A&P - Modules 1-4 Quiz Notes

Which term below is defined by the fact that cells present in the epithelium are going to be tightly packed together with little or no space between them?

cellularity

The part of the vertebra that transfers weight along the long axis of the vertebral column is the:

centrum

The endocrine system produces these chemicals that help regulate growth.

hormones

Which of the following bone supports some of the weight of the brain?

occipital

If a needle pokes your skin and results in instant bleeding, which skin layer has the needle reached?

papillary layer

This kind of section separates right and left portions of the body in anatomical positions but misses the midline. Which kind of section is this?

parasagittal section

What component of the bone matrix gives it its toughness?

calcium phosphate

The function of an osteoprogenitor cell in osseous tissue is to:

produce new osteoblast

What kind of epithelium would you find lining the nasal cavity?

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Goblet cells are an example of:

unicellular gland

The outer covering of bone is known as:

periosteum

The parietal and temporal bones are separated by which suture?

squamous suture

The outside lining of bone that helps it attach to fascia and circulatory components is the:

Periosteum

Which bone cell stimulates bone resorption?

osteoclasts

Michael has darker skin than Melanie. What is likely the explanation for this difference?

Michael's melanocytes has projections that reach the stratum granulosum

Which statement does not accurately describe the anatomical position?

Palms are pressed lightly against the thighs

During the intramembranous ossification process, the development of the trabeculae will cause the formation of (the):

cancelous bone

________ is a type of dense connective tissue that is often found in joints to reduce friction. _________ is a type of fibrous connective tissue which attaches a bone to another bone.

cartilage; ligament

Which of the following bone markings are used for the passage of blood vessels?

foramen, fissure, and cana

What is the correct order of events for bone remodeling?

resorption, deposition, osteocyte mineralization

Which type of connective tissue fiber is found in blood vessels and form branching networks around smooth muscles?

reticular fibers

Which of the following is false when discussing the vertebrae?

All vertebrae have a superior costal facet

Increased levels of calcium in the blood of a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of:

calcitonin

Through the process of cell differentiation:

each cell develops a characteristic set of structural features.

Which branch of anatomy is defined by the study of microscopic structure of tissues?

histology

Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

mediastinum

How do merocrine glands secrete their products?

through exocytosis

The hand is __________ to the shoulder.

distal

The penis is ______________ to the gluteus.

lateral

Which branch of anatomy is defined by the study of cellular function and structure?

Cell biology

The epidermis consists of stratified squamous epithelium. Which cell type found within these layers is a type of macrophage?

Langerhans cells

Which of the statements below is correct about connective tissue?

abundant extracellular material between cells

Which structure of the osteon will allow communication of one osteocyte with another osteocyte?

canaliculi

Having a matrix is a characteristic of which type of tissue?

connective

Which of the following describes a central canal of a bone?

contains blood vessels

Which of the following molecular composition is the second greatest in the body?

hydrogen

Which layer below belongs to the integumentary system, but is not part of the skin?

hypodermis

If a patient comes to see you complaining of a sore throat and you are the nurse on call, which diagnostic technique would be best used if you want to observe if there is presence of bacterial plaques on her tonsils?

inspection

Which life process listed below is used to describe the process of moving your hand away from a hot stove?

irritability

Why are hemidesmosomes important tight junctions?

it holds the basal part of the epithelial cells attached to the basal lamina

When analyzing a histology section of the skin, you notice the presence of hair. This means that you will see:

keratinocytes with 4 different characteristics

Which of the following cells are in charge of bone resorption?

osteoclasts

Which bone feature is considered to be midsagittal?

perpendicular plate

What is the correct order in which bone reformation occurs?

resting bone, resorption, reversal, matrix deposition, mineralization

When epithelial cells are flat they are referred to as _____________ cells.

squamous

In which layer of the skin are melanocytes located?

stratum basale

Most stem cells differentiate into keratinocytes in which skin layer?

stratum basale

In which layer(s) of the skin of the forearm would you find keratinocytes? Make sure to place them in order from the most superficial to the most deep.

stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Most of the small intestine is in the ____________ region.

umbilical region

When a fracture is not given the correct medical treatment and therefore does not heal properly, bone formation begins to form at the area of fracture. What cell contributes to this bone formation:

Osteoblast

Estrogen is a hormone that aids in the absorption of calcium. When a woman reaches menopause, the production of estrogen is greatly reduced. Mary recently reached menopausal age and was advised to take a calcium supplement to reduce her risk of Osteoporosis. How can a menopause affect Mary's bones?

Osteoclasts will begin to break down calcium stored within the bone which can cause osteoporosis

Which type of epithelium below would function to help the egg reach the uterus?

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

The __________ (cells) secrete ___________ that forms the reticular lamina of the basement membrane.

fibroblasts; elastin

Which step of the endochondral ossification occurs right after the development of the secondary ossification center

formation of articular cartilage

Which cranial bones form the orbit?

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid

The following are major types of body tissues, except:

lymphatic tissue

Which statement about stratum spinosum is correct?

made up of several cell layers, where keratinocytescontain tonofibrils which are made up of keratin protein filaments

In which bone is the mandibular condyle located?

mandible

Which cell type present in the connective tissue will be involved in the secretion of histamine during an allergic reaction?

mast cells

Which of the following cell type is found in the epidermis?

merkel cells

White blood cells called _______ work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris.

neutrophils and macrophages

If you were to do a coronal section in a cadaver, which two organs or body parts listed below would you possibly be separating?

nipples and the buttocks

Which organ is shared by the endocrine and the digestive organ systems?

pancreas

The ankle is said to be distal to the _______________ but proximal to the __________.

patella; metatarsals

The following are examples of connective tissue, except:

skeletal muscle

What would you expect to see when looking at a histological tissue preparation that contains a simple cuboidal epithelium?

square cells organized in one cell layer

Which bone feature(s) does the head of the rib articulate with?

superior and inferior costal facets

If osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity, how will the mass of the bone be affected?

the bone would have a decreased mineral content and, as a result, it would also be weaker.

The vertebral column and spinal cord are part of which body cavity?

vertebral canal

Choose the correct match for the type of rib and the number of ribs that belong to each category.

vertebrochondral; 3

Julia explains to her friend that the integument is composed of skin and its derivatives, like hair, nail and glands. That the skin is formed by the epidermis and the dermis. She describes the epidermis as having four layers in thin skin and the dermis as having a papillary and reticular region. She asserts that the dermis is located below the subcutaneous layer. What makes Julia's statement incorrect?

She inaccurately describes the location of the dermis.

Which of the following bones can be considered either an irregular or a flat bone?

coxal

The spinal cord passes through which body cavity?

cranial and vertebral

The gallbladder belongs to which organ system?

digestive

During long bone development where is the epiphyseal plate located?

in the metaphysis

What is the function of microvilli?

increase surface area by 20 times