A&P Lec. Test 1
Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence) shell?
1
Compound, Element, or Mixture 1. Water 2. Carbon 3. Dry Ice 4. Blood
1. Compound 2. Element 3. Compound 4. Mixture
An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.
14 Neutrons
Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs
2-1-4-3-5
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?
7
If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?
74 protons
Ionic bond
A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
Nonpolar covalent bond
A bond in which electrons are shared equally.
Polar covalent bond
A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.
What is a dipole?
A polar molecule
Hydrogen bond
A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.
Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.
Anabolism
Which of the following is an example of a suspension?
Blood
Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
CH4
Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things.
Cells are the simplest structures to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive.
Heterogeneous, will not settle.
Colloids
Mass # of an element
Combined number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Endocrine
Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary.
Cardiovascular
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Arteries, veins, heart
Digestive
Esophagus, large intestine, rectum.
A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis. (T/F)
False
Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons (T/F)
False
Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants, while ________ is the stored carbohydrate in animals.
Glycogen
A patient is hyperventilating. The "blowing off" of excessive carbon dioxide causes a decrease in blood H+ concentration. How can the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system function to correct this imbalance? CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower pH
Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?
HCl+NaOH⟶NaCl+H2O
Isotopes
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their mass number.
Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?
It is considered the cause of most diseases.
Urinary
Kidneys, bladder, ureters.
Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?
Nervous System
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom.
Immune
Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances.
Lymphatic
Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.
Homogeneous, will not settle, Will not scatter light
Solutions
Heterogeneous, will settle.
Suspensions
Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction.
Synthesis
Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in influencing a reaction rate?
Time
Respiratory
Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.
Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions. (T/F)
True
Hydrogen bonds are too weak to bind atoms together to form molecules, but they do hold different parts of a single large molecule in a specific three-dimensional shape. (T/F)
True
It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it. (T/F)
True
Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds. (T/F)
True
Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. (T/F)
True
Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them. (T/F)
True
The acidity of a solution reflects the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution. (T/F)
True
The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration. (T/F)
True
Atomic Symbol
Usually, the first one or two letters of an element's name.
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________.
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
ATP → ADP + Pi is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.
decomposition
Sucrose is a ________.
disaccharide
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.
enhancement of labor contractions
Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________.
excretion of metabolic waste
Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?
growth
Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?
high heat of vaporization
When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.
positive feedback
Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.
positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
removal of a water molecule between each two units
One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.
sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
The chemical symbol O=O means ________.
the atoms are double bonded
Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?
to maintain homeostasis