African Review Chapter 4 P2

1. What is Direct Rule? 2. Which countries used this ruling?

1. When a country takes over another country and doesnt give any power to its people 2. France, Portugal, Germany, Belgium

When did a few European thinkers began to think about human rights and opposed slavery?

1700's

Who were the Boers?

Dutch Settlers in South Africa

Which African country was able to with stand the European advances of weapons and other technologies?

Ethiopia

What method did Europeans use to rule their colonies?

Indirect and Direct ruling

What happened to the the Africans when slavery was abolished?

Many Africans came back to where they or their ancestors had been born

Why did the Europeans use African slaves for labor in the Caribbean and Central America?

The Europeans used Africans because they thought that they could survive the tropical climates of the Caribbean and Central America.

What were the political causes for controlling Africa?

-Competition for global control -Nationalism

What economic changes did European rule bring to Africa?

-Exploited the resources of Africa to make money -set up plantations for cash crops -Europeans introduced the money economy to the Africans expect them to pay taxes in cash instead of goods ( the Europeans transitioned the Africans from the barter economy to the money economy)

What material improvement did Europeans introduce?

-New system of transportation & communication -Hospitals and Doctors improved with better health care -towns and cities improved sanitation and water systems helped people like healthier

What were the causes of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

-Plantation Economy -Satisfy Labor Shortage -Source of Cheap Labor -Cash Crop

Which countries controlled the Atlantic Slave Trade?

-Portugal -Spain -Independent Traders/African Kingdoms -British -French -Dutch Empire -United States

What were the economic causes for controlling Africa?

-Raw Materials: Such as: Lumber, rubber, Iron, Coal, Agricultural goods, Oil, Cotton, Ivory, Rare Hard-Wood -Source of Cheap Labor -Looked at African societies as a possible market to sell goods by European factories

What were the religious causes of controlling Africa?

-Spread of Christianity -The Europeans believed that missionaries would be easier to control

What did many Europeans and Americans believe they were to the Africans?

-They believed that the Africans as inferior humans -showed "scientific proof" of racial difference -racism was used to justify to treating the Africans like property

1. What was the network system called that took Africans as slaves? 2. When did this system form? 3. Which countries were linked with this system?

1. Atlantic Slave Trade or Triangle Slave Trade 2. 1600's 3. Africa, Europe, and the Americas

When the Boers seized the lands of the Zulus, the fighting lasted for decades. 1. Who joined the the Boers that helped end the long battle? 2. What did they use to help win against the Zulus?

1. Britain 2. The Maxim gun ( the advancement of weapons was a key way to win battles for the Europeans)

1. What battle did the Ethiopians win against the European country and when? 2.Who were they against?

1. In 1896, the battle of Adowa 2. Italians

1. Which African leader saw the misery of the slave trades? 2. Who did he try to negotiate with?

1. King Affonso, a Christian African ruler 2. With the Portuguese but failed

What two innovations helped Europeans in Africa?

1. Medical Knowledge (helped cure diseases such as malaria and yellow fever) 2. Development of the Maxim Gun

Many free blacks struggled against slavery and exposed the evils of the system. Name two free blacks that struggled against the system (from the chapter readings).

1. Olaudah Equiano 2. Frederick Douglass

1. What disease was spread that helped Europeans win battles against the Africans? 2. When did this disease spread?

1. Rinderpest, a cattle disease was spread, causing many cattle to die and leaving many Africans hungry, and many Africans were too weak to fight 2. This disease was spread accidentally by the Europeans in the 1800's

1. Which two republics did the Boers set up? 2. When did they set it up? 3. Who's land did the Boers seize when they set up the two republics?

1. The Orange Free State & Transvaal 2. In the 1950's 3. The Boers seized the lands in which the Zulus have recently conquered

1. What is the Berlin Conference? 2. When was the Berlin Conference and where was it held? 3. How many countries where there? 4. Who was not invited to the conference?

1. The conference was about making decisions on dividing Africa 2. in 1884, in Berlin, Germany 3. 14 European Countries 4. No African leaders were invited to the meeting

When Europeans settled in the Americas. 1. Which group of people did they use for labor and what labor did they do? 2. What was the result of making that group of people to do the labor for the Europeans?

1. They first used Native Americans to mine gold/silver and to work in their plantations 2. Many died

1.What is Indirect Rule? 2. Which country practiced this rule?

1. When another country takes over another country but give some power and keep some customs 2. Britain

How did technology help Europeans divide Africa?

Because of advanced weapons, it helped the Europeans win against different African groups and helped get a better control over them

How did European rule affect African cultures?

Because of the money economy, African men had to leave their homes to work on farms or mines in order to pay taxes

What groups fought for control of Southern Africa?

Boers, Zulus, and the British

Which countries controlled Africa?

Britain, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, France

Why did Europeans carve up Africa into colonies?

Europeans carved up Africa into colonies by their economic, political, and religious motives.

What was Sierra Leone/ who was it set up by and when? What was Liberia/ who was it set up by?

In 1787, the British set up a colony in West Africa for freed slaves called Sierra. Free black slaves from the United States organized Liberia.

When did Britain outlaw the slave trade?

In 1833

What did the African diaspora do?

It spread ideas, customs, and beliefs of African people to other regions of the world, as well as musical traditions, proverbs, foods, religious beliefs, and artistic styles

Who spoke against slavery? What was the result?

Many people in Europe spoke against slavery but failed

Which religious group were strong supporters of abolition?

Quakers

How did Africans resist the European imperialism?

The Africans used military power.

Which two countries were having a power struggle in Southern Africa?

The British and the Boers

How was Ethiopia able to withstand the European advancements?

The Ethiopian emperor, Menelik II, hired Europeans to train and arm his forces

How did Africans resist Europeans imperialism?

They fought against them (resistance wars)