A&P CHAPTER 2 QUESTIONS

Ninety-six percent of body weight is made up of

A. 20 elements B. four elements C. 92 elements D. 112 elements ANSWER: B. four elements

Which of the following does not represent an accurate hierarchy in the natural combination of matter?

A. A molecule contains two or more atoms. B. Mixtures are substances composed of two or more components physically blended. C. Protons, neutrons, and electrons comprise atoms, which chemically bond with other atoms to form molecules. D. When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope ANSWER: D. When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope

Match the following: Electrically charged particle from loss of an electron

A. Anion B. Neutron C. Molecule D. Cation E. Atom ANSWER: D. Cation

Which is true concerning atomic weight?

A. Atomic weight is the weight of an atom of a particular element. B. Atomic weight and atomic mass are equal. C. Atomic weight is the average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element. D. Atomic weight does not always equal a round number due to atoms having larger or smaller protons. ANSWER: C. Atomic weight is the average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element.

Which of the following is true of atoms?

A. Atoms of any given element will differ from those of all other elements and provide its unique physical and chemical properties. B. An atom will always display a negative electrical charge. C. Atoms are composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called elements. D. Depending upon the number of neutrons, an atom may possess a positive, negative, or neutral electrical charge. ANSWER: A. Atoms of any given element will differ from those of all other elements and provide its unique physical and chemical properties.

On the image, indicate where most of the mass of the atom is.

A. B (protons) B. A (electrons) and B (protons) C. A (electrons) and C (neutrons) D. B (protons) and C (neutrons) E. C (neutrons) ANSWER: D. B (protons) and C (neutrons)

What two parts of the atom are always equal in number?

A. B (protons) and C (neutrons) B. A (electrons) and C (neutrons) C. A (electrons) and B (protons) ANSWER: C. A (electrons) and B (protons)

Something with a pH of 5 would __________.

A. Be described as being neutral B. have fewer H+ ions than OH- ions C. have more H+ ions than OH- ions D. be described as being basic ANSWER: C. have more H+ ions than OH- ions

Which form of energy is the most useful form of energy in living systems?

A. Chemical B. Electrical C. Mechanical D. Radiant ANSWER: A. Chemical

Match the following: Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle

A. Chemical energy B. Mechanical energy C. Electrical energy D. Radiant energy ANSWER: B. Mechanical energy

When a person has a fever, what happens to the chemical reactions in the body?

A. Chemical reactions stay the same B. The chemical reactions speed up C. Chemical reactions slow down due to thermodynamics D. Chemical reactions slow down as the pathogens consume nutrients ANSWER: B. The chemical reactions speed up

If a cell were to become larger, but not gain or lose any of the chemicals inside, what would happen to the rate of chemical reactions?

A. Chemical reactions would stay the same B. It is impossible to know C. Chemical reactions would slow down D. Chemical reactions would speed up ANSWER: C. Chemical reactions would slow down

Match the following: A + B → AB

A. Decomposition B. Synthesis reaction C. Reversible reaction D. Exchange reaction ANSWER: B. Synthesis reaction

Which statement is true?

A. Every element's atoms differ from those of all other elements and give the element its unique physical and chemical properties. B. Physical properties are the properties that pertain to the way atoms interact. C. Chemcial properties are those we can detect with our senses or measure. ANSWER: A. Every element's atoms differ from those of all other elements and give the element its unique physical and chemical properties.

What is the most common element in the body?

A. H B. C C. N D. O ANSWER: D. O

pH is an important factor in health because __________.

A. H+ ions are the electrolytes that provide electrical current in the body B. Hydroxyl groups are the chief components of cell membranes C. H+ ions can disrupt the hydrogen bonds that hold proteins in the correct shape D. H+ is the major source of energy in the body ANSWER: C. H+ ions can disrupt the hydrogen bonds that hold proteins in the correct shape

Which of the following is not one of the four basic elements that comprise approximately 96% of a human's body weight?

A. Hydrogen B. Carbon C. Oxygen D. Potassium ANSWER: D. Potassium

Which of the following is true concerning mass number?

A. Isotopes differ in their numbers of electrons. B. Using mass number notation, we can identify the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons. C. The mass number is equal to the number of protons. Thus, the mass number of Helium is 2. D. The mass of electrons contributes significantly to mass number. ANSWER: B. Using mass number notation, we can identify the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

Which of the following statements about kinetic energy is incorrect?

A. It is a type of stored energy. B. It can do work by moving one object to start a series of objects moving. C. It works by moving objects. D. It is energy in action. ANSWER: A. It is a type of stored energy.

Which of the following statements concerning molecules and compounds is true?

A. Just as an atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of the element, a molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has the specific characteristics of the compound. B. When two or more different kinds of atoms bind, they form a compound of a molecule. C. If two or more atoms of the same element combine, the resulting substance is called a compound of that element. D. The properties of compounds are usually very similar to those of the atoms they contain. ANSWER: A. Just as an atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of the element, a molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has the specific characteristics of the compound.

Fever is a body defense mechanism that speeds healing by increasing enzyme actions that are necessary to overcome a pathogen. However, temperature can also have which negative effect?

A. Just as with acidity, temperature can denature proteins. B. Temperature only increases the speed of activation for those reactions that absorb energy. C. Temperature only increases the speed of activation for those reactions that release energy. D. Temperature slows down some reactions. E. Temperature also raises the activation energy of enzyme action. ANSWER: A. Just as with acidity, temperature can denature proteins.

Which of the following is a property of matter?

A. Mass of an object can change depending upon a variety of factors including gravitational pull, atmospheric pressure, and temperature. B. In all cases, matter can be seen, smelled, and felt. C. The weight of matter remains constant wherever the object is. D. Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states. ANSWER: D. Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.

Match the following: Smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties

A. Molecule B. Anion C. Atom D. Neutron E. Cation ANSWER: A. Molecule

Which general function is likely to be affected the least by pH denaturation?

A. Movement B. Transport C. Body defense D. Regulation of metabolism E. Catalysis F. Regulation of pH ANSWER: A. Movement

Which of the following best defines potential energy?

A. Potential energy is energy that has achieved its potential—energy in action, seen in the constant movement of the tiniest particles of matter, as well as in larger objects. B. Potential energy is energy that cannot be converted to kinetic energy. C. Potential energy is energy that travels in waves, and includes visible light and radio waves. D. Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so. ANSWER: D. Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so.

An acidic solution in and around a cell would have the most immediate effect on cellular function for which type of organic molecule?

A. Proteins B. Nucleic acids C. Carbohydrates D. Lipids ANSWER: A. Proteins

When proteins undergo dehydration, what subatomic particles are rearranged the most?

A. Protons B. No subatomic particles are rearranged. C. Electrons D. Neutrons ANSWER: C. Electrons

Match the following: Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor or the flow of ions across a membrane

A. Radiant energy B. Electrical energy C. Chemical energy D. Mechanical energy ANSWER: B. Electrical energy

Which statement is incorrect concerning radioisotopes?

A. Radioisotopes damages tissue by directly damaging organic molecules. B. All radioisotopes, regardless of the purpose for which they are used, damage living tissue. C. Alpha emission is easily blocked outside the body but if absorbed causes considerable damage. D. Most radioisotopes used in the clinical setting are used for diagnosis, that is, to localize and illuminate damaged or cancerous tissues. ANWER: A. Radioisotopes damages tissue by directly damaging organic molecules.

Which of the following factors would speed up the rate of a chemical reaction?

A. Removing the biological catalysts B. High concentration of reagents C. Large particles D. Lower temperature ANSWER: B. High concentration of reagents

Which statement concerning elements is true?

A. Some common elements are salt, acid, and water. B. Each element is composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called atoms. C. All elements are naturally occurring. D. All matter is composed of elements, commons substances that can be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods. ANSWER: B. Each element is composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called atoms.

Which of the following types of chemical reactions always involves atoms or molecules combining to form a larger, more complex molecule?

