abnormal psychology test

Which of the following is an example of Albert Ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy?

A therapist refutes irrational beliefs

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is

an expressionless face

mood stabilizer

lithium

having an unwarranted sense of self-importance, thinking that one is the "center of the universe"

narcissistic personality disorder

Which of the following most likely emphasized listening intently and feeling positively about a client no matter what the client did in therapy?

Carl Rogers

Misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease is indicative of

Hypochondriasis

anti depressant

prozac

which of the following is the primary reason for using the most current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

to use a reliable classification system for mental disorders

During psychoanalysis Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of a ___ of her feelings toward her father

transference

cutting a hole in the head of the afflicted to let out the evil spirit (early theory)

trephening

As a child, Ryan took delight in hurting animals. As an adult, he frequently abuses strangers and feels no remorse. What diagnosis would Ryan most likely receive, and why?

Antisocial personality disorder, because lack of empathy and remorse are characteristics of this disorder.

big book of psychological disorders- classifies disorders and describes the symptoms, does NOT explain the causes or possible cures

DSM

Dr. Keeler believes that a strong therapeutic alliance causes positive therapeutic outcomes. He tests this hypothesis by randomly assigning individuals seeking therapy to either work with a therapist or work through a therapy workbook and then measuring the reduction in symptoms after eight weeks. Dr. Keeler concludes that therapy is beneficial to anyone experiencing psychological problems. Why is Dr. Keeler's conclusion invalid?

Dr. Keeler conducted his study from individuals seeking out therapy; therefore, his results are not applicable to the general population

Which therapeutic lifestyle change would have a positive impact on someone's well-being if they experience bouts of depression?

Engaging in aerobic exercise

Scott is undergoing psychoanalysis to try to deal with his severe anxiety. What technique is his therapist likely to use?

Free association

Joaquim wants to determine whether cognitive therapy is effective in treating depression. He measures the depression levels of 40 participants using a pretest, making several practical behavior-change recommendations to implement, and then measuring depression levels in a posttest. Joaquim concludes that cognitive therapy was effective in treating depression. Why is this conclusion invalid?

Joaquim should have used a control group.

The DSM-IV would be most useful for deciding whether:

Katie is depressed

Which of the following scenarios is consistent with the behavioral therapeutic approach?

Ralph is misbehaving in school so Dr. Evans creates a token economy to increase Ralph's good behavior.

Which research design, using twenty participants, would most effectively determine how well a drug treats depression?

Randomly assign ten participants to a group that receives the drug and ten participants to a group that receives a placebo. After ten weeks of treatment, evaluate the participants' level of depression.

Dr. Vazquez is interested in comparing the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy with that of antidepressant drugs in treating depression. Which research design is he most likely to use?

Randomly assigning participants to either take an SSRI or receive a brief electrical current through their brain

which of the following individuals would most likely experience the lowest level stigma because of their psychological disorder diagnosis?

Ronaldo, a man, who was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa

Dr. Jones hypothesizes that antianxiety drugs cause a reduction in central nervous system activity. In order to test the hypothesis, what should her independent variable be?

Taking Xanax versus taking a placebo

Paul is seeing a cognitive therapist to treat his depression. What piece of advice is Paul's therapist likely to give him?

Try to replace your catastrophic thinking with more realistic, positive thoughts.

The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found?

Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results

Of the following therapists, who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses

a psychoanalyst

Ben is a cognitive-behavior therapist. Compared to Rachel, who is a behavior therapist, Ben is more likely to:

address clients' attitudes as well as behaviors

which scenario is most closely related to the results of the 1973 Rosenhan study?

after Andy received a diagnosis of bulimia nerviosa, his family interpreted all of his behaviors as symptoms of his diagnosis

Oliver has been afraid to leave his house for several months. He cannot identify anything in particular that scares him, but he has begun having food and groceries delivered and keeps his shades drawn. Oliver most likely suffers from what disorder?

agoraphobia

To test the effectiveness of an SSRI, Dr. Morris randomly assigns one group of participants to receive the drug and assigns the other group a placebo. Dr. Morris is most likely using

an experimental design, and the dependent variable is depression

Since her father's death, Nina has become dangerously thin because she exercises compulsively and strictly limits her eating. Based on these symptoms, Nina would most likely be diagnosed with what disorder?

anorexia nervosa

lack of empathy, little regard for other's feelings, view the world as hostile and look out for themselves, lack impulse control (frontal lobe), take actions without thinking about consequences

antisocial personality disorder

most common hallucination

auditory

Jimmy has a difficult time paying attention in class. He often gets up from his seat, he demonstrates repetitive behaviors, and has difficulty making eye contact with others. What disorder is Jimmy most likely experiencing?

autism spectrum disorder

most common negative symptom

avolition/apathy (lack of motivation)

Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus on eliminatijng her problem behavior rather than gaining insight into its underlying cause. Most likely Leota has consulted a __ therapist

behavior

A patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed, being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her physical appearance. The poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as television viewing, snacks, and magazines. This is an example of the ______ therapy technique called______

behavior; token economy

George Fredrick Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believe Handel suffered a mid form of:

bipolar disorder

Geraldine goes through a few weeks of feeling so sad that she can barely summon the energy to leave her bed. Then she will have an extended period of energy and productivity, during which she barely sleeps, Geraldine would most likely be diagnosed with what disorder?

bipolar disorder

Bree, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, remains motionless for hours despite her family's attempts to interact with her. What symptom is Bree demonstrating?

catatonia

Given that Jim's therapist attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, she is probably practicing:

client-centered therapy

After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of his athletic incompetence. The campus psychologist used gentle questioning to reveal to Darnel that his thinking was irrational. His "incompetence" had earned hi an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical of a ___ therapist a. behavior b. psychoanalytic c. client- centered d. cognitive

cognitive

Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?

cognitive therapy

During a stressful military battle, Fong suddenly went blind. When hypnotized by an army psychiatrist, his blindness vanished. Fong apparently suffered from a

conversion disorder

The results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveals that: A) no single type of therapy is consistently superior. B) behavior therapies are most effective in treating specific problems, such as phobias. C) cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions. D) all of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

a relative wants to know which type of therapy works best you should tell your relative that a. psychotherapy does not work b. behavior therapy is the most effective c. cognitive therapy is the most effective d. no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

d. no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from

delusions

most common positive symptom

delusions

display excessive levels of submissiveness, need for approval, desire to be taken care of

dependent personality disorder

people in western cultures more prone to

depression

someone being born in winter

depression

what term associated with psychological disorders best describes a thought, feeling, or behavior that is atypical or rare?

deviant

William, an airplane pilot, is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed. Because he himself suffered no physical injuries, psychologists suspect that William probably suffers from

dissociative disorder

Greg experienced trauma as a young child. Now as an adult, in times of stress, his voice and mannerisms change and he claims to be a different person. Greg's symptoms are most in line with what psychological disorder?

dissociative identity disorder

The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called _______ ; this technique is favored by _______ therapists

free association; psychoanalytic

In which of the following disorders is a person continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic arousal

generalized anxiety disorder

causes of schizophrenia

genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter abnormalities, prenatal or birth problems, adolescent abnormalities in brain development

Hearing voices would be a(n) ________; believing that you are Napoleon would be a(n) ________.

hallucination; delusion

Wilma is extremely agitated because she hears voices that tell her to sexually seduce the male nurses in her hospital ward. Wilma is most clearly suffering from

hallucinations

overly dramatic, attention seeking behavior (acting silly or dressing provocatively)

histrionic personality disorder

which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's inherent potential for self-fulfillment

humanistic therapy

Carl Rogers was a _____ therapist who was the creator of ______

humanistic; insight therapy

A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-IV-TR in order to _________ various psychological disorders

identify

Dr. Freddy believes that the development of schizophrenia is solely caused by biological factors. Which of the following is NOT accounted for by this belief?

if one member of a set of identical twins develops schizophrenia, the other twin has an almost 50 percent chance of also developing schizophrenia

When John Hinckley shot US President Ronald Reagan, he was sent to a mental hospital rather than to prison because he was judged to be:

insane

Cheryl, who is 85, is having difficulty remembering her phone number and address; at times, she is unsure of where she is. Cheryl is most likely experiencing

major neurocognitive disorder

Gale reluctantly visited a psychotherapist because he is unable to maintain personal relationships. He says, "People don't understand how fortunate they are when I give them the opportunity to come out with me. Sometimes they even say they already have other plans. They clearly are making a mistake turning me down!" Gale's mindset is most indicative of what disorder?

narcissistic personality disorder

Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing

obsessive compulsive disorder

Every night as he readies for bed, Steven walks in a circle beside his bed five times, afraid that something terrible will happen if he does not. Then, after lying down, he fears that he did not count right, gets up, and repeats the circling. This cycle continues to the point that he gets little sleep. Steven most likely has what disorder?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

overly concerned with orderliness, neatness, control, or achieving perfection, not as extreme as the anxiety disorder

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from

panic attack

Delusions of persecution are most common among those with ________ schizophrenia.

paranoid

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates

personality disorder

french doctor who was the "first" to call to "take the chains off," calling for treatment of mental disorders as disease, sickness

philippe pinel

Kaylee is so alarmed by spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to enter the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from a(n):

phobia

Ever since Minnie witnessed a serious car crash, she continues to have vivid nightmares and reacts with panic at any sudden noise. Minnie's symptoms are most indicative of what disorder?

post traumatic stress disorder

Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

post traumatic stress disorder

In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a "word salad"?

schizophrenia

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and cured

Lena has experienced severe pain in her right arm for years, although her doctor can find no cause or external symptom for the pain. Lena would most likely be diagnosed with what psychological disorder?

somatic symptom disorder

In order to help him overcome his fear of flying, Duane's therapist has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering stimuli and then learn to associate each with a state of deep relaxation. Duane's therapist is using the technique called:

systematic desensitization

What is an appropriate reason for a clinician to break confidentiality?

the client is a danger to self or others