Abnormal Psych Chapter 1-4

Salma conducts a study and finds that her data do not completely support her theory. Which of the following statements should she avoid saying?

"My data disproves my theory."

Benjamin is a social psychologist who studies marriage. He believes that marital satisfaction has two components: the ability to trust one's partner and a belief that one can be a good spouse. He conducts a study to test his ideas. Assuming that his data match his theory, which of the following statements should he make?

"The data provide support for my theory."

Translational research is best thought of as ________ basic research and applied research.

A bridge between

Which of the following is NOT an example of applied research?

A cognitive psychologist who examines people's ability to distinguish between colors based on light exposure

RESEARCH STUDY 1.1 Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. Refer to Research Study 1.1 to answer the following four questions. Susan's prediction that students who have all three needs met will experience greater satisfaction with their psychology class is an example of which of the following?

A hypothesis

Students who are interested in being consumers of but not producers of research might choose all of the following professions EXCEPT:

A political pollster

Benjamin is a social psychologist who studies marriage. He believes that marital satisfaction has two components: the ability to trust one's partner and a belief that one can be a good spouse. This is known as:

A theory

RESEARCH STUDY 1.1 Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. Refer to Research Study 1.1 to answer the following four questions. Deci and Ryan's general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is an example of which of the following?

A theory

Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?

Administering an anxiety questionnaire

RESEARCH STUDY 1.1 Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. Refer to Research Study 1.1 to answer the following four questions. After Susan collects and analyzes her data, which of the following is the next logical step?

Altering or amending the theory to fit her data

Which of the following is an example of applied research?

An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8-year-olds

Which of the following is an example of basic research?

An experimental psychologist who examines people's ability to perceive a "sweet" taste

Research that is done specifically to solve a practical problem, like increasing memory ability or decreasing symptoms of depression, is known as:

Applied research

Which of the following is NOT an example of being a producer of research?

Attending a psychological conference

Which of the following is true of the difference between basic and applied research?

Basic and applied research have different goals.

Research that is done specifically to add to our general understanding of psychology, like distinguishing the components of extraversion or predicting the time it takes a person to determine whether an object is a face or another object, is known as:

Basic research

Your friend Gaby loves reading articles about psychology studies in her monthly women's magazine. Which of the following would you tell her?

Be careful about reading those articles because they may not present accurate findings.

Journals and magazines are similar in all the following ways EXCEPT:

Both tend to publish peer-reviewed articles.

Articles that could be considered journalism:

Do not require specialized education to read

________ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory.

Empiricism

Which of the following people will likely NOT find it important to be a consumer of psychological research professionally?

Gardeners

Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All of the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:

He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies

Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English teacher and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. All of the following are important reasons for him to be a good consumer of research EXCEPT:

He will likely need to be a producer of researcher as well

Which of the following is true of the relationship between hypotheses and theories?

Hypotheses used to determine if a theory is accurate.

Which of the following is the reason that scientific journals use peer review?

It ensures that the studies published are of the highest quality.

Both James and Thomas have theories that explain why listening to classical music while reading is associated with increased recall of the material. James' theory is much simpler than Thomas'. Thomas created his theory a few months before James did. Which of the following is true?

James' theory would be considered better because it is more parsimonious.

All of the following are reasons that a journalist may misrepresent a psychology study in a magazine EXCEPT:

Journalists are unethical

Dr. Stewart is an editor of a psychology journal. She wants to ensure that reviewers give honest reviews of the papers they are asked to read. Which of the following could she do to increase the likelihood of honest feedback?

Make sure the identity of peer reviewers is unknown

Another word for data is a/an ________.

Observation

Occam's razor states that the simplest solution is the best, all things being equal. This speaks to a theory's:

Parsimony

Another word for hypothesis is a/an ________.

Prediction

In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to ________.

Questions

Which aspect of the peer-review cycle allows for the greatest amount of honesty in reviews?

The anonymity of the peer reviewers

Nadia submits her article to a scientific journal for publication. Who makes the final decision on whether an article is published in that scientific journal?

The editor of the journal

The quality of journalists' coverage of a science story will be determined by two factors:

The importance and accuracy of the story

Dr. Gonzalez is a peer reviewer for a manuscript submitted to a journal. He is likely to provide comments on all of the following EXCEPT:

The prestige/reputation of the author

RESEARCH STUDY 1.1 Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. Refer to Research Study 1.1 to answer the following four questions. Susan's hypothesis was not completely supported by her data. What does this mean?

The theory may need to be amended.

All of the following are reasons psychological scientists publish their research EXCEPT:

To get money from the journals where their work appears

According to the text, the bridge between basic and applied research is known as:

Translational research

Vinai learns that people with schizophrenia have a problem labeling their emotions. Using this information, he designs a research study to examine whether teaching patients with schizophrenia to label the emotions of people they see in movie clips helps them to better label their own emotions. Vinai hopes that the findings of this research could then be used to create an intervention used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Vinai's study is an example of:

Translational research