ACC 324 Exam 2

post-overide

can violate rules if authorized after violations occur

pre-overide

can violate rules if authorized before violations occur

attributes

columns (also called fields) describe?

enterprise systems (ERP systems)

commercialized information systems that integrate and automate business processes across a firm's value chain located within and across organizations.

sequence flows

communication between activities are represented using?

message flows

communication between organizations are represented using?

1. start events 2. intermediate events 3. end events 4. sequence flows 5. message flows 6. activities 7. gateways

components of activity models?

1. classes 2. associations 3. multiplicities 4. attributes

components of structural models?

attributes

data elements that describe the characteristics of instances in a class

multiplicities

definition of the number of times things can be related

association

depicts the relationship between classes

structure models

describe the data and information structures inherent in a business process or processes.

message flows (shown by dashed arrows)

describe the interaction between participants

aggregation relationships

describes classes that are often considered together; two things that could exist separately from each other though

data dictionary

describes the data fields in a database such as field type and field length.

swimlanes

different agents in the same organization are represented using?

pools

different organizations are represented using?

referential integrity

duplicating keys violates the rule of?

single valued; describe the class

each attribute of a record must be ___________; all fields in the table should _________________.

referential integrity rule

foreign key value must be either null or match a value in the corresponding table

composition relationships

form of aggregation; two things could not exist separately from each other

association

generic relationship between two classes

one for as many business processes you have; one

how many BPMN models should you have? how many UML diagrams should you have?

intermediate error event

in a BPMN model showing processing for exceptions to the normal process flow.

intermediate timer event

indicate a delay in the normal process flow of the BPMN model until a fixed amount of time has elapsed.

1. a specific date (such as December 31) 2. a relative time (such as 30 days) 3. a relative repetitive date (such as next Friday at 5 pm)

intermediate timer events can represent?

generalized relationships

models a grouping of things that share common characteristics

strict enforcement

no violations allowed

entity integrity rule

primary key of table must have data values, cannot be null

records

rows describe?

1. must have start and end events 2. sequence flows must be continuous

rules for activity models?

1. map classes to tables 2. map class attributes to table fields and assign primary keys 3. map associations to foreign keys 4. create new tables to implement many-to-many relationships 5. implement relationships among tables

rules for structural models?

agents

the people who participate in business events, such as customers and salespeople.

events

the various business activities conducted in a firm's daily operations, such as sales and purchases

resources

those things that have economic value to a firm, such as cash and products

hierarchical data model

tree-like structure, parent-child relationship; have to build new model to update

1. allowed 2. obligatory 3. prohibited

types of business rules?

1. generalized 2. aggregation 3. composition

types of other relationships between classes (not including associations)?

data entry

use forms in microsoft access for this

data retrieve

use queries in microsoft access for this

data storage

use tables in microsoft access for this

forms

utilized by users to enter data into tables and view existing records.

reports

utilized by users to enter data into tables and view existing records.

designate responsibilities for separation for duties

what is the best reason that type images support internal control activities?

activity

what kind of model is a BPMN diagram?

structural

what kind of model is a UML diagram?

allowed business rules

what we can do, when...

obligatory business rules

what we should do

prohibited business rules

what we should not do

Object Management Group

who maintains the standards for UML class diagrams?

type images

Class that represents management information (such as categorizations, policies, and guidelines) to help manage a business process; often allows process information to be summarized by category

application controls

Ensure data integrity and an audit trail; for example, new invoices are assigned sequential numbers; Specific to a subsystem or an application to ensure the validity, completeness, and accuracy of the transactions.

collapsed subprocess

In BPMN, contains a series of steps for one pool that are hidden from view.

orchestration

In BPMN, the sequence of activities within one pool.

cloud computing

Internet-based computing, where shared resources, software, and information are provided to firms on demand; Using redundant servers in multiple locations to host virtual machines.

access controls

Limit who can use and change records in the system; for example, passwords control who can use an application.

intermediate event

Occurs between start and end events and affects the flow of the process of the BPMN model

gateways

Show process branching and merging as the result of decisions; depicted as diamonds.

choreography

The interaction (message flows) between two participants (modeled as pools) in a process modeled using BPMN.

false

True or false: Access offers modules, which are defined by users to automate processes like opening a specific form.

true

True or false: Type images help manage business processes by applying constraints or summarizing economic activity.

activities are for activity models (BPMN); classes are for structural models (UML) (both depicted as rectangles)

What are the differences between activities and classes?

sequence flows are for activity models (BPMN); associations are for structural models (UML) (both depicted as solid lines - sequence flows have arrows, associations do not)

What are the differences between associations and sequence flows?

relational data model (because of flexibility and scalability, simplicity, and reduced information redundancy)

What kind of data models is most commonly used in today's business environment?

resources, events, agents, and type images

What kinds of classes are there?

structured query language

a computer language designed to query data in a relational database; based on relational algebra and allows a user to query and update the database

relational data model

a data model that stores information in the form of related two-dimensional tables. It allows designers and users to identify relationships at the time the database is created or much later whenever new informational requirements from the data model are desired.

network data model

a flexible model representing objects and their relationships. The network model allows each record to have multiple parent and child records or M:N mapping, also known as many-to-many relationships. These form a lattice structure (often looking like a big net) connecting parent and child records together.

internal control

a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability of financial reporting, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

1. update data 2. report data 3. retrieve data

a query in a program language can be used to?

business rule

a succinct statement of a constraint on a business process.

class

any separately identifiable collection of things (objects) about which the organization wants to collect and store information

foreign key

attribute or combination of attributes used to link tables

primary key

attribute that serves as an identifier; unique to one instance

1. strict enforcement 2. pre-overide 3. post-overide

3 types of enforceable business rules?

collaboration

A BPMN model showing two participant pools and the interactions between them within a process.