a&p test chapter 5

there are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages? 1. bony callus formation 2. bone remodeling 3. fibrocartilage callus formation 4. hematoma formation

4,3,1,2

t/f A closed, or simple, fracture is one that penetrates through the skin's surface.

F

t/f A newborn baby has an S-shaped spinal curvature known as a primary curvature.

F

t/f Articular cartilage covers the diaphysis of long bones.

F

four of the five answers listed below are of the same anatomical area. select the exception A) humerus B) radius C) scapula D) fibula E) clavicle

D) fibula

t/f Joint inflammation is known as ankylosis

F

t/f The last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no anterior attachments

F

t/f the spinal cord passes through the body of each vertebra

F

the wrist bones are actually A) tarsals B) metacarpals C) phalanges D) metatarsals E) carpals

E) carpals

t/f In anatomical position, the lateral lower leg bone is the fibula

T

t/f The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons (Haversian systems).

T

t/f There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae

T

t/f the interverebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage

T

T/F: teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and the mandible

T

t/f Hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones

T

t/f Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses.

T

t/f Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

T

The bone cells within lacunae receive nourishment from blood vessels through passageways called: a) Haversian canals b) perforating canals c) medullary cavities d) canaliculi e) lamellae

a) Haversian canals

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called _______ a) amphiathroses, synarthroses B) synarthroses; amphiarthroses C) diarthroses; amphiarthroses D) amphiarthroses; diarthroses E) diarthroses; synarthroses

a) amphiathroses, synarthroses

small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ______ a) canaliculi b) perforating (Volkmann's) canals c) central (Haversian) canals d) perforating (sharpey's) fibers

a) canaluculi

which of these bones articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone A) femur B) patella C) fibula D) sacrum E) tibia

a) femur

the hyoid bone is unique because it a) is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone b) is an irregular bone c) belongs to both acial and appendicular skeletons d) has no specific function e) largely consists of cartilage

a) is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

the small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called a) lacunae b) perforating (Volkmann's) canals c) central (Haversian) canals d) trabeculae e) lamellae

a) lacunae

Where does hematopoiesis occur? a) marrow cavity b) epiphyseal plate c) articular cartilage d) periosteum e) endosteum

a) marrow cavity

in adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to a) store adipose tissue b) form blood cells c) store calcium and phosphorus d) promote lengthwise growth in long bones e) decrease friction at joint surface

a) store adipose tissue

the shin bone is called the a) tibia b) fibula c) femur d) radius

a) tibia

a fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a) impacted fracture b) compression fracture c) spiral fracture d) depression fracture e) simple fracture

b) compression fracture

the head of the humerus fits into the _______ of the scapula a) acromion process b) glenoid cavity c) suprascapula notch d) coracoid process

b) glenoid cavity

an incomplete bone break, known as a(n) _ facture, is commonly seen in children a) spiral b) greenstick c) impacted d) comminuted

b) greenstick

blood cell formation is called a) ossification b) hematopoiesis c) homeostasis d) metabolism

b) hematopoiesis

The elbow is classified as a(n) ________. A) plane joint B) hinge joint C) pivot joint D) saddle joint E) condylar joint

b) hinge joint

the suture situated anteriorly between the parietal bones and occupital bone is the a) squamous suture b) lambdoid suture c) sagittal suture d) coronal suture e) both the squamous and the sagittal suture

b) lambdoid suture

bone-destroying cells known as osteoclasts are activated by the hormone ____ a) calcitonin b) parathyroid hormone (PTH) c) insulin d) growth hormone

b) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton? a) femur b) sternum c) radius d) metatarsals e) scapula

b) sternum

immovable joints are functionally classified as a) diarthroses b) synathroses c) amphiarthroses d) sympheses

b) syanthroses

You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female since a) the angle of the female pubic arch is smaller than a male b) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than a male c) the distance between the female ischial tiberosites is less than a male d) the female ilian bones are less flared than a male e) the female pelvis as a whole is deeper, and the bones are heavier and thick than a make

b) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than a male

shoulder joint

ball and socket

bone growth that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely a) endochondrial growth b) none since bones do not grow after adolescence c) appositional growth d) occurring at the epiphyseal line e) occurring at the epiphyseal plate

c) appositional growth

twp or more bones meet at a location called a ______ a) fracture b) hematoma c) articulation (joint) d) marrow cavity

c) articulation (joint)

the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ______ skeleton a) appendicular b) central c) axial d) main

c) axial

a bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a a) compound fracture b) simple fracture c) comminuted fracture d) compression fracture e) greenstick fracture

c) comminuted fracture

which of the following is only found associated with a child's bone a) diaphysis b) marrow cavity c) epiphyseal plate d) periosteum e) articular cartilage

c) epiphyseal plate

the first step in bone healing involves the formation of blood-filled swelling known as __ a) epiphyseal line b) bony callus c) hematoma d) fibrocartilage callus

c) hematoma

the sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the a) ischium, ilium, coccyx b) pubis, ischium, ilium c) manubrium, body, xiphoid process d) jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint e) true ribs, manubrium, xiphoid process

c) manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

how many true ribs do humans have a) three b) five c) seven d) twelve e) fifteen

c) seven

cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called _________ bones a) flat b) long c) short d) irregular

c) short

the temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ___________ sutures a) coronal b) sagittal c) squamous d) lambdoid

c) squamous

the factors that determine where bone matrix is to be remodeled is (are) a) sex hormones b) growth hormone c) stress of gravity and pull of muscles on the skeleton d) parathyroid hormone e) calcium level of the blood

c) stress of gravity and pull of muscles on the skeleton

an open, or compound, fracture can be described as when a) the bone is crushed b) the boken bone ends are forced into each other c) the broken bone is exposed to the outside d) the bone is broken into many fragments e) adjacent bones fracture simultaneously

c) the broken bone is exposed to the outside

which is the correct order of ribs, from superior to inferior? a) floating, true, false b) floating, false, true c) true, false, floating d) true, floating, false e) false, floating, true

c) true, false, floating

what bones protect the spinal cord? a) ribs b) sternum c) vertebrae d) coxal bones

c) vertebrae

Small channels that radiate through the matrix of compact bone

canaliculi

bone breaks into many fragments

comminuted fracture

knuckle joints

condyloid joint

the canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains a) carilage and lamellae b) osteoclasts and osteblasts c) yellow marrow and perforating fibers d) blood vessels and nerve fibers e) red marrow

d) blood vessels and nerve fibers

the tailbone is the a) ischium b) sacrum c) pubis d) coccyx e) patella

d) coccyx

the large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the _________ a) occipital condyle b) vertebral foramen c) intervertebral foramen d) foramen magnum

d) foramen magnum

the physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-ray revealed a a) impacted fracture b) compression fracture c) comminuted fracture d) greenstick fracture e) open fracture

d) greenstick fracture

what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo? a) elastic connective tissue b) dense fibrous connective tissue c) fibrocartilage d) hyaline cartilage e) loose fibrous connective tissue

d) hyaline cartilage

a suture found on the femur is the a) anterior crest b) trochlea c) lateral malleolus d) intercondylar fossa e) medial malleolus

d) intercondylar fossa

the femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as a) compact bones b) irregular bones c) flat bones d) long bones e) sesamoid bones

d) long bones

the process of bone formation is known as_____ a) hematopoiesis b) hemostasis c) metabolism d) ossification

d) ossification

what type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs? a) osteocyte b) erythrocyte c) chondrocyte d) osteoblast e) osteoclast

d) osteblast

the bone cells that respond to parathyroid hormone to destroy bone matrix and releases calcium into the blood are called a) osteocytes b) chondrocytes c) erythrocytes d) osteoclasts e) osteoblasts

d) osteoclasts

what feature is uniquely associated with cervical vertebrae a) spinois processes b) transverse processes c) vertebral foramina d) transverse foramina e) pedicle

d) transverse foramina

Which two bones constitute the forearm? a) radius and humerus b) humerus and scapula c) fibula and tibia d) ulna and radius e) femur and fibular

d) ulna and radius

each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as a) a perforating (volkmann's canal) b) the epiphysis c) a canaliculus d) a central (haversian) canal e) an osteon (haversian system)

e) an osteon (haversian system)

what type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduses friction in the joints? a) yellow marrow b) endosteum c) spongy bone d) periosteum e) articular cartilage

e) articular cartilage

broken bone portion is pushed inward

depression fracture

the dens is a process projecting from the a) sacrum b) coccyx c) intervertebral discs d) atlas e) axis

e) axis

the presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that a) bone is dead b) bone length is no longer increasing c) bone diameter is increasing d) bone diameter is decreasing e) bone length is increasing

e) bone length is increasing

The atlas is the: A) last lumbar vertebra B) first thoracic vertebra C) part of the sacrum D) second cervical vertebra E) first cervical vertebra

e) first cervical vertebra

the fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are a) alveolar margins b) sinuses c) palates d) crista galli e) fontanels

e) fontanels

which of these bones is associated with the hand? a) talus b) calcaneus c) metartarsals d) tarsals e) metacarpals

e) metacarpals

which of these bone marking is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment? a) meatus b) fossa c) foramen d) fiddure e) tubercle

e) tubercle

identify the bones that do not house a paranasal sinus a) frontal bones b) maxillary bones c) ethmoid bones d) sphenoid bones e) zygomatic bones

e) zygomatic bones

Area where bone growth takes place in a long bone

epiphyseal plate

incomplete bone break

greenstick fracture

ankle joint

hinge joint

broken bone ends are forced into each other

impacted fracture

Layers or rings of calcification that are found in compact bone

lamellae

Cells that can build bony matrix

osteoblasts

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

osteoclasts

Joint between atlas and axis

pivot joint

wrist joint

plane joint

Ragged bone break resulting from twisting forces

spiral fracture