5/19/2016

tourniquet test

RUMPLE LEED TEST - get mid value of patients systolic and diastolic pressure retain systolic and diastolic to mid value within 5 mins,

hemostasis

entire mechanism by which bleeding from an injured blood vessel is spontaneously controlled and stop

castor oil / hirshboeck

example for qualitative CRT, can use test tube or kahn slide for mediu

polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia

factors associated w/ increase platelet count 1/2

spleenectomy, TB

factors associated w/ increase platelet count 3/4

pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia

factors associated with decrease in platelet count 1/2

acute leukemia, lesions involving bm

factors associated with decrease in platelet count 3/4

thrombocytosis

increase in platelet count associated with disease

thrombocytopenia

increase in platelet count but without disease

+1 (normal value)

interpretation 0-10 petichiae

+2

interpretation 10-20 petichiae

+3

interpretation 20-50 petichiae

+4

interpretation >50 petichiae

platelet

irregular size and shape derived from megakaryocyte non-nucleated because they derived from the cytoplasmic extension of megakaryocyte plays important role in hemostasis for BLOOD COAGULATION and CLOT RETRACTION

8-11 days

life span of platelet

mcfarlane's method

make use of calibrated tube

clot retraction time

measure amount of serum given out by the blood when a normal blood clot retracts

quantitative crt

measure degree of retraction depending on the amount of serum given out

partrial thromboplastin time

measures intrinsic coagulation system and will measure deficiency of coagulation factors 8,9,11,12

duke's method

method for BT site: marginal ear lobe, glass slide, lancet, filter paper use slide to support margin of ear lobe, after 30 seonds, blot using filter paper

ivy's method

method for bt puncturing device, bard parker blade, sphygmomanometer in 40torr/mmHg, make incision in volar surface of arm with diameter of 2mm and depth of 2mm

automated method

most accurate method in platelet count

damashek's method

most popular indirect method

24-39 seconds

normal value for APTT

500000-900000/mm3

normal value for damashek's method

140000-340000/mm3

normal value for guy and leake . (2nd light microscopy)

44-67%

normal value for mcfarlane's method

140000-340000/mm3

normal value for rees and ecker. ( 1st light microscopy)

2-4 minutes

normal value for slide method

200000-400000/mm3

normal value of platelet

3-7 minutes

nv for capillary tube method

3-6 minutes

nv for copley la litch method

2-4 minutes

nv for duke's method

1-7 minutes

nv for ivy's method

slide method

put a drop of blood and first out every 30 seconds observe for fibrin threads then stop

brilliant cresyl blue, sodium citrate, distilled water

rees and ecker's is made up of?

1-4 cubic micra

size of platelet

coagulation

solidifying of blood brought about by different coagulation factors, especially when the blood is taken out from the body

capillary fragility test

test the stability of capillaries under increase hypoxia and hydrostatic pressure

coagulation time

time it takes for a fluid to solidify after it has been taken out of the body

bleeding time

time it takes for a standard wound to stop bleeding

phase microscopy

unopette methof, nygard's, van allen, tocantin's, brecher cronkite method

activated partial thromboplastin time

use a general screening test for detection of coagulation abnormalities of factor 8,9,10,11,12 and 2, prekallikrein and HMWK, fibrinogen preincubate reagent at 37C, pipet .1ml of citrated plasma and incubate at 37C for 1-2 mints after incubation, add .1ml of APTT reagent and start time,

copley la litch method

use prewarmed NSS with 37c temp ( in beaker), dip the punctured finger until bleeding stops

prothrombin time

use to measure extrinsic coagulation system and determine coagulation factors, 2, 5, 7, 10

dale and laidaws

uses ordinary capillary tube (blue)

sabraze's

uses special capillary tube which has wider diameter

lee and white method

whole blood clotting time prepare 3 test tubes, 1ml of blood in each tube tilty every 30 seconds

stefanini method / test tube method

1ml of blood sample place in test tube, incubate at room temp, and observe for clot retraction. should be complete 18-24 hours

fonio's method

2nd indirect method

brecher cronkite method

2nd most accurate method for phase microscopy direct method

bleeding time, clotting (coagulation) time, clot retraction time

3 general methods in coagulation of hemostasis

direct, indirect, automated

3 general methods of platelet count

250000-500000

NV for fonio's method

7-15 minutes

NV for lee and white method

35-45 seconds

NV for partrial thromboplastin time

150000-450000/mm3

NV for phase microscopy

10-12 seconds

NV for prothrombin time

0-2

NV for suction / petichiometer

semi automated

counted by means of electronic particle counter

fully automated

counted by means of optical particle under the principle of dark field microscopy or electron particle aperture

capillary method

dale and laidaws / sabraze's fill up tube, then break it every 30 sec, observe for fibrin trends

brilliant cresyl blue, sodium citrate, distilled water, formalin, sucrose solution

damashek's method diluting fluid

1% NH4 C2O4 (ammonium oxalate)

dil fluid of phase microscopy

rees and ecker's method

direct method need to wet inner wall of platelet, suck the blood up to .5 mark 1st light microscopy

guy and leake's method

direct method suck blood up to .5 mark suck dil. fluid up to 1 mark sick again dil. fluid up to 101 mix then charge to counting chamber. 2nd light microscopy

dengue fever

disease assoc. with platelet count

14% Mg2SO4

fonios method diluting fluid

rbccounted x plt count / 1000rbc

formula for damashek's method

pltcountedx10x200x1

formula for guy and leake's method

(plt.countedx10x200)/4

formula for reese and ecker's method

crystal violet, sodium citrate, distilled water, formalin

guy and leake's diluting fluid components

vascular factor

physical constriction of injured blood vessel

extravascular factor

physical constriction of injured skin

intravascular aspect

physico-biochemical changes undergone by platelets and the different coagulation factors

indirect method

platelet count is done in relation to 1000 RBC unreliable method

adhere on foreign surface, easily disintegrated

platelets are difficult to read because? 1/2

unevenly distribute, hard to distinguish from debris

platelets are difficult to read because? 3/4

qualitative crt

presence or absence of retraction

suction / petichiometer

pressure is 200nm >2 = significant