Activity 4.1.1: Bones, Joints, Action!
Ball and Socket Joint
an articulation (as a hip joint) in which the rounded head of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity of the other and admits movement in any direction
Condyloid Joint
an oval-shaped structure of one bone fits into a cavity of another bone.
Describe at least three distinguishing features of synovial joints.
articular cartilage; synovial cavity; articular capsule; synovial fluid; reinfrcing ligaments; rich nerve and blood vessel supply
Pivot Joint Example
axis and atlas
Hinge Joint Example
elbows and knees
Hyaline Cartilage
translucent bluish white cartilage consisting of cells embedded in an apparently homogeneous matrix, present in joints and respiratory passages, and forming most of the fetal skeleton
Saddle Joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
Describe the function of this fluid
Your body uses water in all its cells, organs, and tissues to help regulate its temperature and maintain other bodily functions. Because your body loses water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it's important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water.
Synovial Joints Contain
a capsule, small amount of lubricating synovial fluid, articular cartilage covers the articulating surfaces
Pivot Joint
a clindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed by another
Synovial Joint
a fully moveable joint in which the synovial (joint) cavity is present between the two articulating bones
Cartilage
a usually translucent somewhat elastic tissue that composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos and except for a small number of structures (as some joints, respiratory passages, and the external ear) is replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates
Tendons
a white fibrous cord of dense regular connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Saddle Joint Motion
allow back and forth, side to side, and some pivotal movements
Plane Joint
allows only gliding movement. (foot;tarsals)
Condyloid Joint Example
between metacarpals and phalanges
Saddle Joint Example
carpal and metacarpal of the thumb
Ligaments
dense regular connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
Ball and Socket Joint Example
hips and shoulders
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces
Synovial Fluid
secretion of synovial membranes that lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage
What type of joint is the hip joint? Describe the types of movements this joint can perform.
the hip joint is a ball and socket joint. Ball and socket joints allow a high degree of motion. This hip joint can allow for motion forward and backwards as well as in a circular direction.
Joints
the point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton whether movable or rigidly fixed together with the surrounding and supporting parts (as membranes, tendons, or ligaments)
Range of Motion
the range through which a joint can be moved
Condyloid Joint Motion
back and forth, and circular movements
Hinge Joint
joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane
Pivot Joint Motion
movement is limited around a central axis
Hinge Joint Motion
permits back and forth movements
Types of Synovial
plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket
Plane Joint Example
Acromioclavicular joint or the joint between the clavicle and scapula
Describe the structure and function of connective tissue
Blood, a fluid connective tissue, provides a transport system within our body for oxygen and other important substances. Cartilage provides strong support and connection for our skeletal framework. And the function of bones is to support and protect soft tissues and organs in our body.
Ball and Socket Joint Motion
Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction, multiaxial
Plane Joint Motion
Gliding and sliding movement, Uniaxial
Describe how tendons and ligaments are similar and how they are different
Tendons connect muscle to bone. ... Though similar to tendons, ligaments connect bone to bone and help to stabilize joints they surround. They are composed mostly of long, stringy collagen fibers that create bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue.