Abnormal Psychology test 2

In the famous case of Sybil Dorsett, Sybil displayed ___________ subpersonalities, all with different identifying features. a. 12 b. 17 c. 15 d. 13

b. 17

If a person receives the chemical L-dopa, a precursor of dopamine, it reduces the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, L-dopa may increase symptoms of schizophrenia. What might one reasonably conclude from this? a. Antipsychotic medication increases the amount of dopamine in the brain. b. Excessive dopamine produces schizophrenic symptoms. c. Antipsychotic medication decreases the amount of L-dopa in the brain. d. L-dopa causes schizophrenia.

b. Excessive dopamine produces schizophrenic symptoms.

Maxine started worrying about cleanliness when her first child was born. That worry has intensified and she cannot stop thinking that germs lurk everywhere. She is exhibiting a(n): a. compulsion. b. obsessive idea. c. obsessive image. d. obsessive doubt.

b. Obsessive idea.

Which of the following would be the MOST common type of hallucination? a. My intestines are a mass of wiggling worms. b. That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. c. That butterfly is growing so much it is as big as the house. d. There are invisible bugs crawling under my skin.

b. That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along.

People who experience a positive event, get excited, breath harder, and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing what cognitive theorists call: a. exposure relapse. b. anxiety sensitivity. c. behavioral inhibition. d. biological challenge.

b. anxiety sensitivity.

"If one receives a good deal of attention for unusual behaviors, is it any surprise those behaviors are strengthened?" is a question MOST likely asked by what kind of theorist? a. cognitive b. behavioral c. sociocultural d. psychodynamic

b. behavioral.

Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension. This is an example of: a. EMG training. b. biofeedback training. c. relaxation training. d. self-instruction training.

b. biofeedback training.

Someone who believes that experiences teach us early in life that certain objects are legitimate sources of fear represents the ______ explanation of the development of phobias. a. ecological b. environmental c. empirical d. evolutionary

b. environmental.

A person with schizophrenia who said, "It's cold today. My cold is better but I got it from the nurse. She is a big blonde who lives in Manhattan. I live in Manhattan with Jimmy Carter," is experiencing: a. perseveration. b. loose associations. c. clang. d. neologisms.

b. loose associations.

You have found enlarged ventricles during a postmortem analysis on a sample of brain tissue. This is MOST likely to be evidence of: a. schizophrenia involving mainly positive symptoms. b. schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms. c. schizophreniform disorder. d. conversion disorder.

b. schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms

Which of the following is an example of a metaworry? a. worry about all possible signs of danger b. worrying about worrying c. thinking about worrying d. worry about not worrying enough

b. worrying about worrying.

Someone who believes that among our ancestors, those who feared animals, darkness, and heights were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce, represents the ______ explanation of the development of phobias. a. environmental b. evolutionary c. externalized d. empirical

b. evolutionary.

Chemically speaking, why do people who are methamphetamine addicts sometimes display schizophrenic-like behavior? a. Amphetamines increase dopamine in the brain, leading to a schizophrenic-like response. b. Amphetamines are chemically similar to the medications used to treat schizophrenia. c. Amphetamines decrease dopamine in the brain, leading to a schizophrenic-like response. d. Amphetamines are used to treat the unpleasant side-effects of schizophrenia.

a. Amphetamines increase dopamine in the brain, leading to a schizophrenic-like response.

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think she is Cinderella is experiencing a(n) ______ hallucination and a delusion of ______ a. auditory; grandeur b. olfactory; reference c. gustatory, persecution d. tactile; control

a. auditory;grandeur

People with schizophrenia who wave their arms around in wild motions and make kicking motions with their legs are experiencing: a. catatonic excitement. b. catatonic rigidity. c. catatonic posturing. d. catatonic stupor.

a. catatonic excitement

Since 1950, interest in psychological explanations for schizophrenia, as opposed to genetic and biological explanations have: a. decreased, then increased. b. decreased steadily. c. increased, then decreased. d. stayed the same.

a. decreased, then increased.

In these disorders, parts of one's memory or identity seem to be separated from other parts of one's memory or identify. a. dissociative disorders b. dissociative amnesia c. illness anxiety disorders d. somatic symptom disorders

a. dissociative disorders.

In the psychodynamic view, dissociative identity disorder is thought to result from a lifetime of: a. excessive repression. b. minimal regression. c. limited repression. d. excessive regression.

a. excessive repression.

This is the final merging of two or more subpersonalities in multiple personality disorder. a. fusion b. mixing c. integration d. blending

a. fusion.

"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would most likely be offered by: a. humanistic theorists. b. cognitive theorists. c. sociocultural theorists. d. behaviorists.

a. humanistic theorists.

Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are caused by: a. repression. b. projection. c. regression. d. sublimation.

a. repression.

Most contemporary psychodynamic theorists would agree with which of the following statements? a. Schizophrenogenic mothers, if they do exist, don't create schizophrenic children. b. Schizophrenogenic mothers confuse their children, resulting in their children becoming schizophrenic. c. Schizophrenogenia should be applied to fathers as well as to mothers. d. Schizophrenogenia has been supported by research as an important contributor to schizophrenia.

a. Schizophrenogenic mothers, if they do exist, don't create schizophrenic children.

This disorder involves an individual feigning or inducing physical symptoms, typically for the purpose of assuming the role of a sick person. a. factitious disorder b. somatic symptom disorder c. conversion disorder d. illness anxiety disorder

a. factitious disorder.

The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that: a. hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief. b. hallucinations are more common early in the disorder and delusions more common later. c. hallucinations are auditory and delusions are visual. d. hallucinations are more serious than delusions.

a. hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief.

The two or more distinct personalities found in individuals suffering with dissociative identity disorder are referred to as: a. subpersonalities. b. suprapersonalities. c. superlative personalities. d. superpersonalities.

a. subpersonalities.

Leila always feels threatened and anxious—imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing: a. no specific problem; she just likes to worry. b. a specific fear response. c. a generalized anxiety disorder. d. a hormonal imbalance.

c. a generalized anxiety disorder.

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be: Answers: a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. posttraumatic stress disorder. c. a social phobia. d. a specific phobia.

c. a social phobia.

These theorists believe that conversion and somatic symptom disorders are caused by unconscious conflicts carried forth from childhood, which arouse anxiety, and the individuals convert this anxiety into more tolerable physical symptoms. a. multicultural b. behavioral c. cognitive d. psychodynamic

c. cognitive

These theorists propose that conversion and somatic symptom disorders are forms of communication, providing a means for people to express emotions that would otherwise be difficult to convey. a. psychodynamic b. multicultural c. cognitive d. behavioral

c. cognitive.

Which of the following therapies is an effective long-term, nonpharmacological treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately? a. humanistic b. behavioral c. cognitive d. psychodynamic

c. cognitive.

When someone checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off before leaving in the morning, one is exhibiting a(n): a. panic attack. b. obsession. c. compulsion. d. phobia.

c. compulsion.

Patients are MORE likely to recover from schizophrenia if they: a. had primarily negative rather than positive signs. b. had hallucinations but no delusions. c. demonstrated good premorbid functioning. d. showed delusions but no hallucinations.

c. demonstrated good premorbid functioning.

People who have a biological vulnerability for anxiety that is brought to the surface by social/psychological factors develop generalized anxiety disorders, according to the: a. cognitive-behavioral model. b. evolutionary perspective. c. diathesis-stress model. d. psychodynamic model.

c. diathesis-stress model.

One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called: a. systematic desensitization. b. flooding. c. modeling. d. implosive therapy.

c. modeling.

Schizophrenia researchers have been: a. more successful in identifying psychological origins than biological origins of schizophrenia. b. about equally successful in identifying biological and psychological origins of schizophrenia. c. more successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia. d. frustratingly unsuccessful in identifying either biological or psychological origins of schizophrenia.

c. more successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia.

an is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid that behavior. If her fear is judged to be phobic, the most accurate diagnosis would be: a. agoraphobia. b. specific phobia. c. narrow social phobia. d. broad social phobia.

c. narrow social phobia.

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a: a. phobia. b. posttraumatic disorder. c. panic attack. d. obsessive-compulsive response.

c. panic attack.

Which of the following is NOT related to a fuller recovery from schizophrenia? a. good prodromal functioning b. schizophrenia initially triggered by stress c. schizophrenia developing in early life d. an abrupt beginning to the disorder

c. schizophrenia developing in early life.

Some theorists have concluded that dissociative disorders may be a form of: a. state-dependent learning. b. internalized depression. c. self-hypnosis. d. psychosis.

c. self-hypnosis.

In the psychodynamic view, dissociative amnesia is a(n) ___________ episode of massive repression. a. unrelated b. recurring c. single d. discontinuous

c. single.

People around those who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia begin to treat them as if they are "crazy," expecting and overreacting to odd behaviors that they might not even notice in others. This observation is MOST consistent with the ______ understanding of schizophrenia. a. psychodynamic b. family systems c. sociocultural d. cognitive

c. sociocultural

John was intentionally faking symptoms of mental illness in order to collect disability. This is known as: a. hysterics. b. somatization. c. malingering. d. factitiousness.

c. malingering

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n): a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. phobic disorder. c. panic disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

c. panic disorder.

The average number of subpersonalities per patient is ____________for women and ___________ for men. a. 10; 5 b. 8; 4 c. 18; 8 d. 15; 8

d. 15;8

Which one of the following statements about the use of antidepressants, such as Xanax, to treat a panic disorder is MOST accurate? a. The drugs are effective for only about 25 percent of the people who take them. b. The drugs must be taken "as needed" rather than on a regular schedule. c. Antianxiety drugs are preferred over antidepressants. d. For the drugs to be effective, one has to keep taking them, even when symptoms are lessened.

d. For the drugs to be effective, one has to keep taking them, even when symptoms are lessened.

In the United States, people from ___________ cultures seem to display more somatic reactions in the face of stress. a. Asian b. Italian c. African-American d. Hispanic

d. Hispanic

All of the following are common to people with factitious disorder EXCEPT: a. employment in the medical field in some capacity. b. extensive medical treatment during childhood. c. the carrying of a grudge against the medical profession. d. an exuberant social life.

d. an exuberant social life.

In ___________, people display physical symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning, but the symptoms are inconsistent with known medical diseases. a. somatoform disorder b. dissociative disorder c. sociative disorder d. conversion disorder

d. conversion disorder.

The drug treatment that is most effective in treating panic disorders is like that used to treat: a. schizophrenia. b. bipolar disorder. c. generalized anxiety. d. depression.

d. depression.

Illness anxiety disorder most often starts in: a. early adolescence. b. early childhood. c. late adulthood. d. early adulthood.

d. early adulthood.

In a conversion symptom called ___________, numbness begins sharply at the wrist and extends evenly right to the fingertips. a. hand anesthesia b. wrist anesthesia c. mitten anesthesia d. glove anesthesia

d. glove anesthesia.

For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive-compulsive disorder, it must: a. decrease norepinephrine activity. b. increase norepinephrine activity. c. decrease serotonin activity. d. increase serotonin activity.

d. increase serotonin activity.

Conversion disorder usually begins between: a. late childhood and middle adulthood. b. early childhood and young adulthood. c. early childhood and late adulthood. d. late childhood and young adulthood.

d. late childhood and young adulthood.

A friend of your says, "I'll try to see only the positive side of things, then everything will be OK." From a cognitive perspective, your friend is: a. engaging in response prevention. b. habituating. c. exposing. d. neutralizing.

d. neutralizing.

Therapists try to help clients with dissociative identity disorder achieve all of the following EXCEPT: a. integrate their subpersonalities into one functional personality. b. recognize fully the nature of their disorder. c. recover the gaps in their memory. d. reduce the intensity of their subpersonalities by having them repress their memories.

d. reduce the intensity of their subpersonalities by having them repress their memories.

Families that display high levels of expressed emotion do all of the following EXCEPT: a. intrude on one another's privacy. b. frequently express negative emotions toward each other. c. show hostility toward each other. d. approve of one another's actions.

d. approve of one another's actions.

An emergency medical technician (EMT) arrives at the scene of a bad car accident, and calmly prepares a severely injured passenger for transport to a hospital while others at the scene are screaming and crying with fear and grief. The EMT's training has resulted in behavior similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called: a. ahedonia. b. poverty of speech. c. flat affect. d. blunted affect.

d. blunted affect.

A particular country has almost a 3 percent prevalence for schizophrenia. That country: a. has a lower-than-average schizophrenia prevalence. b. has a normal schizophrenia prevalence. c. has such a high schizophrenia prevalence that it almost certainly is a developing country. d. has a higher-than-average schizophrenia prevalence.

d. has a higher-than-average schizophrenia prevalence.

What treatment programs seem to work best for mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)? a. short-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy b. short-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy c. long-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy d. long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy

d. long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy

A person with schizophrenia who is feeling apathetic, drained, and unable to start or follow through on any projects is displaying: a. social withdrawal. b. blunted or flat affect. c. poverty of speech. d. loss of volition.

d. loss of volition.