African American Studies Final Exam Study Guide

After 1750, vaccinations helped reduce the incidence of __________ on board slavers.

Smallpox

What was the largest of the empires in western Sudan?

Songhai

__________ was the first European nation to actively colonize the Americas.

Spain

Georgia was founded, in part, to serve as a buffer between South Carolina and __________.

Spanish Florida

What played the largest role in the decline of Kush?

Ethiopia

What disease was known to slave crews as "bloody flux"?

dysentery

In what century did the English become the dominant power in the Atlantic slave trade?

18th Century

During the colonial period, about _______ percent of southern female slaves were field workers.

60

The major early roots of African-American culture lay in the civilizations that emerged in __________.

Ancient West Africa

In West Africa, __________ conducted the Islamic slave trade.

Sudanese Horsemen

. Rice cultivation encouraged the development of the __________ system in the low country.

Task

Historian Eric Williams has argued that __________.

That the declining economies of the British West Indies led to the abolition of the slave trade and of slavery.

Maroon communities were made up of __________.

Escaped slaves, most durable communities in Spanish colony of Florida because they offered refuge for slaves escaping British colonies.

In the early 1400s, the __________ began to explore the coastline of Africa.

Europeans

Once captured Africans reached the coast, they were taken to fortified structures called __________.

Factories

The preservation of __________ created the foundation for African-American culture.

West African extended family

Which of the following was true of the low country by 1740? to Catholicism.

The Carolina low country had 40,000 slaves, who constituted 90% of the population in the region around Charleston.

Mali was_______than Ghana.

Larger

What was Meroe renown for in terms of African civilizations.

Capital of Kushites

What was the earliest civilization in Africa?

Ancient Egypt

Beginning in the __________, historical records in Virginia suggest a tendency to view African Americans as slaves.

1640s

The Sahel is a(n) __________.

A huge grassland,or savannah(a flat,nearly treeless grasssland)

Settled village life was the result of the emergence of __________.

Argriculture

1.Africa is bounded by the __________ to the west.

Atlantic Ocean

The peoples of the forest region were particularly important in African-American history because they played a large role in ________.

Atlantic Slave Trade

What was the first Christian state in sub-Saharan Africa?

Axum

Most of the British settlers who settled in Charleston in 1670 came from __________.

Barbados, a sugar-producing island in the West Indies rather then from England.

In 1487 __________ discovered the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa.

Bartholomeu Dias

African styles of architecture were most common in __________.

Coastal South Carolina

Tabby was used in _________.

Concrete

What contributed the most to the high mortality rates among slaves making the crossing to the Americas?

Diseases

In the late twentieth century, Afrocentricists regarded ancient __________ as an essentially black civilization.

Egypt

The term miscegenation refers to _________.

Interracial sexual contact.

Under chattel slavery, enslaved African Americans were the legal equivalents of __________.

Livestock

The term homo sapiens refers to __________.

Modern Humans

Ancient Egyptian society was profoundly shaped by the __________.

Nile River

Which of the following helps explain why slavery was less extensive in the northern colonies than the southern colonies?

Organized religion played a much more important role in the foundation of most of the northern colonies than it did in those of the south; religious utopianism shaped colonial life. ex) Quakers emphasized nonviolence/divine spirit within all humans making Quakers one of the early opponents of slavery.

Anthony Johnson __________.

Was given freedom,married and acquired land,livestock,and slaves of different ethnicities.

Miscegenation resulted in a(n) __________.

Physical and cultural change

What best characterizes the power and status of women in ancient Egypt?

Property owners,overseas,priests,business owners.

Most southern slaves used technologies closely associated with __________.

Raising and processing crops for distant markets

The Nubians established an independent kingdom known as __________.

Republic of Sedan

Low-country plantations focused on the cultivation of __________.

Rice

John Newton began his involvement in the Atlantic slave trade as a(n) __________.

Slave Trader

Which of the following was stipulated by slave codes passed in the Chesapeake between 1660 and 1710?.

Slave codes enacted between 1660 and 1720 further defined American slavery as an system that sought as much to control persons of African descent as to exploit their labor.

Which of the following best explains the growth in the slave population in the low country before 1750?

The first British settlers who arrived in Charleston had came from Barbados; many of them had been slaveholders already and brought their slaves with them. By the early 18th century, more Africans had arrived than white people. Carolina also became the center for Indian slave trade.

__________ established England's claim to the east coast of North America.

The voyage of John Cabot in 1497

Before the late eighteenth century, slaves' goal in resisting was to _________.

Their masters

Which of the following helps explain why the 32 people of African descent who arrived in Jamestown in the early seventeenth century were not considered slaves?

They were thought to already have been there,English had no law for slavery.

Why did sailors on slavers string up nets on the sides of the ship?

This was designed to catch anyone who tried to escape by jumping overboard.

How long did a typical crossing from Africa to the Americas take?

Three Months

What was the main reason colonial assemblies banned interracial marriages?

To keep white women from bearing mulatto children. They feared that having free white mothers might allow persons of mixed race to sue and gain their freedom, creating a legally recognized free mixed-race class. This would blur the distinction between dominated and subordinated races and weaken the white supremacy.

Growing demand for __________ led to the expansion of the slave labor system in the Chesapeake.

Tobacco

Which of the following turned Jamestown into a profitable enterprise?

Tobacco

Which of the following prevented widespread conversion of slaves to Christianity before the 1730s?

Two factors had prevented widespread black conversion. First, most masters feared that converted slaves would interpret their new religious status as a step toward freedom and equality. Second, many slaves remained devoted to their ancestral religions that Christianity did not attract them.

The term habilis means __________.

Using Tools

Where did the majority of slaves in British North America live in 1750?

Virginia and Maryland

Indentured servants who worked on Chesapeake tobacco plantations sold their freedom for a number of years in exchange for __________.

Voyage to North America

Before 1750, nearly all slaves were __________.

Working on fields (both men and women).