Acid/ Base

Which pH value of amniotic fluid is indicated by a Nitrazine test strip that turns deep blue?

7.5

A client is receiving haloperidol for agitation, and the nurse is monitoring the client for side effects. Which response identified by the nurse is unrelated to an extrapyramidal tract effect?

A hypertensive crisis EPS Akathasia: restlessness and twitching or crawling sensations in the muscles Opisthotonos: hyperextension and arching of the back Oculogyric crisis: uncontrolled upward movement of the eyes

Which long-term effect is associated with untreated congenital hypothyroidism?

Cognitive impairment congenital hypothyroidism is the result of insufficient secretion by the thyroid gland because of an embryonic defect. A decreased level of thyroid hormone affects the fetus before birth during cerebral development, so it is likely that there will be some cognitive impairments at birth

When a client who has had a thoracotomy develops respiratory acidosis, which action would the nurse take?

Encourage deep breathing

Which statement explains why metabolic acidosis develops with kidney failure?

Inability of the renal tubules to secrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate Bicarb buffering is limited, hydrogen ions accumulate, and acidosis results RR increases in metabolic acidosis to compensate for a low pH

Which conditions are cardiovascular manifestations of alkalosis?

Increased Heart Rate Increased digitalis toxicity Acidosis cardiovascular manifestation: delayed electrical conduction, can result in decreased HR, widened QRS complexes, and prolonged PR intervals

When arterial blood gases done on a client who is being resuscitated after cardiac arrest show a low pH, which factor is the likely cause of the laboratory result?

Lactic acid production cardiac arrest causes decreased tissue perfusion, which results in anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid production

Which is the regulator of extracellular osmolarity?

Sodium Potassium is the major intracellular osmolarity regulator, and it also regulates metabolic activities, transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, cardiac conduction, and smooth and skeletal muscle contraction Chloride is a major extracellular anion and follows sodium Calcium is an extracellular cation necessary for bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, hormone secretion, cardiac conduction, transmission of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction

A pathology report states a clients urinary calculus is composed of uric acid. Which food item would the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

Liver A low purine diet controls the development of uric acid stones Avoid foods high in purines, such as organ meats and extracts The client should avoid milk for calcium stones Avoid cheese or animal protein for cysteine stones

A client with esophageal varices experiences severe hematemesis, and a Sengstake-Blakemore tube is inserted. Which design and purpose does the tube have?

Triple lumen; for esophageal compression 1 lumen inflates the esophageal balloon that compresses the esophagus, the second inflates the gastric balloon, and the third is attached to suction to decompress the stomach

When caring for a client in late hypovolemic shock, which complication will the nurse anticipate?

Metabolic acidosis decreased cellular oxygen caused by poor perfusion increases the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid, resulting in metabolic acidosis

Which initial change in acid-base balance will the nurse expect when a client is in the progressive stage of shock?

Metabolic acidosis as a result of accumulated lactic acid

Which independent nursing action would be included in the plan of care for a client after an episode of ketoacidosis?

Monitoring for signs of hypoglycemia resulting from treatment

What does the nurse consider to be the priority nursing intervention for a client on diuretic therapy who has developed metabolic alkalosis?

Preventing falls A client with alkalosis has hypotension and muscle weakness, which increases the risk for injury due to falls

Which blood gas result would the nurse expect an adolescent with diabetic ketoacidosis to exhibit?

pH 7.30 CO2 40 mmHg HCO3- 20 mEq/L results incidate metabolic acidosis