psychology 2314 final
true
heterosexual teenagers progress in stages, from disliking the other sex to getting romantically involved.
true
in traditional societies, puberty rites mark a young person's physical transition from childhood into adulthood.
true
A girl who says, "If I have unprotected sex, I'll never get pregnant because I'm special," is showing signs of the personal fable
true
A person operating according to Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning is focused on avoiding punishment or getting rewards
off time
A woman who worries, "I should be married now that I'm 35," is feeling ________ social clock.
false
Academically talented young people who come from poverty-level families almost always finish college.
true
According to Elkind, young teens believe that everyone is watching and evaluating them.
false
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has clear-cut causes and a single best treatment.
true
Because the U.S. government does little to help people make the transition to adulthood, young people in the United States today find it harder to leave the nest than do emerging adults in Scandinavia
true
Being overweight is a risk factor for early puberty, but only among girls.
true
Bowlby's attachment theory emphasizes the importance of the parent/child relationship in early childhood.
false
Boys reach spermarche about 2 years later than when the average girl begins to menstruate
true
Brain plasticity decreases as people age.
true
Parent-teen arguments are most intense during early adolescence.
false
Parent-teen conflict reaches its peak in late adolescence, as the child is about to leave home
true
Peer-group practices predict when a given teen will make the transition to intercourse.
true
A baby's primary figure is the person with whom that child spends the most time.
false
Among pre-teens, being in the popular crowd makes kids less aggressive.
true
Animism refers to the idea that nonliving things, such as stuffed animals, have consciousness
false
Developmentalists all agree that corporal punishment is NEVER acceptable.
true
In the teenage years, the frontal lobes of the brain have not yet fully matured.
true
In vitro fertilization is typically an expensive procedure.
true
Income inequality is a huge economic problem in the United States.
true
A crucial factor predicting the emotional quality of pregnancy is whether the mother-to be has a loving partner who wants the child.
true
According to Piaget's theory, children must be in concrete operations in order to really understand the rules of games such as soccer
false
According to Vygotsky, "Teachers just teach; students just learn."
true
According to recent research, it can be healthy to know one's career path without searching out many different possibilities
true
According to the text, boys prize intimacy in a relationship more than simply having sex.
true
According to traditional behaviorists, the way to extinguish behavior is to stop reinforcing it.
false
Co-sleeping is always bad for children.
false
Compared to people in Asian countries, U.S. residents are more likely to have a collectivist worldview.
false
Cross-sectional studies follow people as they age.
true
Developmentalists advise parents to talk about puberty before the changes occur.
body thins out and the limbs get longer
During childhood a child's:
true
During implantation, the blastocyst embeds itself in the uterine wall.
true
During the Great Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt encouraged universal high school attendance, an action that helped define adolescence as a separate life stage.
true
Early Head Start offers services to low-income U.S. children under age 3.
true
Early-maturing girls are at higher risk of getting into trouble as teens.
false
Eating disorders are very difficult to treat.
late 20's
Emerging adulthood lasts from age 18 to _______
true
Erikson viewed the development of industry as the main goal of middle childhood.
industry
Erum is 9 years old. Which psychosocial task is she currently working on, according to Erikson?
true
Ethnic minority emerging adults may actively decide to live in the nest in order to help their parents.
true
Evolutionary psychologists emphasize the biological/hereditary roots of human behavior
false
Only males produce testosterone.
true
Generally, gender-segregated play begins during preschool.
true
Getting involved in campus life and making connections with professors can help make college a "flow" experience.
false
Getting involved in high school clubs impairs development because it takes away from a teen's focus on academics.
cloth
Harry Harlow found that motherless baby monkeys preferred clinging to ________ mothers when distressed, rather than the wire mothers from whom they were fed.
true
Having just one nurturing figure during infancy may insulate children from developing mental health problems in elementary school.
true
Howard Gardner believes that humans have eight or possibly nine distinct forms of intelligence.
false
Humans stop making new neural connections after youth.
true
If a job puts a person in "flow," that individual is likely to be satisfied at work.
true
In both boys and girls, testosterone helps to program emerging sexuality, as well as skin and hair changes.
true
In normal infants, there is no relationship between the age of reaching motor milestones, such as walking, and later intelligence test scores.
ideal self
In selecting a mate, people are looking for their ______ , someone they feel is better than them in important ways.
false
In the United States today, social-clock norms and pressures are practically nonexistent.
