Activity 4.1.1: Bones, Joints, Action!

Ball and Socket Joint

an articulation (as a hip joint) in which the rounded head of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity of the other and admits movement in any direction

Condyloid Joint

an oval-shaped structure of one bone fits into a cavity of another bone.

Describe at least three distinguishing features of synovial joints.

articular cartilage; synovial cavity; articular capsule; synovial fluid; reinfrcing ligaments; rich nerve and blood vessel supply

Pivot Joint Example

axis and atlas

Hinge Joint Example

elbows and knees

Hyaline Cartilage

translucent bluish white cartilage consisting of cells embedded in an apparently homogeneous matrix, present in joints and respiratory passages, and forming most of the fetal skeleton

Saddle Joint

type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation

Describe the function of this fluid

Your body uses water in all its cells, organs, and tissues to help regulate its temperature and maintain other bodily functions. Because your body loses water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it's important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water.

Synovial Joints Contain

a capsule, small amount of lubricating synovial fluid, articular cartilage covers the articulating surfaces

Pivot Joint

a clindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed by another

Synovial Joint

a fully moveable joint in which the synovial (joint) cavity is present between the two articulating bones

Cartilage

a usually translucent somewhat elastic tissue that composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos and except for a small number of structures (as some joints, respiratory passages, and the external ear) is replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates

Tendons

a white fibrous cord of dense regular connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Saddle Joint Motion

allow back and forth, side to side, and some pivotal movements

Plane Joint

allows only gliding movement. (foot;tarsals)

Condyloid Joint Example

between metacarpals and phalanges

Saddle Joint Example

carpal and metacarpal of the thumb

Ligaments

dense regular connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

Ball and Socket Joint Example

hips and shoulders

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces

Synovial Fluid

secretion of synovial membranes that lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage

What type of joint is the hip joint? Describe the types of movements this joint can perform.

the hip joint is a ball and socket joint. Ball and socket joints allow a high degree of motion. This hip joint can allow for motion forward and backwards as well as in a circular direction.

Joints

the point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton whether movable or rigidly fixed together with the surrounding and supporting parts (as membranes, tendons, or ligaments)

Range of Motion

the range through which a joint can be moved

Condyloid Joint Motion

back and forth, and circular movements

Hinge Joint

joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

Pivot Joint Motion

movement is limited around a central axis

Hinge Joint Motion

permits back and forth movements

Types of Synovial

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

Plane Joint Example

Acromioclavicular joint or the joint between the clavicle and scapula

Describe the structure and function of connective tissue

Blood, a fluid connective tissue, provides a transport system within our body for oxygen and other important substances. Cartilage provides strong support and connection for our skeletal framework. And the function of bones is to support and protect soft tissues and organs in our body.

Ball and Socket Joint Motion

Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction, multiaxial

Plane Joint Motion

Gliding and sliding movement, Uniaxial

Describe how tendons and ligaments are similar and how they are different

Tendons connect muscle to bone. ... Though similar to tendons, ligaments connect bone to bone and help to stabilize joints they surround. They are composed mostly of long, stringy collagen fibers that create bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue.