Advanced Computer Science Chapter 9
Factors affecting the success of the IT industry include: _______.
Population growth and business globalization
The first mass-produced mechanical calculator was the ________.
de Colmar's Arithmometer
Jimmy was told the Internet had become an important tool for job hunters. Jimmy is wondering about the amount of his job-hunting time he should spend online. You tell him it is best to spend approximately _________ of his total time online.
50%
By the mid-1990s, IBM-compatible computer systems accounted for more than _______ percent of all personal computers sales.
90
Microsoft's share of the total personal computer operating system market is about ______.
90%
The first phase of testing generally carried out by the software publisher's in-house test team is called ______.
Alpha testing
_______ set another hardware milestone when it introduced the iPad in 2010.
Apple
John is interested in advancement opportunities when he graduates. Connie should advise him that it would be best to get at least a(n) ______ degree.
Bachelor's
A set of software tests conducted by a team of off-site testers is called _______.
Beta testing
After Microsoft's share of the total personal computer operating system market, the remaining share is taken up by ______.
Both a and b
The electronic device used to decode messages encrypted by the Germans was the _______.
COLOSSUS
Most IT departments are headed by a _______.
Chief information officer
The ______ Act makes it a criminal offense to knowingly access a computer without authorization.
Computer Fraud and Abuse
A person who designs, codes, and tests computer programs is a ______.
Computer programmer
______ specialize in the sale and support of microcomputer software and hardware.
Computer retail stores
John thinks he would like to focus his studies on programming computers. He is not interested in the hardware as aspects. Connie should tell him he needs to major in ______.
Computer science
The first commercially successful minicomputer was the _______.
DEC PDP-8
Advantages of telecommuting include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
Data security
Susan asks which act she should investigate that makes it illegal to circumvent copy-protection technologies. What do you tell her?
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
The general-purpose electronic computer designed to calculate trajectory tables for the U.S. Army was ______.
ENIAC
The ______ Act extends telephone wiretap laws by restricting government agents and unauthorized third parties from tapping into data transmissions without a search warrant.
Electronic Communications Privacy
Careers in computer ______ focus on the design of computer hardware.
Engineering
Susan is a teacher and is concerned about her use of copyrighted materials. You suggest she look at the _____.
Fair Use Doctrine
A computer certification will totally prepare a person for a job in the IT industry.
False
All dot-com companies are universally considered part of the IT industry.
False
All major companies in the IT industry are headquartered in Silicon Valley.
False
Assembly language and machine language are the same.
False
High-level languages were developed for first-generation computers.
False
In IT, job titles are standardized.
False
In the United States, the IT industry is fully regulated by the FCC.
False
Industry observers expect the number of telecommuting IT workers to decrease over the next decade.
False
It is less expensive to replace software with brand new software than to purchase an upgrade.
False
Laws and ethics are really just different words for the same concept.
False
In 1947, it was estimated that there would only be a need for 100 electronic computers to satisfy the computing needs of the entire United States.
False; 6
A(n) LCD generates x-rays which are considered harmful.
False; CRT
When using a computer, the proper position for your back is leaning FORWARD slightly.
False; back
The product DESIGN stage of the life cycle of a new hardware product often takes place under wraps.
False; development
A computer TECHNICIAN designs and tests new hardware products.
False; engineer
Relocating business process, such as development and production, to lower-cost locations is called PRIVATIZING.
False; offshoring
A tool used for making calculations that was considered essential for engineering and science students through the 1960s is a(n) ABACUS.
False; slide rule
Computers characterized by their use of vacuum tubes were considered __________-generation.
First
Computers characterized by their use of microprocessors are _________-generation.
Fourth
IBM created a computer that integrated 73 IBM Automatic Accounting Machines into a single unified computing unit called the _______.
Harvard Mark I
All of the following are essential for secure business data transmitted over the Internet EXCEPT _______.
High-speed connections
The ______ Act establishes an agency to monitor threats to the communication infrastructure.
Homeland Security
The U.S. Census Bureau held a competition to find a way to tabulate the 1890 census. The Hollerith Tabulating Machine won. The company is now known as _______.
IBM
_______ degrees focus on applying computers to business problems.
Information systems
John is also interested in the application of computers to business processes. If he wants to focus on computer equipment and software used by businesses and organizations, Connie should advise him to major in _______.
Information technology
______ degrees focus on the computer equipment and software used by businesses.
Information technology
You tell Jimmy that the elements of an effective resume include _______.
It should be easy to read
You advise Jimmy that one of the problems for job hunters using the Internet is ______.
Job titles are nonstandard
Worldwide, Hewlett-Packard and ______ lead the pack, each with close to 15% market share.
Lenovo
The first commercial microcomputer was the ________.
MITS Altair
_____ is a special type of retailing in which a vendor takes orders by phone or from an Internet site, and then ships the product to consumers.
Mail order
According to the text, a narrow definition of the term "computer industry" would be those companies that _______.
Manufacture computers and computer components
______ refers to hardware manufacturers that sell their products directly consumers.
Manufacturer direct
A calculator that implements instructions autonomously is a(n) ________.
Mechanical calculator
When looking for a job, a ______ allows you to automate the search process across many sites.
Metasearch tool
A device consisting of several rods divided into ten squares, each labeled with two numbers, with the rods positioned according to the numbers in the calculation, is a(n) _______.
Napier's Bones
To get maximum exposure for your resume in an online job database, you should focus on ______.
Nouns
The first IBM PCs used ______ as an operating system.
PC-DOS
Careers in computer ________ focus on computer architecture and programming computers to make them work effectively and efficiently.
Science
Computers characterized by their use of transistors are considered _________-generation.
Second
The birth of the software industry was a result of high-level languages developed for _______-generation computers.
Second
A(n) ______ investigates the requirements of a business or organization, its employees, and its customers in order to plan and implement new or improved customer service.
Systems analyst
By 2000, one of the few remaining minicomputers was the IBM AS/400.
True
CONFIDENTIALITY is the obligation not to disclose willingly any information that should be kept private.
True
CONTRACT workers can be added to company staff when needed, instead of hiring full-time workers who might later be laid off if the company is forced to downsize.
True
Current processor technology requires very large scale integration (VLSI) that packs millions of components on a single chip.
True
First-generation computers used vacuum tube technology.
True
First-generation computers were characterized by custom application programs.
True
In the MAINTENANCE stage of the hardware product life cycle, as supply and demand for product reach an equilibrium, the manufacturer might reduce the price to keep the product attractive to buyers.
True
RFID chips embedded in ID badges can be used to keep tract of employees' locations in an office or manufacturing facility.
True
Second-generation computers were characterized by their use of operating systems.
True
Security specialists install and configure antivirus and FIREWALLS.
True
Some job hunting experts advise IT job seekers to spend no more than 50% of their total job hunting efforts online.
True
Some of the first microcomputers required assembly by the user.
True
Sometimes a software publisher releases a(n) BETA version of the software to individuals and companies in the general public to expose the software to the widest possible variety of computers and operating environments.
True
The Difference Engine was a calculator that operated using STEAM POWER.
True
The computer industry encompasses those companies that manufacture computers and computer components.
True
The end of the dot-com bubble meant a decline in the IT sector job openings.
True
To combat potential health hazards associated with computer use, you should try to take breaks every 20 minutes.
True
To reduce cell phone radiation, you should use hands-free devices.
True
A vacuum tube can have _______ state(s).
Two
The first commercially successful digital computer was the ______.
UNIVAC
The _______ Act enhances the authority of law enforcement agents to prevent various terrorist acts such as monitoring electronic communication without a warrant.
USA Patriot
Susan wants to known which act extends copyright protection to all original works. You suggest she investigate the ______.
United States Copyright Act
A _____ combines commercially available products with specialty hardware or software.
VAR
A hypertext version of your resume is called a ______.
Web portfolio
Worldwide, consumers spend more than $_____ on information technology each year.
1 trillion
Punched cards were used in ________.
1970s mainframes
The first electronic computer to use vacuum tubes instead of switches was the _______.
ABC
The type of manual calculator first used in ancient Rome, Greece, India, China, and Japan is called a(n) _____.
Abacus
A step-by-step process by which numbers are manipulated is a(n) _______.
Algorithm
The following are marketing channels for computer hardware and software: ______.
All of the above
______ are a segment of the IT industry.
All of the above
When sending a resume by email, the resumes should be in _______ format.
All of the above are popular formats
An experimental device that typically must be further developed and perfected before going into production is called a(n) ________.
Prototype
A person who creates documentation for large programming projects is a ______.
Technical writer
A manufacturing _______ participates in the fabrication of computer chips, circuit boards, system units, or peripheral devices.
Technician