psychology 2314 final

true

heterosexual teenagers progress in stages, from disliking the other sex to getting romantically involved.

true

in traditional societies, puberty rites mark a young person's physical transition from childhood into adulthood.

true

A girl who says, "If I have unprotected sex, I'll never get pregnant because I'm special," is showing signs of the personal fable

true

A person operating according to Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning is focused on avoiding punishment or getting rewards

off time

A woman who worries, "I should be married now that I'm 35," is feeling ________ social clock.

false

Academically talented young people who come from poverty-level families almost always finish college.

true

According to Elkind, young teens believe that everyone is watching and evaluating them.

false

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has clear-cut causes and a single best treatment.

true

Because the U.S. government does little to help people make the transition to adulthood, young people in the United States today find it harder to leave the nest than do emerging adults in Scandinavia

true

Being overweight is a risk factor for early puberty, but only among girls.

true

Bowlby's attachment theory emphasizes the importance of the parent/child relationship in early childhood.

false

Boys reach spermarche about 2 years later than when the average girl begins to menstruate

true

Brain plasticity decreases as people age.

true

Parent-teen arguments are most intense during early adolescence.

false

Parent-teen conflict reaches its peak in late adolescence, as the child is about to leave home

true

Peer-group practices predict when a given teen will make the transition to intercourse.

true

A baby's primary figure is the person with whom that child spends the most time.

false

Among pre-teens, being in the popular crowd makes kids less aggressive.

true

Animism refers to the idea that nonliving things, such as stuffed animals, have consciousness

false

Developmentalists all agree that corporal punishment is NEVER acceptable.

true

In the teenage years, the frontal lobes of the brain have not yet fully matured.

true

In vitro fertilization is typically an expensive procedure.

true

Income inequality is a huge economic problem in the United States.

true

A crucial factor predicting the emotional quality of pregnancy is whether the mother-to be has a loving partner who wants the child.

true

According to Piaget's theory, children must be in concrete operations in order to really understand the rules of games such as soccer

false

According to Vygotsky, "Teachers just teach; students just learn."

true

According to recent research, it can be healthy to know one's career path without searching out many different possibilities

true

According to the text, boys prize intimacy in a relationship more than simply having sex.

true

According to traditional behaviorists, the way to extinguish behavior is to stop reinforcing it.

false

Co-sleeping is always bad for children.

false

Compared to people in Asian countries, U.S. residents are more likely to have a collectivist worldview.

false

Cross-sectional studies follow people as they age.

true

Developmentalists advise parents to talk about puberty before the changes occur.

body thins out and the limbs get longer

During childhood a child's:

true

During implantation, the blastocyst embeds itself in the uterine wall.

true

During the Great Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt encouraged universal high school attendance, an action that helped define adolescence as a separate life stage.

true

Early Head Start offers services to low-income U.S. children under age 3.

true

Early-maturing girls are at higher risk of getting into trouble as teens.

false

Eating disorders are very difficult to treat.

late 20's

Emerging adulthood lasts from age 18 to _______

true

Erikson viewed the development of industry as the main goal of middle childhood.

industry

Erum is 9 years old. Which psychosocial task is she currently working on, according to Erikson?

true

Ethnic minority emerging adults may actively decide to live in the nest in order to help their parents.

true

Evolutionary psychologists emphasize the biological/hereditary roots of human behavior

false

Only males produce testosterone.

true

Generally, gender-segregated play begins during preschool.

true

Getting involved in campus life and making connections with professors can help make college a "flow" experience.

false

Getting involved in high school clubs impairs development because it takes away from a teen's focus on academics.

cloth

Harry Harlow found that motherless baby monkeys preferred clinging to ________ mothers when distressed, rather than the wire mothers from whom they were fed.

true

Having just one nurturing figure during infancy may insulate children from developing mental health problems in elementary school.

true

Howard Gardner believes that humans have eight or possibly nine distinct forms of intelligence.

false

Humans stop making new neural connections after youth.

true

If a job puts a person in "flow," that individual is likely to be satisfied at work.

true

In both boys and girls, testosterone helps to program emerging sexuality, as well as skin and hair changes.

true

In normal infants, there is no relationship between the age of reaching motor milestones, such as walking, and later intelligence test scores.

ideal self

In selecting a mate, people are looking for their ______ , someone they feel is better than them in important ways.

false

In the United States today, social-clock norms and pressures are practically nonexistent.

true

Incredibly sensitive parenting is vital when children are biologically at risk.

true

Infant mortality refers to deaths that occur within the first year after birth.

false

Intelligence test scores are a good measure of genetic potential for all school-aged children

false

Intrinsic motivation tends to increase as students move through school.

false

It is relatively easy for preschoolers to inhibit their responses.

false

Living in poverty during the first years of life has few long-term effects.

ethnic

Miguel is trying to come to terms with his unique identity as a Latino and also his firm commitment to being an American. Miguel is struggling with his _____ identity.

dating

More widespread acceptance of same-sex relationships, later average age for marriage, and using on-line sites for ______ are three recent mating trends.

false

Most U.S. mothers breast-feed for 6 months.

false

Most U.S. teens find their high school experience incredibly satisfying.

true

Most U.S. teens report feeling hopeful and confident about the future.

false

Most adults show signs of formal operational thinking.

false

Most boys receive practical advice about spermarche from their mothers.

false

Most people have realistic career goals by the end of high school.

false

Most twenty-first century U.S. mothers feel comfortable about leaving their babies in someone else's care.

true

Neural pruning begins in the frontal lobes during late childhood.

false

On average, teens who are very depressed tend to get happier when they make the transition to adult life.

true

People who see marriage and having children as their main priority tend to reach these milestones at a younger age.

false

Piaget believed that the early childhood psychosocial task was initiative.

false

Piaget was interested in charting how the amount that children know gradually increases.

cortisol

Poor children tend to show chronically elevated levels of the stress hormone called ___________

false

Poor mothering is the main cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

true

Problems with infant sleep produce stressed-out parents.

true

Puberty typically lasts for less than 5 years.

true

Qualitative studies involve interviews, not statistical tests.

false

Rapid weight gain during infancy is related to early puberty for both sexes.

steady

Relationships that progress__are more likely to last.

false

Research has found that children who spend more time using electronic learning tools are more popular with their peers

true

Resilient children thrive in the face of growing up in dysfunctional or difficult environments.

true

Secondary sexual characteristics refer to pubertal changes NOT directly related to reproduction.

true

Sex-linked single-gene disorders are typically passed down from mothers to sons.

false

Sexual desire typically begins during puberty when testosterone production rises.

true

Shyness is a temperamental trait that persists, to some extent, throughout life.

true

Sperm can live for several days inside a woman's reproductive tract.

false

Staying in the nest during emerging adulthood is always a symptom of having problems growing up.

successful

Students who get to personally know their professors, do internships and independent studies, and become involved in campus activities are MORE likely to have a(n) _________ experience in college.

true

Successful schools nurture both students and teachers.

true

Teens are typically sleep deprived because the high school day starts too early.

true

Teratogens produce deformities in the major body structures during the first trimester of pregnancy

true

Teratogens tend to affect the developing fetal brain during the second and third trimester

false

The "brainy" high school crowd tends to be a high-status group.

ADHD

The MOST widely diagnosed health disorder among U.S. children, characterized by distractibility and restlessness, is __________

false

The cesarean section (c-section) rate has been declining in the developed world.

false

The key to helping children raise their self-esteem is to continually tell them that they are special and wonderful.

false

The prevalence of preschool obesity rose during the past decade.

BMI

The ratio of a person's height to weight is called that individual's ________

true

The rooting reflex helps newborn babies find the breast for feeding.

true

The sequence and rate of pubertal development can vary dramatically among girls.

true

To be classified as infertile, a couple must have unprotected sex for 1 year without conceiving

true

Today, an alarming percentage of young children in the developing world suffer from undernutrition

false

Today, the working husband and stay-at-home wife is typical of U.S. marriages.

true

When parents provide consistent rules, children tend to thrive.

initiative

Which psychosocial task involves exuberantly testing skills?

girls appear to be superior at fine motor skills; boys at gross motor skills

With regard to sex differences in childhood motor skills:

under nutrition

Worldwide, the greatest threat to children's physical development is:

false

Young people who are thriving (or flourishing) do not engage in risk-taking behaviors during adolescence.

executive functions

______ refer to the skills involved in regulating and monitoring behavior.

identity

_______ refers to Erik Erikson's life task centering on the challenge of deciding who to be as an adult.

selective attention

_______ refers to the ability to filter out unnecessary stimuli and focus on what is important.

Attachment

________ is the powerful bond of love between a child and a primary caregiver.

homogamy

_________ refers to the basic mate-selection principle that people choose similar partners.

avoidant

a baby with an ________ attachment style shows no emotion when primary caregiver enters the room

true

the young-old are typically fairly healthy