic -leaders determine purpose and goals, make final decisions and decide rewards -employees suggest quality improvements, act as team players and take greater responsibility for their own jobs -employees are not true partners in the enterprise

traits of stewardship

-partnership minded -decision making power and the authority to act to act to those closest to the work -tie rewards to contributions rather than formal positions -expect core work teams to build the organization

traits of servant leadership

-put service before self-interest -listen first to affirm others -inspire trust by being trustworthy -nourish others and help them become whole

obstacles for leaders

-weakness and self-interest -pressures to keep stock price high to please shareholders; make decisions that benefit short-term results; desire to "look successful"

Five basic characteristics of Bill George's Authentic Leadership Approach.

1) They understand their purpose, (2) they have strong values about the right thing to do, (3) they establish trusting relationships with others, (4) they demonstrate self-discipline and act on their values, and (5) they are passionate about their mission

Leading Strategic Conversations by

1. Asking ?'s and actively listening to others to understand their attitudes and values, needs, personal goals, and desires 2. Setting the agenda fir conversation by underscoring the key strategic themes that are linked to organizational success 3. Selecting the right communication channels and facilitating dialogue

*Why Open the Communication Climate (Diagram)

An open climate is essential for cascading vision and it's essential cuz: 1. Natural Law 1: You Get What You Talk About 2. Natural Law 2: The Climate of an Organization is a Reflection of the Leader 3. Natural Law 3: You Can't Walk Faster Than One Step at a Time

Leader Behaviors

1. Get on the Balcony 2. Identify the Adaptive Challenge 3. Regulate Distress 4. Maintain Disciplined Attention 5. Give the Work Back to the People 6. Protect Leadership Voices from Below

*Keys to Effective Listening

1. Listen Actively 2. Keep an Open Mind 3. Resist Distractions 4. Capitalize Thought Being Faster than Speech 5. Seek Understanding 6. Judge Content, not Delivery 7. Hold One's Fire 8. Listen for Ideas 9. Work at Listening 10. Show Respect

The Leader as Communication Champion (Diagram)

1. internal & external sources 2. Strategic Conversation: open climate, asking questions, listening, candor, dialogue, using stories 3. LEADER AS COMMUNICATION CHAMPION 4a. Purpose Directed: direct attention to vision/values, desired outcomes; use persuasion 4b. Methods: use rich channels, nonverbal communication

3 Levels of personal moral development

1. preconventional 2. conventional 3. postconventional

Being Crisis-Ready

1. stay calm 2. be visible and supportive 3. tell the truth 4. communication a vision for the future

Dialogue (definition)

ACTIVE SHARING & LISTENING in which people explore common ground -Grow to understand each other and share a world view

Channel Richness

AMOUNT OF INFO THAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED DURING A COMMUNICATION EPISODE

. _____ is the belief that one's own culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures.

ANSWER: Ethnocentrism

_____, a leadership quality, is derived from the leader who appeals emotionally and symbolically to employees' desire to do a good job and help achieve organizational goals.

ANSWER: Inspirational motivation

_____ is a leadership style in which people develop personal relationships with followers, share power and information, empower employees, and strive to enhance others' feelings of self-worth.

ANSWER: Interactive leadership

According to Hofstede's social value system, _____ is a preference for a tightly knit social framework in which people look out for one another and organizations protect their members' interests.

ANSWER: collectivism

The differences among people in terms of age, ethnicity, gender, race, or other dimensions are known as _____.

ANSWER: diversity

The ____ is an invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top leadership positions.

ANSWER: glass ceiling

According to Hofstede's social value systems, _____ refers to how much people accept equality in power.

ANSWER: power distance

A _____ is a rigid, exaggerated, irrational, and typically negative belief or image associated with a particular group of people.

ANSWER: stereotype

In the context of Hofstede's social value systems, _____ refers to the degree to which members of a society feel uncomfortable with ambiguity.

ANSWER: uncertainty avoidance

Organizations establish _____ to promote the hiring, inclusion, and career advancement of different employees and to ensure that differences are accepted and respected in the workplace.

ANSWER: workforce diversity programs

Management in Life Susie's term paper for her marketing class deals with the product development process. Susie has decided to use some of her knowledge from her management class to write the paper, and she's collected a number of examples of different innovation strategies. Which of the following examples involve a cooperation strategy?

Apple solicits iPhone applications from hundreds of different organizations. Some of the more unusual apps include one from a Massachusetts police department that identifies offenders via photos and another from iHandysoft that turns an iPhone into a carpenter's level. Hallmark Cards sponsored a "Your Greeting Card Competition" that encouraged people who don't work for the company to submit their ideas for new greeting cards to Hallmark.

Communication Champion

Believes that COMMUNICATION IS ESSENTIAL TO BUILDING TRUST and gaining commitment to a vision Leaders use; 1. Embeddedness 2. Sensegiving

In the context of organizational change, which of the following statements is true of disruptive innovations?

Companies that initiate disruptive innovations typically win big.

Relationships

Connectedness

Self-Discipline

Consistency

Imagine That Toys is relatively new in the toy industry. Founded just two years ago, Imagine That had huge success with its first toy, RoboDog, a robotic dog that could respond to three voice commands. It was unlike anything on the market at the time and flew off the shelves during the holidays. As Vice President and Head of Future Play, you oversee the Research and Development team at Imagine That Toys. You have called a meeting to discuss R&D's latest research findings and proposals for new toys. Natalie Rensing, R&D Associate, reveals two significant trends in the industry that Imagine That Toys could benefit from. The first trend is the popularity of adaptive learning toys. They are becoming very popular in the industry and there are currently only two other toy companies that make adaptive learning toys, but nothing like RoboDog. Natalie suggests that it would be fairly simple to adjust RoboDog to include adaptive learning technology. RoboDog could learn progressively harder tricks once the child has taught the toy an easier trick. The second trend is the popularity of educational toys. Currently one company dominates the market share of educational technology toys with a whopping 70% of the market. However, Natalie feels confident that RoboDog could be the answer to the educational trend as well. Imagine That could adapt RoboDog to ask children about letters or simple words. Parents could attach a USB cable to RoboDog and find out about their child's learning progress on Imagine That's website. Natalie is certain that either toy would be a home run. Is the decision that Imagine That Toys is facing a corporate- or business-level strategy decision?

Business-level strategy

In the traditional organizational development model, work is done

By individuals and in small groups

Challenge the Process

Challenging the process means being willing to change the status quo and step into the unknown.

Model of Interpersonal Communication (Diagram)

Circular diagram 1. Sender (interpret & formulate message) 2. Message (verbal, nonverbal symbols) 3. Receiver (interpret & formulate message) 4. Message (verbal, nonverbal symbols) -potential for error or misunderstanding at ANY TIME

Plymouth Machinery and Tools, a hardware company, has installed a new product management software in their factory locations. The intent is to streamline the supply and distribution processes for increased efficiency and lower costs. It is meant to be used by inventory managers who work the shop floor and assembly line. However, the managers need more information to understand the change. Which of the following change implementation tactics is best suited to be used in this scenario?

Communication and education

Dan's subordinates would prefer that he was more creative and innovative when helping them with organizational issues. Which of the following may be an example of Dan displaying his creativity and innovation, as perceived by his subordinates?

Dan brings in an outside consultant to help his team implement a strategy for innovation

According to the scenario, which of the following is the primary cause of disruption to Central Times's business environment?

Distribution of content on the Interne

Personality Characteristics of Charismatic Leadership

Dominant Desire to influence Self-confident Strong moral values

Inspire a Shared Vision

Effective leaders create compelling visions that can guide people's behavior.

Latoya recently fired an employee stealing from the vending machine in the breakroom, and she puts another employee on probation because he spends excessive time socializing with coworkers and customers. What is a likely outcome of Latoya's enthusiasm in enforcing ethical standards?

Employee fear could lead to lack of initiative.

You work for a company whose mobile apps help children with various kinds of learning disabilities complete schoolwork more easily. Your company markets its products primarily to parents, but it is beginning to approach school system administrators and teachers about using the software in the classroom. Currently, the research department determines what kinds of apps to make, the software development department makes the apps, and the marketing department sells the apps. To be competitive, it is necessary to constantly update products to reflect the latest learning science research and users' preferences. Your boss has read about the horizontal linkage model, shown above, and asks you how it might help the company innovate more effectively. If the company implements the horizontal linkage model, which of the following are likely to occur? Check all that apply.

Employees in marketing will pass along feedback to the software development and research departments about how enjoyable kids find the apps. Employees in research will share the latest learning science research with the marketing department so those employees can gauge its importance to customers. Cross-functional teams and/or task forces will be formed and meet regularly to coordinate activities between departments.

Imagine That's VP of Marketing, Eric Lawson, weighs in on each option. RoboDog with adaptive learning technology could really differentiate Imagine That in the industry. There are no other similar toys on the market that utilize adaptive learning and have proven sales like RoboDog. Eric suggests that Imagine That could charge a premium price for this RoboDog model and demand would still be through the roof. Eric suggests that the educational RoboDog is just as appealing. The popularity of RoboDog last holiday season lends itself to the idea of a cost leadership strategy. Imagine That can take advantage of supply-side economies of scale which allow the company to sell the new RoboDog at a lower cost. Additionally, if Imagine That could sell RoboDog with educational technology at a price lower than the competition, Eric feels confident that Imagine That could gain significant market share. What should Imagine That Toys do?

Engage in a differentiation strategy.

Noelani is a lower-level manager in a marketing firm and she appreciates the efforts the top-level executives make to establish an ethical culture at the company. How can Noelani contribute to this culture?

Engage with others openly and honestly

transformational factors

Factor 1 Idealized influence Charisma Factor 2 Inspirational motivation Factor 3 Intellectual stimulation Factor 4 Individualized consideration

transactional factors

Factor 5 Contingent reward Constructive transactions Factor 6 Management-by-exception Active and passive Corrective transactions

the nonleadership, nontransactional (Laissez-Faire)factor

Factor 7 Laissez-faire Nontransactional

A downside to enforcing ethical standards is that it forces a leader to lead through fear rather than lead with love.

False

A person in a lower-level management position has the power to establish a climate of procedural justice.

False

At stage 2 of personal diversity awareness, people are capable of integrating differences and adapting both cognitively and behaviorally. Question options: True False

False

Conflict does not occur within a healthy organization.

False

Ethical and moral leadership is primarily about the leader's thoughts, intentions, and values.

False

Female leaders are typically rated lower by subordinates on interpersonal skills as well as on factors such as task behavior, communication, and goal accomplishment. Question options: True False

False

Glass walls offer experience in areas such as line supervision that would enable women to advance to senior-level positions. Question options: True False

False

People in leadership roles typically operate at the post-conventional level of moral development.

False

Management at Work Advertising agencies are having a tough time these days. On one hand, traditional advertising has a glorious past, but on the other, today's advertising agencies need to readjust their structure and strategies for a digital age. The choice between going digital and staying with a more traditional approach is shown in the following diagram as a force-field analysis, with the factors for change on the left and the factors against change on the right. The numbers in parentheses represent the strength of each factor, and you can select "Total" to see a visual representation of the combined effects of change. Which of the following factors would keep an ad agency from changing in this situation?

High commissions associated with traditional advertising. Memories of past success.

Adaptive Work

Holding Environment Leader Followers Interaction

Your best friend is coming over to give you an exercise pep talk. According to force-field analysis, what's the best topic for the talk?

How much exercise you can get into very short periods of time.

Aline works for a company that manufacturers camping gear period she realizes their customer base likely cares about nature so she initiates a program to donate 5% of every tent purchase to a conservation nonprofit. How might this move benefit Aline's company?

If they develop a strong reputation for conservationism customers will be willing to pay more for their products

Aline works for a company that manufactures camping gear. She realizes their customer base likely cares about nature, so she initiates a program to donate 5 percent of every tent purchase to a conservation nonprofit. How might this move benefit Aline's company?

If they develop a strong reputation for conservationism, customers will be willing to pay more for their products.

Management in Life Ivan's term paper for his marketing class deals with the product development process. Ivan has decided to use some of his knowledge from his management class to write the paper, and he's collected a number of examples of different innovation strategies. Which of the following examples involve an innovation roles strategy?

In 1943, a small team of Lockheed Martin engineers designed and built a new fighter jet in only 143 days. One of the rules for the team encouraged them to allow vendors to do basic inspections, thus allowing the team (known as the SKUNK WORKS) to spend more of their time on creating the product. Nissan's CEO, Carlos Ghosn, stubbornly insisted on investing in an all-electric car, even when his 350,000 employees were against it. The result was the Leaf, the first mass-market, zero-emission car.

Sensegiving

Influencing how others make sense of the organization, WHERE THEY FIT within it, and the PURPOSE OF THEIR WORK

Adaptive Leadership Defined

It focuses primarily on how leaders help others do the work they need to do, in order to adapt to the challenges they face.

In the context of the three stages of organization development (OD) for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change, which of the following statements is true of the unfreezing stage?

It is often associated with diagnosis, which uses an outside expert called a change agent.

Moral reasoning

It is the capacity to make ethical decisions about issues of right or wrong and good or bad.

three levels of personal moral development

LEVEL 1 PRECONVENTIONAL (EGOCENTRIC) follows rules; acts in own interest; blind obedience to authority LEVEL 2-CONVENTIONAL (CONFORM) MOST HERE lives up to expectations; fulfills duties and obligations of social system; upholds laws LEVEL 3- POSTCONVENTIONAL (PRINCIPLED) 20% HERE follows internalized universal principles of justice and right; balances concern for self with concern for others; independent and ethical

Encourage the Heart

Leaders encourage the heart by rewarding others for their accomplishments.

A Continuum Channel Richness (Diagram)

Low Channel Richness: -Adv: provides record, premeditated, easily disseminated -Disadv: impersonal, one-way, slow feedback High Channel Richness: -Adv: personal, two-way, fast feedback -Disadv: no record, spontaneous, dissemination hard 1. formal report 2. memos, letters 3. e-mail, text, internet 4. telephone 5. face-to-face verbal

RAG Janitorial has been in business for 30 years. Recently, the employees at RAG proposed a new team-based structure for the organization. Cleaning crews would be created by region, and each crew would have a floor specialist, an upholstery specialist, a wood specialist, and a general helper. The employees believe that work will be done faster and more efficiently under this structure. Management is opposed because they believe that the new structure will require more employees and raise costs. The most likely cause of resistance to change in this situation is:

Managers and employees having different goals

Communication

Process by which INFO and understanding are TRANSFERRED BETWEEN SENDER & RECEIVER

Channel

Medium by which a communication MESSAGE IS CARRIED FROM SENDER TO RECEIVER

Drew is Mike's Department Manager. Drew's department is taking on an assignment that requires a high level of creativity. Drew is assessing whether Mike would be a good fit for being the project lead. Which of the following traits best indicate whether Mike would be a good fit to take the lead on this highly creative project?

Mike is inventive and resourceful when faced with a challenge.

In the context of change implementation tactics, a(n) _________is a disparity between existing and desired performance levels.

Need for change

In the context of change implementation tactics, _________uses formal bargaining to win acceptance and approval of a desired change.

Negotiation

The most effective tactic for implementing change in this situation would be:

Negotiation

You work for a company whose mobile apps help children with various kinds of learning disabilities complete schoolwork more easily. Your company markets its products primarily to parents, but it is beginning to approach school system administrators and teachers about using the software in the classroom. Currently, the research department determines what kinds of apps to make, the software development department makes the apps, and the marketing department sells the apps. To be competitive, it is necessary to constantly update products to reflect the latest learning science research and users' preferences. Your boss has read about the horizontal linkage model, shown above, and asks you how it might help the company innovate more effectively. Which of the following would likely result from implementing the horizontal linkage model? Check all that apply.

New products will incorporate most or all of the relevant information, such as the latest research on dyslexia, to make them successful in the market. New ideas will be generated by lower-level employees as they interact with people in other departments and people outside the organization. New products will be brought to market more quickly and efficiently, lowering costs and making this company a market leader.

The company's main product is becoming obsolete, and its last two efforts to introduce a new product have failed.

Organizational Development

Enable Others to Act

Outstanding leaders are effective at working with people.

The most effective tactic for implementing change in this situation would be:

Participation

Strategic Conversations

People TALKING ACROSS BOUNDARIES & HIERARCHICAL LEVELS about: 1. group or organization's vision 2. critical strategic themes 3. values that can help achieve desired outcomes

In the context of organizational change, which of the following statements is true of the horizontal linkage model?

People from all departments meet frequently in teams and task forces to share ideas and solve problems.

Last year, the CEO of Aguirre Advertising put $50,000 in the company budget to make sure that the company changes this year. According to force-field analysis, what's the best way to spend that money?

Provide employees with training in digital technologies.

Passion

Purpose

The CEO of AA Ads just came to you and said, "It's time for us to go digital. What should I do first?" According to force-field analysis, you should tell the CEO to:

Restructure the agency

You have just started a new web-based business, and now you realize that if you want your company to succeed, you will have to create at least 10 new products over the next six months. Which of the following organizational characteristics would not help the company to be more creative? Check all that apply.

Run the company like a tight ship. Create rules about how much creativity is expected and ensure that people follow them. Set up a reward system that encourages success. Pay people only for doing things that make the company more profitable. Hire only recognized experts, and don't hire anyone who is eccentric.

As a new manager, Sasha has been described as creatively innovative. Which of the following behaviors support Sasha as being a creatively innovative manager?

Sasha utilizes resources outside of her department to aid in assisting her department's goals.

four components form the foundation for a theory of authentic leadership

Self-awareness Internalized moral perspective Balanced processing Relational transparency

Dan's Driving School has traditionally been open from 3:00 PM until 10:00 PM, the prime hours for teaching high school students to drive. Now, Dan wants to keep the school open from 7:00 AM until 10:00 PM. Dan's driving instructors, many of them school teachers, are angry because the changed hours will interfere with their teaching jobs. Dan's business depends on these teachers because they are the only people patient enough to deal with inexperienced drivers. The most likely cause of resistance to change in this situation is:

Self-interest on the part of the employees

Behaviors of Charismatic Leadership

Sets strong role model Shows competence Articulates goals Communicates high expectations Expresses confidence Arouses motives

One of Tina's team members disagreed with a change Tina suggested to the team. Since that disagreement, Tina has avoided the team member and has not provided them with feedback or additional assignments. How is Tina failing to demonstrate ethical and moral leadership?

She is displaying abusive behavior.

Kaisa is a team lead for a customer service team. The team supervisor is an avid sports fan and has built relationships with several other sports fans on the team. The group goes to sporting events together and discuss the latest game at work. Kaisa Has noticed that members of this group receives better assignments and they're given more responsibilities than others on the team. She approaches her boss and raises her concerns about what she has seen. How is Kaisa demonstrating ethical and moral leadership?

She is showing courage by speaking up against immoral behavior

Kaisa is a team lead for a customer service team. The team's supervisor is an avid sports fan and has built relationships with several other sports fans on the team. The group goes to sporting events together and discuss the latest games at work. Kaisa has noticed that members of this group receive better assignments, and they're given more responsibility than others on the team. She approaches her boss and raises her concerns about what she has seen. How is Kaisa demonstrating ethical and moral leadership?

She is showing courage by speaking up against immoral behavior.

Listening

Skill of grasping and interpreting a message's genuine meaning •Taken for granted; -People focus on presenting their own ideas more effectively •Effective listening is engaged listening

The chief advantage of bottom-up approaches and internal innovation contests is that both of these techniques:

Solicit new ideas from existing employees

Which of the following behaviors shows true grit?

Staying late to finish a job

Situational Challenges

Technical Challenges Technical and Adaptive Challenges Adaptive Challenges

To reduce the time repair technicians need to spend traveling from one customer to the next, an appliance repair company could make a __________________ , becoming more efficient and hopefully more profitable.

Technology Change

Imagine That Toys moved forward using a differentiation strategy and created the adaptive learning RoboDog. Sales for RoboDog were high last holiday season and the popularity of adaptive learning toys continues to rise. There is surprisingly little competition from new companies and the two current competitors that make adaptive learning toys have only made small improvements to existing products. Imagine That, focused on the upcoming holiday season, has added RoboCat and RoboDino to its adaptive learning product line. Imagine That has ramped up production to meet anticipated holiday demand. Alex Jorgenson, the purchasing manager, approaches you about a potential problem with a supplier. "I contacted Verotech to purchase additional microchips for our next production batch and they informed me that the price on the microchips increased—by more than double," he tells you. "What should I do? I'm not sure we have enough time to find a new supplier without disrupting production." What do you tell Alex?

Tell Alex to place the order. Imagine That cannot afford to halt production this close to the holiday season. Imagine That can work on finding a new supplier after the holiday rush. In the meantime, Imagine That will maintain its profits by raising the price of RoboDog, RoboCat, and RoboDino and essentially passing the microchip price increase on to the consumer. The price increase will be minimal thanks to Imagine That's large scale production and the consumer won't even notice.

One change that Seth mentions is the PlantBottle. Another is using grape juice instead of sugar to sweeten drinks. What is true about these changes?

The PlantBottle is a potentially disruptive innovation; grape juice-sweetened drinks are a product change

Regulate Distress

The adaptive leader needs to monitor the stress people are experiencing and keep it within a productive range.

In the context of the three stages of organization development (OD) for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change, which of the following occurs during the refreezing stage?

The impact of new behaviors of individuals is evaluated and reinforced.

Which of the following statements is true of managers of creative organizations?

They drive out the fear of making mistakes that can inhibit creative thinking.

Optimism

refers to the cognitive process of viewing situations from a positive light and having favorable expectations about the future.

Management at Work Advertising agencies are having a tough time these days. On one hand, traditional advertising has a glorious past, but on the other, today's advertising agencies need to readjust their structure and strategies for a digital age. The choice between going digital and staying with a more traditional approach is shown in the following diagram as a force-field analysis, with the factors for change on the left and the factors against change on the right. The numbers in parentheses represent the strength of each factor, and you can select "Total" to see a visual representation of the combined effects of change. Which of the following factors would lead an ad agency to change in this situation?

The loss of traditional advertising outlets Customers expecting highly interactive advertising

Model the Way

To model the way, leaders need to be clear about their own values and philosophy.

A benefit of employee affinity groups is that people often obtain sponsors through their affiliation with the groups. Question options: True False

True

All leaders need to be aware of the impact that culture may have and consider cultural values in their dealings with employees. Question options: True False

True

Honesty includes both telling the truth in acts of commission and not withholding important information in acts of omission.

True

In interactive leadership, the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process. Question options: True False

True

In the United States, leaders with a more universalist approach to ethics tend to be seen as more ethical than leaders with a relativist approach.

True

Intellectual stimulation, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways. Question options: True False

True

It is imperative that leaders in international organizations learn to understand local cultures and deal with them effectively. Question options: True False

True

The levels of moral development should not be seen as progressive stages because an individual can be different levels at the same time.

True

Effects on Followers of Charismatic Leadership

Trust in leader's ideology Belief similarity between leader and follower Unquestioning acceptance Affection toward leader Obedience Identification with leader Emotional involvement Heightened goals Increased confidence

Until recently, The Wisdom Den, a national chain of libraries, hired employees to manually manage annual subscriptions and keep a track of the books issued to customers. However, it has now replaced the old method and upgraded to a database software which is fairly simple to use. Although the implementation of the computerized system is certain to make the librarians' job easier, the change has resulted in a lot of resistance from them. Which of the following options is most likely to be the reason behind the resistance and conflict?

Uncertainty

Behavior

Values

stewardship

a belief that leaders are deeply accountable to others as well as to the organization, without trying to control others, define meaning and purpose for others, or take care of others

stewardship

a belief that leaders are deeply accountable to others as well as to the organization, without trying to control others, define meaning and purpose for others, or take care of others.

Managers conduct ________ when they consider the problems and opportunities that drive change and the factors that restrain change.

a force-field analysis

Managers conduct ___________ when they consider the problems and opportunities that drive change and the factors that restrain change.

a force-field analysis

Complexity Leadership Theory

a framework designed to explain leadership for organizations of the 21st century that concentrate on knowledge or information as a core commodity rather than the production of goods that was prevalent in the industrial era

Groupon may have felt ___________ when it repeatedly missed goals for revenues and profits, negotiated less favorable deals with merchants, and saw a sharp drop in share price.

a need for change

The word charisma was first used to describe

a special gift that certain individuals possess that gives them the capacity to do extraordinary things.

Which of the following factors has led to an expanding attitude toward diversity? Question options: a) Changing demographics b) Growing population c) Increasing salaries d) Improving technology

a) Changing demographics

According to a recent study, what is the effect of having more women on a team? Question options: a) Higher collective intelligence b) Higher education level c) Higher salaries d) Less creativity

a) Higher collective intelligence

Which of the following statements is true of a diverse workforce? Question options: a) It can build stronger connections with various customers. b) It degrades the value of an organization. c) It causes an organization to lose its competitive advantage. d) It reinforces the glass ceiling in an organization.

a) It can build stronger connections with various customers.

_____ refers to an adverse feeling or opinion formed without regard for the facts. Question options: a) Prejudice b) Ethnocentrism c) Social loafing d) Deindividuation

a) Prejudice

All organizations need _____ to achieve high performance. Question options: a) diversity of thought b) passive bias c) ethnocentrism d) high power distance

a) diversity of thought

Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is known as _____. Question options: a) gender discrimination b) passive bias c) unconscious bias d) ethnic discrimination

a) gender discrimination

Halil wants to lead his team ethically, but in order to understand how to be an ethical or moral leader he must consider his own personal ____

moral development

Grace and Richard work for QWERTY Corp. They have similar experience and both have been promoted to senior managers for a new project. However, Grace is paid less than Richard for the same work. This is an example of: Question options: a) gender discrimination. b) stereotyping. c) inclusion. d) ethnic bias.

a) gender discrimination.

Ethnocentrism is the belief that: Question options: a) one's culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures. b) all cultures have value. c) everyone in an organization has the same values, beliefs, and motivations. d) everyone in an organization has the same attitudes about work and life.

a) one's culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures.

According to Hofstede's social value system, high power distance means that: Question options: a) people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and individuals. b) members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity. c) people prefer a loosely knit social framework in which individuals take care of themselves. d) members of a society value relationships, cooperation, and group decision making.

a) people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and individuals.

Stereotyping is an aspect of _____. Question options: a) prejudice. b) ethnocentrism. c) discrimination. d) bias.

a) prejudice.

Organizations establish workforce diversity programs to: Question options: a) promote the hiring of diverse employees. b) ensure that differences are not accepted. c) hamper the career advancement of diverse employees. d) reinforce the glass ceiling trends.

a) promote the hiring of diverse employees.

The manager of a company situated in the country of Aria lost a business deal with a company situated in the country of Iota. The Arian manager complained to the Iotan higher-level executives when he couldn't obtain information from his counterparts in Iota. The higher-level Iotan executives were offended by his behavior. The Arian manager was surprised since hierarchy was never a matter of concern in his country. In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true? Question options: a) Behavior is perceived differently from culture to culture. b) The manager from Aria had an ethnocentric point of view. c) The company in Iota should adopt the ways of the company in Aria. d) The company in Iota reinforces the glass ceiling.

a) Behavior is perceived differently from culture to culture.

The following chart gives you an overview of the tactics for overcoming resistance to change. Fill in the missing labels.

a. communication , education users need accurate information and analysis to understand change change is technical b.participation design requires information from others users have power to resist users need to feel involved-negotiation group has power over implementation group will lose out in the change c. coercion initiators clearly have power other implementation techniques have failed a crisis exists d. top management support change involves multiple departments or reallocation of resources users doubt legitimacy of change

service orientation

an adaptive leader uses his or her expertise or authority to serve the people by diagnosing their problems and prescribing possible solutions.

Engaging in innovation requires a looser structure, while implementing new ideas requires a more rigid structure. Organizations can meet both needs by using ____________.

an ambidextrous approach

The idealized influence factor is measured on two components:

an attributional component that refers to the attributions of leaders made by followers based on perceptions they have of their leaders, and a behavioral component that refers to followers' observations of leader behavior.

critical life events

are major events that shape people's lives

Technical Challenges

are problems in the workplace or community that are clearly defined with known solutions that can be implemented through existing organizational rules and procedures.

Adaptive Challenges

are problems that are not clear-cut or easy to identify.They cannot be solved by the leader's authority or expertise or through the normal ways of doing things in the organization.

productive norms

are the rules of behavior that are established and shared by group members and are not easily changed.

Leadership

around work and how people are mobilized to do work. It is not defined by position, so anyone can exhibit leadership.

Leon has attended several seminars about managing a diverse workforce. After completing a survey, he determines that he is able to empathize with people from other cultures. Which stage of personal diversity awareness has Leon achieved? Question options: a) Acceptance b) Adaptation c) Integration d) Defense

b) Adaptation

Which of the following terms identifies an action that is illegal in the United States? Question options: a) Stereotyping b) Discrimination c) Prejudice d) Ethnocentrism

b) Discrimination

Which of the following statements is true of diversity? Question options: a) It hampers the relationship of the organization with customers. b) It helps develop employee potential. c) It reinforces the glass ceiling. d) It provides less organizational flexibility.

b) It helps develop employee potential.

When a leader and company act out prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice, _____ occurs. Question options: a) unconscious bias b) discrimination c) inclusion d) uncertainty avoidance

b) discrimination

When Melanie moved to Japan, she refused to learn anything about the Japanese culture. Instead, she fiercely clung to all of the culture and customs from her homeland. Melanie is practicing _____. Question options: a) prejudice b) ethnocentrism c) discrimination d) stereotyping

b) ethnocentrism

According to the Hofstede studies, _____ reflects the values of relationships, cooperation, group decision making, and quality of life. Question options: a) collectivism b) femininity c) masculinity d) uncertainty avoidance

b) femininity

In stage 1 of personal diversity awareness, _____. Question options: a) diversity is inherent in the culture, and the organization is gender- and color-blind b) legal requirements are met, but diversity is viewed as a problem c) top-level leaders are committed to diversity d) diversity is viewed as a competitive weapon

b) legal requirements are met, but diversity is viewed as a problem

in the United States, some women leaders feel that the cost of climbing the corporate ladder is too high and they leave before ever encountering the glass ceiling. This phenomenon has been referred to as the: Question options: a) capacity for collaboration. b) opt-out trend. c) diversity for thought. d) unconscious bias theory.

b) opt-out trend.

Employees belonging to a certain religion at a meatpacking plant in the country of Atria protested against not being allowed extra break times to pray during their holy month. Employees not belonging to that religion felt that allowing extra breaks would amount to "preferential treatment." In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true? Question options: a) Leaders at the plant were ethnocentric. b) Power distance was high in the plant. c) Cultural differences provide potential for conflicts. d) People in the country of Atria are prejudiced.

c) Cultural differences provide potential for conflicts.

How can a company reduce the difficulties faced by women and minorities in its workforce? Question options: a) Make some attitudes and actions illegal. b) Encourage managers to hire workers who are similar to them. c) Establish diversity training programs. d) Hire women and minorities who are not qualified for management positions.

c) Establish diversity training programs.

Which of the following is a dimension of the traditional model of diversity? Question options: a) Work style b) Military experience c) Pay level d) Nationality

c) Pay level

Which of the following statements is true of the glass ceiling? Question options: a) When executives choose a successor for a top position, they tend to choose someone who is different from them. b) The existence of "glass walls" facilitates important lateral movement within an organization. c) Prevailing attitudes are invisible obstacles to women's advancement. d) Women represent a large percentage of top executives and board members in American companies.

c) Prevailing attitudes are invisible obstacles to women's advancement.

In the context of the survey of followers, which of the following statements is true of female leaders? Question options: a) They have more aggressiveness than male leaders. b) They provide less inspirational motivation than male leaders. c) They are more individually considerate than male leaders. d) They offer less intellectual stimulation than male leaders.

c) They are more individually considerate than male leaders.

Which of the following statements is true of interactive leaders? Question options: a) They are competitive and aggressive. b) They favor an individualistic approach to work. c) They favor a consensual process. d) They are power-and-authority-oriented.

c) They favor a consensual process.

Pamela became the intern supervisor after Hank noticed the positive way the interns respond to Pamela's management style. They trusted and respected her—even before she became the group's manager. This is an example of: Question options: a) individual consideration. b) inspirational motivation. c) idealized influence. d) intellectual stimulation.

c) idealized influence.

Jake is moving from Costa Rica to Australia to manage a new division of his company. After using Hofstede's research to investigate the country's cultural values, Jake sees individualism is ranked much higher in Australia. This tells him that he can expect that: Question options: a) workers prefer conformity. b) people want equality in power. c) people will take care of themselves. d) achievement is important to workers.

c) people will take care of themselves.

According to a report from the National Bureau of Economic Research, white-sounding names got 50 percent more call-backs than African American-sounding names, even when skills and experience were equal. This is an example of _____ in the workplace. Question options: a) active bias b) conscious bias c) unconscious bias d) deliberate bias

c) unconscious bias

As Cleo grows older, she begins thinking about life more through the lens of moral reasoning. What is Cleo developing with this process?

character

The four key positive psychological attributes that have an impact on authentic leadership

confidence, hope, optimism, and resilience

authoritarian leader

control; obedient subordinates

Reese volunteers for a local nonprofit that focuses on environmental issues period at work he often applies the ethics and guidelines he learned from his volunteer service period what level of moral development does this represent?

conventional

Reese volunteers for a local nonprofit that focuses on environmental issues. At work, he often applies the ethics and guidelines he has learned from his volunteer service. What level of moral development does this represent?

conventional

____ refers to a person's ability to use reasoning and observation skills to interpret unfamiliar gestures and situations and devise appropriate behavioral responses. Question options: a) Emotional intelligence b) Artificial intelligence c) Interpersonal intelligence d) Cultural intelligence

d) Cultural intelligence

__, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways. Question options: a) Individual consideration b) Inspirational motivation c) Idealized influence d) Intellectual stimulation

d) Intellectual stimulation

___ refers to strong support from a powerfully positioned executive who is willing to put his or her reputation on the line to promote an individual's advancement to higher organizational levels. Question options: a) Employee affinity b) Ethnocentrism c) Prejudice d) Sponsorship

d) Sponsorship

he inclusive model of diversity includes differences in: Question options: a) lifestyle only. b) a limited number of technological skills. c) only a worker's level of job expertise. d) all of an individual's characteristics.

d) all of an individual's characteristics.

A factor contributing to increased acceptance of diversity is: Question options: a) discrimination. b) passive bias. c) uncertainty avoidance. d) globalization.

d) globalization.

In many European languages, the meaning of "diversity" is different from the U.S. term because the closest word implies: Question options: a) better than. b) togetherness. c) the same as. d) separation.

d) separation.

Idealized Influence. Factor 1

describes leaders who act as strong role models for followers; followers identify with these leaders and want very much to emulate them.

Randall is the CEO of a company that publishes children's books. He believes child literacy in underprivileged communities is important, and decides the company will make an annual donation of books to community centers in these areas, even though it is costly. In terms of corporate social responsibility, what kind of orientation does this represent?

integrator

Flare, an electronics company, created a low-cost, handheld washer that could run on solar-powered battery. The product was also portable and could clean clothes with minimal water usage. This product was initially not seen as a threat by washing machine manufacturers, but it slowly attracted their customers and gained a dominant share in the market. As a result, the traditional washing machine manufacturing companies underwent huge losses and most of them went out of business. In this scenario, the handheld washer is an example of _____.

disruptive innovation

moral leadership

distinguishing right from wrong and doing right; seeking the just, honest and good in the practice of leadership

moral leadership

distinguishing right from wrong and doing right; seeking the just, honest, and good in the practice of leadership.

Dialogue (Diagram)

divergent and convergent thinking helps to bring about multiple perspectives, opinions, and answers •Slow down •Listen more than talk •Focus on the whole •Many people have pieces of the answer •Everyone is heard Result •See bigger picture •Long-term innovative solution •Fix the big issue •All on board for decision

People who have true grit

don't give up when faced with resistance.

whistleblowing

employee disclosure of illegal, immoral, or unethical practices in the organization

whistleblowing

employee disclosure of illegal, immoral, or unethical practices in the organization.

Give the Work Back to the People

empowering people to decide what to do in circumstances where they feel uncertain, expressing belief in their ability to solve their own problems, and encouraging them to think for themselves rather than thinking for them.

stewardship leader

empowerment; self-responsible employees

The goal of adaptive leadership is to

encourage people to change and learn new ways of living so that they may do well and grow.

Noelani is a lower-level manager in a marketing firm, and she appreciates the efforts the top-level executives make to establish an ethical culture at the company. How can Noelani contribute to this culture?

engage with others openly and honestly

psychotherapy perspective

explain how people accomplish adaptive work.

A company has strong __________ if it continuously seeks new ideas from customers and from looks for ways to use new technologies

external coordination

A company has strong ___________ if it continuously seeks new ideas from customers and from looks for ways to use new technologies.

external coordination

A person in a lower-level management position has the power to establish a climate of procedural justice

false

Ethical and moral leadership is primarily about the leader's thoughts, intentions, and values

false

People in leadership roles typically operate at the post-conventional level of moral development

false

Authentic Leadership

focuses on whether leadership is genuine and "real."

What characteristic do people often think of first when considering traits of an ideal leader?

integrity

Conflict management

refers to the leader's responsibility to handle conflict effectively.

The authors theorize that authentic transformational leadership is positively associated with

group ethical climate, decision making, and moral action. In the future, research is needed to test the validity of the assumptions laid out in this model.

Abdo find out that a member of his quality control team is not following proper processes. Although it allows them to produce their product faster it could lead to important quality and even safety risks down the line. Abdo issues in official disciplinary warning to the employee. How is he demonstrating ethical and moral?

he is enforcing ethical standards

Wes company is going through a significant restructuring including splitting Wes department into two departments. Wes shares this information with his team early on allowing them to voice their questions and concerns. how is he demonstrating ethical and moral leadership

he is openly sharing organizational information

In the context of change implementation tactics, the participation approach:

helps managers understand the differences in perceptions of change among employees.

Why was the grit scale used to predict achievement among cadets at West Point and at the final round of the Scripps National Spelling Bee? These are situations that show

how an individual behaves under pressure.

To sort out the complexities related to the "moral uplifting" component of authentic transformational leadership, Zhu, Avolio, Riggio, and Sosik (2011) proposed a theoretical model examining

how authentic transformational leadership influences the ethics of individual followers and groups.

a preliminary model of pseudotransformational leadership that reflected four components of transformational leadership discussed later in this chapter:

idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.

In the context of change implementation tactics, the coercion approach is used:

in crisis situations when a rapid response is necessary.

Intellectual Stimulation. Factor 3

includes leadership that stimulates followers to be creative and innovative and to challenge their own beliefs and values as well as those of the leader and the organization.

Facebook purchased Oculus VR, a startup that makes the Oculus Rift headset used for virtual reality games, in the hopes of bringing that technology to many other customers. The social media giant was engaged in____________ .

innovation by aquisition

Randall is the CEO of a company that publishes children's books he believes children literacy in underprivileged communities is important and decides the company will make an annual donation of books to the community center in these areas even though it's costly period in terms of corporate social responsibility what kind of orientation does this represent?

integrator

Halil wants to lead his team ethically, but in order to understand how to be an ethical or moral leader, he must consider his own personal

moral development

Rachel in manufacturing comes up with an idea for making a product more efficiently, but it requires that the product be designed a little differently. She meets with some engineers at her company to discuss what kind of redesign is possible. This is an example of ________

internal coordination

A company that offers $1,000 for the best idea an employee submits each quarter is running

internal innovation contest

Providing direction

involves helping identify the adaptive challenges that others face and then framing these so they can be addressed.

Get on the Balcony

is a metaphor for stepping out of the fray and finding perspective in the midst of a challenging situation.

Hope

is a positive motivational state based on willpower and goal planning

transformational leadership

is a process that changes and transforms people

adaptive leadership

is about how leaders encourage people to adapt—to face and deal with problems, challenges, and changes.

Contingent Reward. Factor 5

is an exchange process between leaders and followers in which effort by followers is exchanged for specified rewards.

Inspirational Motivation. Factor 2

is descriptive of leaders who communicate high expectations to followers, inspiring them through motivation to become committed to and a part of the shared vision in the organization.

