A and P test

______are fine hairs that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface.

Vellus hairs

An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is

Vitamin D

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes_____

accumulate the melanin granules on their supercial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer

Types of skin cancers include

all except actinic keratosis

Deodorants are used to reduce the odor of secretions.

apocrine

Most body odor is the result of bacterial metabolism of the secretions produced by glands.

apocrine sweat

Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps?

arrector pili

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Shafts of hair are composed of.....

dead cells

Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched?

dendritic cells - activate the immune system

What tissue in skin is most commonly associated with inflamation?

dense regular connective tissue

The substance called cerumen from ceruminous glands is commonly known as________

earwax

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

eccrine and apocrine

Sweat tastes salty because of its

electrolytes (ions)

All of the following contain blood vessels except the

epidermis

A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermi (tension lines). This will result in.....

faster healing of the skin and less scaring

The dermis_______

has two layers

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

in the axillary and anogenital area

Skin that is kept constantly wet will

increase the chance of fungal infection.

All of the following are pigments involved in skin color EXCEPT

keratin

What are the most abundant cells found in the epidermis?

keratinocytes

If a splinter penetrated the skin into the second epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged?

lucidum

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed....

malignant melanoma

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

melanin

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

melanocytes

The sensory cells associated with the deep lavers of the epidermis are

merkel cells

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves closest to the surface of the skin (epidermis) is the layer.

papillary

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen fibers and the protein elastin and is responsible for the strength of the skin is the_________layer.

reticular

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are_____ glands.

sebaceous

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are________ glands

sebaceous

The laver of the epidermis that contains melanocytes is the

stratum basal

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

stratum basale

The layer of the epidermis that contains cells undergoing division is the

stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?

stratum basale

An epidermal layer found only in the skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet is the

stratum lucidum

Jaundice is indicated by a(n)_______ skin coloration.

yellowish

The primary function of perspiration (sweat) is to

cool the surface of the skin

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"goose bumps" are formed

Wilber was going to deep fry a turkey for Thanksgiving. Wilber did not realize that the turkey had to be completely thawed. When he put the turkey in to the hot oil it boiled over on him. When the EMT personnel arrived they found the following: No pain or sensation on the front side of both arm and his chest and abdomen (front torso), the hair pulled out without resistance. What type of burns does Wilber have and what percentage of his body is affected?

27% 3rd degree burns

Four signs useful for determining skin cancer of a suspicious mark on the skin follow the ABCD mnemonic. Identify what each letter abbreviates.

A is asymmetry; B is border; C is color; and D is diameter.

________is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.

Carotene

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.

______are macrophages in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

Langerhans cells

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin production, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

________are coarse pigmented hairs.

Terminal hairs

Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?

blood flow to the skin increases

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated_____

by hormones. especially androgens

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?

by using the "rule of nines"

What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn?

catastrophic fluid loss

Stretch marks occur when?

the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to______

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers

Charlie is badly burned in an accident. When he reaches the emergency room, the examining physician finds that Charlie has no sensation where he is burned and the doctor can remove entire hair follicles from Charlie's arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps. Charlie is suffering from a(n)

third degree burn

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a

third degree burn

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of_____.

utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis