AMERICAN GOVERNMENT: L8 Slavery, States' Rights, and Segregation

Why did civil rights leaders seek to desegregate schools?

Civil rights leaders believed that education would provide African American students with a better future.

In the Fourteenth Amendment, the __________ Clause declares that no state shall deny any person within its jurisdiction safety and security under the laws of the United States of America.

Equal Protection

What was the significance of the Thirteenth Amendment?

It banned slavery in the United States.

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments are commonly referred to as the "__________ Amendments."

Reconstruction

outlawed slavery in all parts of the United States

Thirteenth Amendment

The campaign against the Affordable Care Act was justified using the idea of __________.

states' rights

In which case did the Supreme Court decide in favor of states' rights regarding separate facilities for different ethnicities?

Plessy v. Ferguson

Why was Thurgood Marshall denied entrance into the University of Maryland School of Law?

The school was racially segregated.

One way that African Americans promoted civil rights was through __________.

education

What practice hindered the education of African Americans?

segregation

John C. Calhoun is generally credited with coining the phrase "__________" in his arguments against the federal government interfering with the practice of slavery in the South.

states' rights

What impact did Brown v. Board have on segregation in the United States?

Brown v. Board was a step toward fully integrating government institutions in the United States.

ensured the right to vote to all male citizens of the United States, regardless of race, color, or prior servitude

Fifteenth Amendment

made all people citizens who are born or naturalized in the United States, regardless of prior servitude or slavery in their ancestry

Fourteenth Amendment

Why is John C. Calhoun generally credited with coining the phrase "states' rights"?

He argued against federal interference with southern slavery.

In what way did Plessy v. Ferguson promote the violation of individual rights and freedoms?

States began enacting more exclusion laws., Businesses began to serve based on ethnicity.

Which points did Chief Justice Roger B. Taney use to justify the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case?

The Property Clause of the Constitution, the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment, and the fact that African Americans were not citizens.

What was the impact of Plessy v. Fergusson on states' rights?

The case upheld a state's right to enact legislation to separate people based on ethnicity.

Who was the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court?

Thurgood Marshall

Protests against the enforcement of segregation laws eventually led to the __________ movement in the middle of the 20th century.

civil rights

During the Nullification Crisis, Calhoun argued that states can nullify federal laws they deem constitutional.

false

Understanding the give and take between the states and federal government is key to understanding the American idea of __________.

federalism

Indentured servitude had been adopted and adapted from the Roman practice of attaching servants to a(n) __________.

latifundium

In what ways did African Americans protest racial discrimination after World War II?

protesting, sit-ins, boycotts

Many slave owners argued that the First Amendment allowed them to own slaves because it was part of their __________.

religious beliefs

In Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court held that __________.

separate facilities for African Americans did not violate the Fourteenth or Fifteenth Amendments

Labor unions and activists have used the Thirteenth Amendment to argue for__________.

shorter workdays, better treatment by companies, safer working conditions

The Thirteenth Amendment made human __________ illegal as well as unconstitutional in the United States.

slavery

In the Declaration of Independence, the foundation of states' rights is found in the phrase, "__________."

the pursuit of happiness

How did African Americans resist racial oppression in states that enforced segregation?

through social activism, through acts of civil disobedience

Segregation in the United States was distinctively ironic because it occurred in a democratic republic.

true

Segregation laws hindered the education of African Americans during the early 20th century.

true