A. Synthesis B. Hydrolysis C. Exchange D. Decomposition ANSWER: A. Synthesis

Match the following: AB + C → AC + B

A. Synthesis reaction B. Reversible reaction C. Exchange reaction D. Decomposition ANSWER: C. Exchange reaction

Which of the following is true concerning atomic number?

A. The atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. B. The atomic number is an average of the relative weights (mass numbers) of all the isotopes. C. The atomic number of an atom is the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons. D. Protons and neutrons are heavy particles and have approximately the same mass, arbitrarily designated as 1 atomic number. ANSWER: A. The atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.

Which of the following statements concerning water, salt, and electrolytes is untrue?

A. The electrolyte properties of sodium and potassium ions are essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction. B. All ions are electrolytes (e-lek′tro-lÄ«ts), substances that conduct an electrical current in solution. Electricity in the body is conducted by electrolytes. C. Maintaining proper ionic balance in our body fluids is one of the most crucial homeostatic roles of the kidneys. D. H+ and hydroxyl ion (OH−) are the most abundant and important salts in the body. ANSWER: D. H+ and hydroxyl ion (OH−) are the most abundant and important salts in the body.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the structure of atoms?

A. The large variability in size of atoms, with the larger atoms being 10,000 ties the size of smaller atoms, gives atoms their unique properties. B. The subatomic particles of an atom are generally equal in size. C. An atom loses the unique properties of its element when it is split into its subatomic particles. D. Atoms are indivisible. ANSWER: C. An atom loses the unique properties of its element when it is split into its subatomic particles.

Which of the following is true concerning the rates of chemical reactions?

A. The larger the molecule the more readily it can find another molecule to react with. B. Catalysts are molecules that speed up chemical reactions as they chemically change. C. Higher temperature reduces the speed that molecules travel so they have more time to react. D. Chemical reactions progress most rapidly when the reacting particles are present in high numbers because their chance of successful collisions is greater. ANSWER: D. Chemical reactions progress most rapidly when the reacting particles are present in high numbers because their chance of successful collisions is greater.

When a cell is placed in a solution that is more concentrated, water will leave the cell and the cell will shrink. What will happen to the rate of chemical reactions in this situation?

A. The rate of chemical reactions will speed up. B. The rate of chemical reactions will slow down. C. The rate of chemical reactions will stay the same. ANSWER: A. The rate of chemical reactions will speed up.

When a cell is placed in a solution that is more dilute, water will enter the cell causing the cell to expand. What will happen to chemical reactions in this situation?

A. The rate of chemical reactions will speed up. B. The rate of chemical reactions will slow down. C. The rate of chemical reactions will stay the same. ANSWER: B. The rate of chemical reactions will slow down.

Which of the following is not a property of water?

A. Water helps protect organs from physical trauma. B. Water can easily split into its component parts of H and OH in order to balance acid in the body. C. Water resists changes in temperature. D. Water is important in breaking apart proteins and carbohydrates. ANSWER: B. Water can easily split into its component parts of H and OH in order to balance acid in the body.

Which of the following is not a way to distinguish an acid from a base?

A. When tasting an acidic substance, it will have a sour taste. B. When tasting a basic substance, it will have a bitter taste. C. A basic substance will have a slippery feel. D. An acidic substance will have a sticky feel. ANSWER: D. An acidic substance will have a sticky feel.

In biochemistry, and thus in the body, the universal solvent is __________.

A. alcohol B. lymph C. oxygen D. water E. blood ANSWER: D. water

Catabolic reactions involve __________.

A. formation of chemical bonds B. a release of energy C. input of energy D. synthesis ANSWER: B. a release of energy

pH is a concentration unit used to measure the concentration of __________.

A. hydrogen ions in a solution B. hydroxyl ions in a solution C. cations in a solution D. anions in a solution ANSWER: A. hydrogen ions in a solution

All electrolytes are __________.

A. ions B. acids C. nonpolar molecules D. polar molecules ANSWER: A. ions

Buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when __________ are added to a solution.

A. proton donors or proton acceptors B. oxygen molecules C. hydrogen gas molecules D. glucose molecules ANSWER: A. proton donors or proton acceptors