Abnormal Psychology Ch 8

​Individuals from which culture are especially likely to present bodily complaints when they are depressed?

Chinese

​Shelly is pessimistic about her future. Her disinterest in everything around her, together with her loss of energy and motivation, make it difficult for her to cope with even the most minor of daily events. The symptom of pessimism demonstrates which domain of depression?

Cognitive

Which controversial treatment is considered by many clinicians to be an effective for treating profound depression?

ECT

​Which of the following is the most comprehensive behavioral explanation of depression?

Lewinsohn's model

​Shauna experienced three different major depressive episodes during the fall and winter. She was unable to care for herself, and did not eat much. These symptoms suggest that Shauna is likely to have experienced which depressive disorder?

MDD with a seasonal pattern

​Rose, an elderly woman, suffers from depression. An evaluation at a sleep clinic finds that Rose has in increased need for sleep during the winter months, but not in the summer months. What would the diagnosis be?

MDD with seasonal pattern

Which individual best illustrates the symptoms of mania?

Paul, who has boundless energy and becomes angered when frustrated

Romeo is grandiose in his thinking, incoherent in his speech, and so hyperactive he has hardly sat down in the past week. DeJuan is overactive and elated, starting projects but not completing them. However, he shows neither delusions nor incoherence in his speech. According to the DSM-5, ____

Romeo illustrates the manic state, and DeJuan the hypomanic state.

Jeannie, a 36-year-old woman, sees a psychiatrist while suffering from an initial episode of unipolar depression. Which biological treatment is her psychiatrist most likely to prescribe?

SSRIs

​Moods disorders differ from temporary emotional reactions to life events because they ____.

are markedly out-of-proportion to life circumstances

Ronnie has recurrent major depressive episodes that alternate with hypomania. According to the DSM-5, Ronnie should be diagnosed with ____.

bipolar II

For the past several weeks, Ian's thinking races from one idea to the next, and he cannot stay focused on any one idea. He feels pressure to keep on talking, feels a decreased need for sleep, and has been arrested for harassing pedestrians on the street. Of the following, what diagnosis would Ian most likely be given?

bipolar disorder

​The cognitive symptoms of depression include ____.

catastrophic thinking, magnification of the negative, minimization of the positive

Artie speaks so rapidly that people have a hard time keeping up with what he says. He also changes topics mid-sentence and, although much of what he says is understandable, his accelerated, disjointed speech and idiosyncratic phrases make it difficult to follow his train of thought. Artie is exhibiting which category of bipolar symptoms?

cognitive

Which treatment of depression seems to have the lowest rate of relapse?

cognitive therapy

Nathan has a seven-year history of mild mood swings. When he is "high," he is coherent; when he is "low," he is never suicidal or unable to function. What is the best diagnosis for Nathan?

cyclothymic disorder

Lucy feels worthless and extremely sad. She has had crying spells that do not stem from any particular event. Life seems uninteresting and colorless. Lucy's symptoms illustrate the ____.

emotional symptoms of depression

What is a key concept in the behavioral explanation of depression?

few reinforcers and poor social skills

John has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Consistent with neuroimaging studies, we would expect that John will ____.

have reduced grey matter

Timothy has been unable to function at work for more than a year since the death of his mother. He feels he is worthless. His friends notice that his thought processes seem faulty, and he seems to be doing everything in "slow motion." Timothy's reaction to his mother's death ____.

indicates persistent complex bereavement disorder

Which of the following is a physiological symptom of depression?

lack of interest in eating and weight loss

In therapy, a psychologist tries to convince a depressed woman that her actions do affect the environment and that even though uncontrollable events happened in the past, they need not happen again. This therapist is making use of principles from ____.

learned helplessness theory

Jill has had one episode of major depression with no history of mania or hypomania. What could she be diagnosed with?

major depressive disorder

Greta's psychiatrist advises her to buy bright lights, which are to be turned on in the early morning hours of winter days to reduce her problem with depression. We can guess that Greta's problem is ____.

major depressive disorders with a seasonal pattern

Khalil has been losing weight because he has no interest in eating. He also complains of constipation. Furthermore, he has difficulty falling asleep and then wakes up several times during the night, often because of nightmares. Khalil is experiencing which symptoms of depression?

physiological

Ralph has lost twenty pounds since he was fired from his job. He either cannot get to sleep or wakes up early and is exhausted the next day. These facts illustrate which symptoms of depression?

physiological

A young woman cannot stop thinking about how hopeless her life is. No matter how much she tries to think about other things, all she can think about is what has gone wrong. This woman is engaging in ____.

rumination

Noveck and Tompson (2007) surveyed people ages 13-24 to learn what makes them happy. The top answer was ____.

spending time with family

​Imagine that there is an equal level of stress in Gerald's and Mary's lives. Ruling out biological differences, we might expect Mary to be more prone to depression if she ____.

tends to ruminate and amplify her depressive moods

A recent concern about the use of SSRIs for treating depression is ____.

the potential for suicide among young people

Research addressing the relationship between stress and depression suggests that ____.

there is a bidirectional relationship between stress and depression so that stress can cause depression and depression can cause stress.

Which statement best illustrates Beck's explanation of depression?

​"Depression is primarily a problem in thinking; negative schemas make one feel depressed."

​Which quote best illustrates what Seligman means by learned helplessness?

​"Nothing I do will ever improve my situation."

​Rochelle suffers from bipolar II disorder and Elaine suffers from cyclothymic disorder. Which statement best describes the reasons that one of these women is more likely than the other to miss work due to her illness?

​Because her depressive episodes are more severe and more persistent than Elaine's, Rochelle will miss more work.

Luis's mother dies suddenly, and he experiences great sadness. Which statement indicates that this could turn into persistent complex bereavement disorder rather than normal mourning?

​He has experienced severe and incapacitating depression for more than one year.

​Which term is correctly paired with its definition?

​Hypomania may involve poor judgment but not delusions.

Valentine has had two episodes of depression during the winter. During the summer, she does not have any occurrences. She would likely be diagnosed with ____.

​MDD with a seasonal pattern

A psychologist describes a patient as showing certain cognitive symptoms associated with depressive reactions. Which patient is being described?

​Megan, who has a negative view of herself, her present experiences, and her future expectations

all of the following people were unsuccessful in getting a job after undergoing three interviews. Which person's thinking illustrates the depressive attributional style?

​Theresa: "I am always incompetent—in job interviews and everything else."

​Mrs. Smyth is diagnosed with depression because she has lost weight, expresses excessive guilt, and is unresponsive to pleasurable things. Further, she is more active. Which symptom listed would NOT be consistent with the diagnosis of depression?

​increased activity

Depressed behavior is related to ____.

​low levels of serotonin

According to Beck, when people see themselves in a pessimistic way and assume that people do not like them, they have a ____.

​negative self-schema

Brianna has always been pessimistic. For the past three years, on most days she feels tired, guilty, and unable to concentrate. However, her eating, sleeping, and daily functioning have not been impaired. This chronic depressed state best illustrates ____.

​persistent depressive disorder

Unlike depression, in mania, ____.

​the mood is elevated, expansive, or irritable

Evidence for heritability of bipolar disorders suggests that ____.

​there is a complex genetic basis of bipolar disorders involving interactions among multiple genes