Management-by-Exception. Factor 6

is leadership that involves corrective criticism, negative feedback, and negative reinforcement. takes two forms: active and passive.

Individualized Consideration. Factor 4

is representative of leaders who provide a supportive climate in which they listen carefully to the individual needs of followers.

Authentic transformational leadership

is socialized leadership, which is concerned with the collective good.

Resilience

is the capacity to recover from and adjust to adverse situations.

Orientation

is the responsibility a leader has to orient people to new roles and responsibilities that may accompany adaptive change.

What is a likely team consequence of leaders displaying hostile behaviors, both verbal and nonverbal?

lack of innovation

Conversation

lack of understanding, disagreement, divergent points of views, not revealing true feelings

Lukas is a top-level executive of an accounting firm, and he wants to create an ethical climate in his organization. What can Lukas do to help create this climate?

lead by example

servant leadership

leadership in which the leader transcends self-interest to serve the needs of others, help others grow, and provide opportunities for others to gain materially and emotionally

servant leadership

leadership in which the leader transcends self-interest to serve the needs of others, help others grow, and provide opportunities for others to gain materially and emotionally.

Identify Adaptive Challenges

means leaders need to focus their attention on problems they cannot solve themselves and that demand collaboration between the leader and followers.

Protect Leadership Voices from Below

means that adaptive leaders have to be cautious to listen and be open to the ideas of people who may be at the fringe, marginalized, or even deviant in the group or organization.

Maintain Disciplined Attention

means that the leader needs to encourage people to focus on the tough work they need to do.

Adaptive leaders engage in activities that

mobilize, motivate, organize, orient, and focus the attention of others

Heifetz and his colleagues suggest that "adaptive leadership is the practice of

mobilizing people to tackle tough challenges and thrive"

Even non-technology companies like GE and Sears are engaged in ___________ by using open source software, releasing the code and allowing anyone to develop applications with. This approach reduces costs and reduces the time it takes to bring a product to market.

open innovation

A national fast food chain announces they're raising their minimum wage. Then they cut a significant portion of their staff to ensure they don't lose any money with this change and spend millions on the advertising campaign highlighting the increase in pay period in terms of corporate social responsibility what kind of orientation does this represent

opportunity seeker

A national fast-food chain announces they're raising their minimum wage. Then they cut a significant portion of their staff to ensure they don't lose any money with this change, and spend millions on an advertising campaign highlighting the increase in pay. In terms of corporate social responsibility, what kind of orientation does this represent?

opportunity seeker

interpersonal process

outlines authentic leadership as relational, created by leaders and followers together

participative leader

participation; team players

Pseudotransformational leadership is considered

personalized leadership, which focuses on the leader's own interests rather than on the interests of others.

Claudia's team is struggling to meet a deadline when one member informs her that he just learned his father is terminally ill. Despite the tight timeline Claudia takes the time to listen to her employee share about his father and she grants his request to take the remainder of the day off period what level of moral development does this represent?

post-conventional

Claudia's team is struggling to meet a deadline when one member informs her that he just learned his father is terminally ill. Despite the tight timeline, Claudia takes the time to listen to her employee share about his father, and she grants his request to take the remainder of the day off. What level of moral development does this represent?

post-conventional

Duy's team recently had a software issue so they are turning in paper time cards instead of punching in and out on a timecard. Duy considers changing his time card to say that he came in earlier than he did but chooses not to do it because he's afraid of getting in trouble if he gets caught. what level of moral development does this represent

pre-conventional

Duy's team recently had a software issue, so they are turning in paper timecards instead of punching in and out on a timeclock. Duy considers changing his timecard to say that he came in earlier than he did, but chooses not to do it because he is afraid of getting in trouble if he gets caught. What level of moral development does this represent?

pre-conventional

If an organization's method of making decisions is devoid of favoritism, biases, and personal interests, then that organization demonstrates

procedural justice

five dimensions of authentic leadership identified by George:

purpose, values, relationships, self-discipline, and heart.

The large-group intervention organizational development model leads to

rapid transformation

biological perspective.

recognizes that people develop and evolve as a result of having to adapt to both their internal cues/state and external environments.

Protection

refers to a leader's responsibility to manage the rate of adaptive change.

Internalized moral perspective

refers to a self-regulatory process whereby individuals use their internal moral standards and values to guide their behavior rather than allow outside pressures to control them

Balanced processing

refers to an individual's ability to analyze information objectively and explore other people's opinions before making a decision.

Relational transparency

refers to being open and honest in presenting one's true self to others.

Confidence

refers to having self-efficacy—the belief that one has the ability to successfully accomplish a specified task.

Pseudotransformational Leadership

refers to leaders who are self-consumed, exploitive, and power oriented, with warped moral values

Laissez-Faire. Factor 7

represents the absence of leadership. takes a "hands-off, let-things-ride" approach This leader abdicates responsibility, delays decisions, gives no feedback, and makes little effort to help followers satisfy their needs.

Authority

revolves around power and how it is formally (e.g., position) and informally (e.g., admiration) conferred to leaders by followers.

Walumbwa et al, authentic leadership is composed of four distinct but related components:

self-awareness, internalized moral perspective, balanced processing, and relational transparency

In Kanika's leadership she focuses on her responsibilities to others including mentoring and looking out for the welfare of team members. What form of leadership does Kanika practice?

servant leadership

In Kanika's leadership, she focuses on her responsibilities to others, including mentoring and looking out for the welfare of team members. What form of leadership does Kanika practice?

servant leadership

servant leader

service; whole employees

Heifetz & Sinder offer a visual representation of the major components of adaptive leadership and how they fit together, including

situational challenges, leader behaviors, and adaptive work.

The Google X Lab is a secretive _____________, where employees work on technologies that sound like science fiction.

skunkworks

Discussion/Debate (Diagram)

straight line conversation provides a speedy decision with minimal conflict •No time •Talk more than listen •Focus on my interests •Defensive listening •Assume you have right answers •Persuade, sell, and find flaws Result •Retain fixed mindset •Short-term solution •Ratify your position •Others beaten down

Sometimes when an organization first starts horizontal coordination efforts to promote innovation, ________________ is needed to help employees communicate with each other and constructively deal with conflict.

team building

Taco Bell and McDonald's are considering adding kiosks in restaurants for customers to place their orders. This ______________ will hopefully make the ordering process more efficient and increase accuracy.

technology change

adaptive leadership stresses

the activities of the leader in relation to the work of followers in the contexts in which they find themselves.

Adaptive leadership focuses on

the adaptations required of people in response to changing environments.

Transactional leadership refers to

the bulk of leadership models, which focus on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers.

Technical and Adaptive Challenges

the challenges are clearly defined but do not have distinct straightforward solutions within the existing organizational system

preconventional level

the level of personal moral development in which individuals are egocentric and concerned with receiving external rewards and avoiding punishments.

postconventional level

the level of personal moral development in which leaders are guided by an internalized set of principles universally recognized as right.

conventional level

the level of personal moral development in which people learn to conform to the expectations of good behavior as defined by colleagues, family, and society.

courage

the mental and moral strength to engage in, persevere through, and withstand danger, difficulty or fear

courage

the mental and moral strength to engage in, persevere through, and withstand danger, difficulty, or fear.

Ziad is struggling to balance the need for his team to be consistent in how they perform their work while still allowing the flexibility to make exceptions with needed. Similarly, he's struggling to find the balance between maintaining high standards while also allowing his followers to make mistakes. These are examples of

the paradox of control

transformational leadership is

the process whereby a person engages with others and creates a connection that raises the level of motivation and morality in both the leader and the follower.

Conceptually, the process of adaptive leadership incorporates ideas from four different viewpoints:

the systems, biological, service orientation, and psychotherapy perspectives

Abilene Paradox

the tendency of people to resist voicing their true thoughts or feeling in order to please others and avoid conflict

Abilene paradox

the tendency of people to resist voicing their true thoughts or feelings in order to please others and avoid conflict.

systems perspective

this approach assumes that many problems people face are actually embedded in complicated interactive systems.

According to the paradox of control, what is the best way for a leader to maintain control?

to let go of control

One of Sorina's employees recommends the company transition to more environmentally-friendly shipping materials, but Sorina is hesitant to make this change. She feels a sense of responsibility to company stockholders, and since this will not increase profits, she feels it would be irresponsible. In terms of corporate social responsibility, what kind of orientation does this represent?

traditional economist

One of Sorina's employees recommends the company transitions to be more environmentally friendly shipping materials but Sorina is hesitant to make this change. She feels a sense of responsibility to company stockholders and since this will not increase profits she feels it would be irresponsible. In terms of corporate social responsibility what kind of orientation does this represent?

traditional economist

An organization invests in ___________ to help certain employees improve a given skill or set of skills.

training

Employees in the accounts payable department have difficulty communicating with people who submit and approve invoices.

training

Honesty includes both telling the truth in acts of commission and not withholding important information in acts of omission

true

In the United States leaders with a more universalist approach to ethics tend to be seen as more ethical than leades with a relativist approach

true

developmental perspective

underpins the approaches to authentic leadership discussed in the following section, views authentic leadership as something that can be nurtured in a leader, rather than as a fixed trait.

Organizations often use surveys to determine how their employees feel about proposed changes before they happen. These surveys are distributed in the __________ part of the change process.

unfreezing

How can a leader enforce ethical standards while still leading with love

use a just and compassionate demeanor

How can a leader enforce ethical standards while still leading with love?

use a just and compassionate demeanor

In the context of change implementation tactics, the participation approach is used when:

users have the power to resist.

Bennis and Nanus

vision social architects trust creative deployment

holding environment

where others can learn, grow, and work on the changes that are needed.

Continuum of Channel Richness

• Characteristics that influence the richness of an information channel -Ability to handle multiple cues simultaneously -Ability to facilitate rapid, two-way feedback -Ability to establish a personal focus for the communication

Selecting a Communication Channel (Continuation)

•Channel should fit the message •Messages of high importance can be conveyed using more than one channel -Redundant communications - Sending the same message using different channels -Adds weight to the message and keeps the issue at the top of people's minds

Effectively Using Electronic Communication Channels

•Combine high-tech and high-touch •Consider the circumstances •Think twice before sending the message •Disadvantages of electronic communication -Contributes to poorer communication in organizations -Deprives people of human moments

Hierarchy Based on Information Richness (Continuation)

•Electronic messaging -Allows for rapid feedback and can be personalized -Provides a way to get information to a wide audience •Print media -Can be personalized -Convey written cues and provides slow feedback

Benefits if Asking Questions

•Encourages people to think and empowers them to find answers •Helps to build positive attitudes and follower self-confidence •Provokes critical thought and leads to deeper and lasting learning

Hierarchy Based on Information Richness

•Face-to-face discussion -Richest medium -Facilitates assimilation of broad cues and emotional understanding of the situation •Permits: -Direct experience and multiple information cues -Immediate feedback and personal focus •Telephone conversations -Gives considerable emotional information

Open Communication Climate

•Helps alleviate tension and conflict between departments •Builds trust •Reaffirms employee commitment to a shared vision •Makes a company more competitive

Selecting the Correct Communication Channel

•Important for effective communication •Depends on the nature of the message

Stories

•Influence people's beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors •Help leaders to unite people •Foundation of sensegiving •Help people make sense of complex situations •Bind people together in a shared purpose and inspire action

Open Communication

•Leaders sharing all types of information throughout the company and across all levels -Enables leaders to hear what followers have to say •Leaders break down conventional hierarchical and departmental boundaries that may be barriers to communication

Communicating with Candor

•Limits the potential for workplace misunderstandings, incivility, and ill will turning into hot topics •Lets followers know exactly where the leader stands and what the leader expects of them •Results in: -Work being done faster and better -More people getting involved in organizational conversations -Limiting common organizational problems

Nonverbal Communication

•Messages transmitted through action and behavior -Selection of a communication channel conveys a symbolic message •People grant more weight to nonverbal cues and judgments are quick •Management by wandering around (MBWA) - Sends symbolic positive messages to followers that leaders care about their ideas, opinions, and feelings

Dialogue Continued

•Participants refrain from: -Presuming to know the outcome -Trying to sell their convictions •Characterized by group unity, shared meaning, and transformed mindsets

Selecting a Communication Channel

•Routine messages -Simple and straightforward -Convey data or statistics -Efficient communication is through channels lower in richness •Nonroutine messages -Concern issues of change, conflict, or complexity that have great potential for misunderstanding -Characterized by time pressure and surprise -Effective communication is through rich channels

Follower-Centered Questions

•Seeks to connect with followers •Develops new insights •Encourages critical thinking •Expands people's awareness •Stimulates learning

Leader-Centered Questions

•Seeks to inform the leader about what is going on in the organization •Investigates specific issues, problems, or opportunities •Gathers information, ideas, or insights

Benefits of Asking Questions Continued...

•Shows that leaders: -Care about people on an individual basis -Value the opinions and knowledge of others -Are open to new ideas -Have faith that people want to contribute to the organization •Helps to build trusting, respectful relationships

Leadership via Social Media

•Social media: Internet-based applications that allow the creation and sharing of user generated content -Supports openness and transparency -Provides a new way to connect and build relationships with employees

Persuasion

•Steps -Listen first -Establish credibility -Build goals on common ground -Make your position compelling to others •Leads to a shared solution or commitment •Communication apprehension - Anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person

Management Communication

•Traditional role of a manager is that of an information processor •Managers have communication responsibility in directing and controlling an organization -Establish themselves at the center of information networks to facilitate the completion of tasks