Acid-Base Imbalances Practice Q

A client with a respiratory condition is receiving oxygen therapy. While assessing the client's PaO2, the nurse knows that the therapy has been effective based on which of the following readings? A. 84 mm Hg B. 45 mm Hg C. 120 mm Hg D. 58 mm Hg

A. 84 mm Hg

The nurse is reporting on the results of client blood work to the oncoming nurse. Upon reviewing the data, it is noted that the client has an elevated uric acid level. Which inflammatory process would the nurse screen for on shift rounds? A. Gout B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Osteoporosis D. Lupus erythematosus

A. Gout

The nurse is teaching an in-service program to a group of nurses on the topic of gastrointestinal disorders. The nurses in the group make the following statements. Which statement is most accurate related to the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux? A. In this disorder the sphincter that leads into the stomach is relaxed. B. A thickened, elongated muscle causes an obstruction at the end of the stomach. C. A partial or complete intestinal obstruction occurs. D. There are recurrent paroxysmal bouts of abdominal pain.

A. In this disorder the sphincter that leads into the stomach is relaxed.

The nurse is caring for a client with worsening respiratory acidosis. Which of these interventions does the nurse anticipate if the client's condition continues to deteriorate? A. Mechanical ventilation B. Reducing the amount of supplemental oxygen C. Introduction of large muscle exercise D. Resolution of the underlying emotional cause

A. Mechanical ventilation

The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old client being treated for severe status asthmaticus. After comparing clinical manifestations with laboratory results (reported below), a nurse determines evidence that this client has progressed to which condition? A. Respiratory Acidosis B. Metabolic Acidosis C. Respiratory Alkalosis D. Metabolic Alkalosis

A. Respiratory Acidosis

During a lecture about the function of the intestine related to food digestion, the faculty mentions that when the students consume foods high in acid, the intestines will: A. stimulate the release of secretin, which then inhibits release of gastrin. B. stimulate the release of glucagon-like peptide 1 to lower blood glucose levels. C. stimulate pancreatic enzymes to release more insulin. D. inhibit the release of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide to slow gastric emptying.

A. stimulate the release of secretin, which then inhibits release of gastrin.

A client informs the nurse of a problem with acid indigestion, stating he has been taking large amounts of calcium carbonate antacids daily but still has no relief. The client states that he can consume a bottle of 100 antacids in 4 days. Which blood gas result does the nurse anticipate assessing? pH 7.25 pH 7.6 PCO2 38 mm Hg (5.05 kPa) PO2 80 mm Hg (10.64 kPa)

A: pH 7.6 A condition called mild-alkali syndrome is a condition in which chronic ingestion of milk or calcium carbonate antacids leads to hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis. The client would be in metabolic acidosis and have an elevated, not decreased, pH. PCO2 and PO2 levels would not be affected in the metabolic state.

A client with diabetic ketoacidosis was admitted to the intensive care unit 4 hours ago and has these laboratory results: blood glucose level 450 mg/dl, serum potassium level 2.5 mEq/L, serum sodium level 140 mEq/L, and urine specific gravity 1.025. The client has two IV lines in place with normal saline solution infusing through both. Over the past 4 hours, his total urine output has been 50 ml. Which physician order should the nurse question? A. Add 40 mEq potassium chloride to an infusion of half normal saline solution and infuse at a rate of 10 mEq/hour. B. Change the second IV solution to dextrose 5% in water. C. Hold insulin infusion for 30 minutes. D. Infuse 500 ml of normal saline solution over 1 hour.

B Change the second IV solution to dextrose 5% in water.

A client has been diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. What assessment finding does the nurse expect? A. Increased PCO2 above 45 mm/Hg (5.99 kPa) B. Decreased pH below 7.35 C. Increased pH above 7.45 D. Decreased PCO2 below 35 mm/Hg (4.66 kPa)

B. Decreased pH below 7.35

A client has a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min. What effect does breathing faster have on arterial pH level? A. pH stays the same B. arterial pH increases C. arterial pH decreases

B. increases arterial pH

Examination of a client's bladder stones reveals that they are primarily composed of uric acid. The nurse would expect to provide the client with which type of diet? A. high calcium B. low purine C. high protein D. high sodium

B. low purine

A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values suggest which disorder? A. respiratory acidosis B. metabolic acidosis C. respiratory alkalosis D. metabolic alkalosis

B. metabolic acidosis

A client is admitted to the psychiatric clinic for treatment of anorexia nervosa. At the beginning of the client's hospitalization, the most important nursing action is to: A. instruct the client to keep an accurate record of food and fluid intake. B. monitor the client's vital signs, serum electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance. C. weigh the client daily, after the evening meal. D. severely restrict the client's physical activities.

B. monitor the client's vital signs, serum electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance.

A client is admitted to the health care center with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The medical reports indicate a history of type 1 diabetes. The nurse suspects the client's symptoms to be those of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which action will help the nurse confirm the diagnosis? A. Assess the client's ability to take a deep breath B. Assess the client's ability to move all extremities C. Assess the client's breath odor D. Assess for excessive sweating

C. Assess the client's breath odor

A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance? A. Metabolic acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Respiratory acidosis

C. Metabolic alkalosis

A client experiences burning muscle pain at the peak of high intensity physical training for an athletic competition. What is the best explanation for the cause of this occurrence? A. Acetyl-CoA begins the reactions in the citric acid cycle to release carbon dioxide. B. Fatty acids go through the beta-oxidation process to release energy. C. Mitochondria cause oxidation of electrons to create a net increase of ATP. D. Anaerobic glycolysis creates pyruvate, which converts to lactic acid.

D. Anaerobic glycolysis creates pyruvate, which converts to lactic acid.

To confirm an acid-base imbalance, it is necessary to assess which findings from a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results?

pH, PaCO2, HCO3