A&P Lec. Test 1

Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence) shell?

1

Compound, Element, or Mixture 1. Water 2. Carbon 3. Dry Ice 4. Blood

1. Compound 2. Element 3. Compound 4. Mixture

An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.

14 Neutrons

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs

2-1-4-3-5

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?

7

If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

74 protons

Ionic bond

A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.

Nonpolar covalent bond

A bond in which electrons are shared equally.

Polar covalent bond

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.

What is a dipole?

A polar molecule

Hydrogen bond

A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.

Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.

Anabolism

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

Blood

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

CH4

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things.

Cells are the simplest structures to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive.

Heterogeneous, will not settle.

Colloids

Mass # of an element

Combined number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Endocrine

Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary.

Cardiovascular

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Arteries, veins, heart

Digestive

Esophagus, large intestine, rectum.

A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis. (T/F)

False

Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons (T/F)

False

Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants, while ________ is the stored carbohydrate in animals.

Glycogen

A patient is hyperventilating. The "blowing off" of excessive carbon dioxide causes a decrease in blood H+ concentration. How can the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system function to correct this imbalance? CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-

H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower pH

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

HCl+NaOH⟶NaCl+H2O

Isotopes

Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their mass number.

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

It is considered the cause of most diseases.

Urinary

Kidneys, bladder, ureters.

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

Nervous System

Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom.

Immune

Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances.

Lymphatic

Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.

Homogeneous, will not settle, Will not scatter light

Solutions

Heterogeneous, will settle.

Suspensions

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction.

Synthesis

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in influencing a reaction rate?

Time

Respiratory

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.

Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions. (T/F)

True

Hydrogen bonds are too weak to bind atoms together to form molecules, but they do hold different parts of a single large molecule in a specific three-dimensional shape. (T/F)

True

It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it. (T/F)

True

Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds. (T/F)

True

Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. (T/F)

True

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them. (T/F)

True

The acidity of a solution reflects the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution. (T/F)

True

The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration. (T/F)

True

Atomic Symbol

Usually, the first one or two letters of an element's name.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________.

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

ATP → ADP + Pi is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

decomposition

Sucrose is a ________.

disaccharide

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

enhancement of labor contractions

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________.

excretion of metabolic waste

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

growth

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

high heat of vaporization

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.

positive feedback

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

removal of a water molecule between each two units

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

The chemical symbol O=O means ________.

the atoms are double bonded

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

to maintain homeostasis