Advanced Computer Science Chapter 9

Factors affecting the success of the IT industry include: _______.

Population growth and business globalization

The first mass-produced mechanical calculator was the ________.

de Colmar's Arithmometer

Jimmy was told the Internet had become an important tool for job hunters. Jimmy is wondering about the amount of his job-hunting time he should spend online. You tell him it is best to spend approximately _________ of his total time online.

50%

By the mid-1990s, IBM-compatible computer systems accounted for more than _______ percent of all personal computers sales.

90

Microsoft's share of the total personal computer operating system market is about ______.

90%

The first phase of testing generally carried out by the software publisher's in-house test team is called ______.

Alpha testing

_______ set another hardware milestone when it introduced the iPad in 2010.

Apple

John is interested in advancement opportunities when he graduates. Connie should advise him that it would be best to get at least a(n) ______ degree.

Bachelor's

A set of software tests conducted by a team of off-site testers is called _______.

Beta testing

After Microsoft's share of the total personal computer operating system market, the remaining share is taken up by ______.

Both a and b

The electronic device used to decode messages encrypted by the Germans was the _______.

COLOSSUS

Most IT departments are headed by a _______.

Chief information officer

The ______ Act makes it a criminal offense to knowingly access a computer without authorization.

Computer Fraud and Abuse

A person who designs, codes, and tests computer programs is a ______.

Computer programmer

______ specialize in the sale and support of microcomputer software and hardware.

Computer retail stores

John thinks he would like to focus his studies on programming computers. He is not interested in the hardware as aspects. Connie should tell him he needs to major in ______.

Computer science

The first commercially successful minicomputer was the _______.

DEC PDP-8

Advantages of telecommuting include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Data security

Susan asks which act she should investigate that makes it illegal to circumvent copy-protection technologies. What do you tell her?

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

The general-purpose electronic computer designed to calculate trajectory tables for the U.S. Army was ______.

ENIAC

The ______ Act extends telephone wiretap laws by restricting government agents and unauthorized third parties from tapping into data transmissions without a search warrant.

Electronic Communications Privacy

Careers in computer ______ focus on the design of computer hardware.

Engineering

Susan is a teacher and is concerned about her use of copyrighted materials. You suggest she look at the _____.

Fair Use Doctrine

A computer certification will totally prepare a person for a job in the IT industry.

False

All dot-com companies are universally considered part of the IT industry.

False

All major companies in the IT industry are headquartered in Silicon Valley.

False

Assembly language and machine language are the same.

False

High-level languages were developed for first-generation computers.

False

In IT, job titles are standardized.

False

In the United States, the IT industry is fully regulated by the FCC.

False

Industry observers expect the number of telecommuting IT workers to decrease over the next decade.

False

It is less expensive to replace software with brand new software than to purchase an upgrade.

False

Laws and ethics are really just different words for the same concept.

False

In 1947, it was estimated that there would only be a need for 100 electronic computers to satisfy the computing needs of the entire United States.

False; 6

A(n) LCD generates x-rays which are considered harmful.

False; CRT

When using a computer, the proper position for your back is leaning FORWARD slightly.

False; back

The product DESIGN stage of the life cycle of a new hardware product often takes place under wraps.

False; development

A computer TECHNICIAN designs and tests new hardware products.

False; engineer

Relocating business process, such as development and production, to lower-cost locations is called PRIVATIZING.

False; offshoring

A tool used for making calculations that was considered essential for engineering and science students through the 1960s is a(n) ABACUS.

False; slide rule

Computers characterized by their use of vacuum tubes were considered __________-generation.

First

Computers characterized by their use of microprocessors are _________-generation.

Fourth

IBM created a computer that integrated 73 IBM Automatic Accounting Machines into a single unified computing unit called the _______.

Harvard Mark I

All of the following are essential for secure business data transmitted over the Internet EXCEPT _______.

High-speed connections

The ______ Act establishes an agency to monitor threats to the communication infrastructure.

Homeland Security

The U.S. Census Bureau held a competition to find a way to tabulate the 1890 census. The Hollerith Tabulating Machine won. The company is now known as _______.

IBM

_______ degrees focus on applying computers to business problems.

Information systems

John is also interested in the application of computers to business processes. If he wants to focus on computer equipment and software used by businesses and organizations, Connie should advise him to major in _______.

Information technology

______ degrees focus on the computer equipment and software used by businesses.

Information technology

You tell Jimmy that the elements of an effective resume include _______.

It should be easy to read

You advise Jimmy that one of the problems for job hunters using the Internet is ______.

Job titles are nonstandard

Worldwide, Hewlett-Packard and ______ lead the pack, each with close to 15% market share.

Lenovo

The first commercial microcomputer was the ________.

MITS Altair

_____ is a special type of retailing in which a vendor takes orders by phone or from an Internet site, and then ships the product to consumers.

Mail order

According to the text, a narrow definition of the term "computer industry" would be those companies that _______.

Manufacture computers and computer components

______ refers to hardware manufacturers that sell their products directly consumers.

Manufacturer direct

A calculator that implements instructions autonomously is a(n) ________.

Mechanical calculator

When looking for a job, a ______ allows you to automate the search process across many sites.

Metasearch tool

A device consisting of several rods divided into ten squares, each labeled with two numbers, with the rods positioned according to the numbers in the calculation, is a(n) _______.

Napier's Bones

To get maximum exposure for your resume in an online job database, you should focus on ______.

Nouns

The first IBM PCs used ______ as an operating system.

PC-DOS

Careers in computer ________ focus on computer architecture and programming computers to make them work effectively and efficiently.

Science

Computers characterized by their use of transistors are considered _________-generation.

Second

The birth of the software industry was a result of high-level languages developed for _______-generation computers.

Second

A(n) ______ investigates the requirements of a business or organization, its employees, and its customers in order to plan and implement new or improved customer service.

Systems analyst

By 2000, one of the few remaining minicomputers was the IBM AS/400.

True

CONFIDENTIALITY is the obligation not to disclose willingly any information that should be kept private.

True

CONTRACT workers can be added to company staff when needed, instead of hiring full-time workers who might later be laid off if the company is forced to downsize.

True

Current processor technology requires very large scale integration (VLSI) that packs millions of components on a single chip.

True

First-generation computers used vacuum tube technology.

True

First-generation computers were characterized by custom application programs.

True

In the MAINTENANCE stage of the hardware product life cycle, as supply and demand for product reach an equilibrium, the manufacturer might reduce the price to keep the product attractive to buyers.

True

RFID chips embedded in ID badges can be used to keep tract of employees' locations in an office or manufacturing facility.

True

Second-generation computers were characterized by their use of operating systems.

True

Security specialists install and configure antivirus and FIREWALLS.

True

Some job hunting experts advise IT job seekers to spend no more than 50% of their total job hunting efforts online.

True

Some of the first microcomputers required assembly by the user.

True

Sometimes a software publisher releases a(n) BETA version of the software to individuals and companies in the general public to expose the software to the widest possible variety of computers and operating environments.

True

The Difference Engine was a calculator that operated using STEAM POWER.

True

The computer industry encompasses those companies that manufacture computers and computer components.

True

The end of the dot-com bubble meant a decline in the IT sector job openings.

True

To combat potential health hazards associated with computer use, you should try to take breaks every 20 minutes.

True

To reduce cell phone radiation, you should use hands-free devices.

True

A vacuum tube can have _______ state(s).

Two

The first commercially successful digital computer was the ______.

UNIVAC

The _______ Act enhances the authority of law enforcement agents to prevent various terrorist acts such as monitoring electronic communication without a warrant.

USA Patriot

Susan wants to known which act extends copyright protection to all original works. You suggest she investigate the ______.

United States Copyright Act

A _____ combines commercially available products with specialty hardware or software.

VAR

A hypertext version of your resume is called a ______.

Web portfolio

Worldwide, consumers spend more than $_____ on information technology each year.

1 trillion

Punched cards were used in ________.

1970s mainframes

The first electronic computer to use vacuum tubes instead of switches was the _______.

ABC

The type of manual calculator first used in ancient Rome, Greece, India, China, and Japan is called a(n) _____.

Abacus

A step-by-step process by which numbers are manipulated is a(n) _______.

Algorithm

The following are marketing channels for computer hardware and software: ______.

All of the above

______ are a segment of the IT industry.

All of the above

When sending a resume by email, the resumes should be in _______ format.

All of the above are popular formats

An experimental device that typically must be further developed and perfected before going into production is called a(n) ________.

Prototype

A person who creates documentation for large programming projects is a ______.

Technical writer

A manufacturing _______ participates in the fabrication of computer chips, circuit boards, system units, or peripheral devices.

Technician