A&P 2: Chapter 19 The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, EXCEPT that they

Are smaller in diameter

The cells responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are the ______cells.

B

The medulla of a lymph node contain____ lymphocytes and plasma cells

B

Which of the following statements about MHC proteins is not true?

Bind complement

Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with

Blood vessels

In passive immunity, the

Body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________cells.

Cytotoxic T

The cells directly responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the _________ cells.

Cytotoxic T

When an antegin is bound to a call I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________cell.

Cytotoxic T

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

Thoracic duct

Stem cells that will form t cells develop in the

Thymus

T is to______________ as B is to___________

Thymus-dependent; Bone marrow-derived

_______ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

Tonsils

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects_____cells.

Helper T

When an antigen is bound to a class II MHC protein, it can activate a _______cell.

Helper T

B cells are primarily activated by the activites of

Helper T cells

Destruction of antigens of cell lysis can be causes by all of the following except by

Helper T cells

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are

IgA

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may activate antibody production are

IgD

Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

IgE

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

IgG

The most abundant type of antibody is

IgG

Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits. that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are

IgM

________ is the class of antibody first secreted in response to a new antigen.

IgM

During primary immune response, the

IgM titer is initially giher than the IgG titer

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only

In antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.

Suppressor T cells act to

Inhibit T and B cell activities

The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except

Inhibition of the immune responses.

Immunity that is generally determined and present at birth is called ______immunity.

Innate

Infection with the HIV virus occurs through

Intimate contact with an infected person's body fluids.

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John

Is running a fever.

Which of these is not a property of AIDS?

It is declining worldwide.

All of the following are ture of the primary response of humoral immunity, except that

It is delayed by the memory cell stage.

Specific defenses depend on the activites of

Lymphocytes

Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?

Lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

______Are connective tissues dominated by lymphocytes.

Lymphoid tissues

An inflammatory response is triggered when

Mast cells release histamine and heparin

The cells that preform immunological surveillance are the _____cells.

NK

In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM titer for the mumps virus but a low IgG anti-mumps titer. This would indicate the person

Was recently infected with mumps.

All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity, except that is

Weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregation of lymphocytes are known as

White pulp.

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called_______ immunity.

Naturally acquired active.

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called_______ immunity

Naturally acquired passive.

During a primary humoral response to antigens, all of the following occur, except

Neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances.

In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of

Passive immunity

_____ are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep in the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

Peyer's patches

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are _______cells.

Plasma

The release of endogenous pyrogen (or interlukin-1) by active macrophages would

Produce a fever

Lymph nodes do all of the following except that they

Remove excess nutrients from the lymph

The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ____ cell.

T

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

T cells

A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably

Tears

Leslie has a bad sore throat, and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that

The affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

Which of these following statements about lymph flow in a node is false?

The afferent lyphatics enters at the hilum

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, EXCEPT

The brain

The merging of ________ forms the right lymphatic duct

The right jugular, right subclavian, and the right bronchomediastinal trunks

In IgG, the antigen bindin site is formed by

The variable segment of the light chain + the variable segment of the heavy chain.

The lymphoid system is composed of all of the following except

The vena cavae

Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way?

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not.

Various types of macrophages are derived from

monocytes

Lymphocytes

respond to antigens

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the

right breast

Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

specific immunity

Autoantibodies

Are directed against the body's own antigens.

Lymph nodes range in diameter from

1 mm to 25 mm

Plasma contains_____special complement proteins that form the complement system.

11

Each IgG Has____ binding site(s) for attachment to antigenic determinants.

2

Fever is the maintenance of body temperature greater than

37.2 C or 99 F

If the disulfide bonds in IgG were broken, how many protien chains would be set free?

4

Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?

Activate genes that trigger apoptosis

Characteristics of specific defenses include

All of the above

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include

All of the above

Inflammation produces localized

All of the above

Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs?

All of the above

Nonspecific defenses include

All of the above

The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in

All of the above

The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to

All of the above

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are

Allergies

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the complement protein binds to

An antibody attached to an antigen

Newborns gain their immunity initially from

Antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.

A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n)

Antigen

_______Occurs when an antigen fragment-glycoprotein complex appears in a plasma membrane.

Antigen presentation.

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their

Heavy-chain constant segments.

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, EXCEPT the

Central nervous system

The attraction or repulsion of certain cells to chemicals in their environment is called____

Chemotaxis

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation, except

Chemotaxis of phagocytes.

The thoracic duct originates from an expanded chamber called the

Cisterna Chyli

The primary function of the lymphoid system is

Defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.

____________Are antigen-presenting cells located in the epithelia of the skin.

Dendritic cells.

Before specific defenses are activated, most antigens must

Depolarize the lymphocyte.

Helper T cells do all of the following, except

Destroy target cells using perforins.

The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is called____

Diapedesis

Cells that help regulate the antibody-mediated immune response are_____cells.

Helper T

T cells and B cells can be activated only by

Exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.

The lymphocytes are most important in

Fighting infection

Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ____of the lymphoid nodule.

Germinal center

All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it

activates B cells

In general, lymphocytes

all of the above

Lymphocyte production involves

all of the above