true
Incredibly sensitive parenting is vital when children are biologically at risk.
true
Infant mortality refers to deaths that occur within the first year after birth.
false
Intelligence test scores are a good measure of genetic potential for all school-aged children
false
Intrinsic motivation tends to increase as students move through school.
false
It is relatively easy for preschoolers to inhibit their responses.
false
Living in poverty during the first years of life has few long-term effects.
ethnic
Miguel is trying to come to terms with his unique identity as a Latino and also his firm commitment to being an American. Miguel is struggling with his _____ identity.
dating
More widespread acceptance of same-sex relationships, later average age for marriage, and using on-line sites for ______ are three recent mating trends.
false
Most U.S. mothers breast-feed for 6 months.
false
Most U.S. teens find their high school experience incredibly satisfying.
true
Most U.S. teens report feeling hopeful and confident about the future.
false
Most adults show signs of formal operational thinking.
false
Most boys receive practical advice about spermarche from their mothers.
false
Most people have realistic career goals by the end of high school.
false
Most twenty-first century U.S. mothers feel comfortable about leaving their babies in someone else's care.
true
Neural pruning begins in the frontal lobes during late childhood.
false
On average, teens who are very depressed tend to get happier when they make the transition to adult life.
true
People who see marriage and having children as their main priority tend to reach these milestones at a younger age.
false
Piaget believed that the early childhood psychosocial task was initiative.
false
Piaget was interested in charting how the amount that children know gradually increases.
cortisol
Poor children tend to show chronically elevated levels of the stress hormone called ___________
false
Poor mothering is the main cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
true
Problems with infant sleep produce stressed-out parents.
true
Puberty typically lasts for less than 5 years.
true
Qualitative studies involve interviews, not statistical tests.
false
Rapid weight gain during infancy is related to early puberty for both sexes.
steady
Relationships that progress__are more likely to last.
false
Research has found that children who spend more time using electronic learning tools are more popular with their peers
true
Resilient children thrive in the face of growing up in dysfunctional or difficult environments.
true
Secondary sexual characteristics refer to pubertal changes NOT directly related to reproduction.
true
Sex-linked single-gene disorders are typically passed down from mothers to sons.
false
Sexual desire typically begins during puberty when testosterone production rises.
true
Shyness is a temperamental trait that persists, to some extent, throughout life.
true
Sperm can live for several days inside a woman's reproductive tract.
false
Staying in the nest during emerging adulthood is always a symptom of having problems growing up.
successful
Students who get to personally know their professors, do internships and independent studies, and become involved in campus activities are MORE likely to have a(n) _________ experience in college.
true
Successful schools nurture both students and teachers.
true
Teens are typically sleep deprived because the high school day starts too early.
true
Teratogens produce deformities in the major body structures during the first trimester of pregnancy
true
Teratogens tend to affect the developing fetal brain during the second and third trimester
false
The "brainy" high school crowd tends to be a high-status group.
ADHD
The MOST widely diagnosed health disorder among U.S. children, characterized by distractibility and restlessness, is __________
false
The cesarean section (c-section) rate has been declining in the developed world.
false
The key to helping children raise their self-esteem is to continually tell them that they are special and wonderful.
false
The prevalence of preschool obesity rose during the past decade.
BMI
The ratio of a person's height to weight is called that individual's ________
true
The rooting reflex helps newborn babies find the breast for feeding.
true
The sequence and rate of pubertal development can vary dramatically among girls.
true
To be classified as infertile, a couple must have unprotected sex for 1 year without conceiving
true
Today, an alarming percentage of young children in the developing world suffer from undernutrition
false
Today, the working husband and stay-at-home wife is typical of U.S. marriages.
true
When parents provide consistent rules, children tend to thrive.
initiative
Which psychosocial task involves exuberantly testing skills?
girls appear to be superior at fine motor skills; boys at gross motor skills
With regard to sex differences in childhood motor skills:
under nutrition
Worldwide, the greatest threat to children's physical development is:
false
Young people who are thriving (or flourishing) do not engage in risk-taking behaviors during adolescence.
executive functions
______ refer to the skills involved in regulating and monitoring behavior.
identity
_______ refers to Erik Erikson's life task centering on the challenge of deciding who to be as an adult.
selective attention
_______ refers to the ability to filter out unnecessary stimuli and focus on what is important.
Attachment
________ is the powerful bond of love between a child and a primary caregiver.
homogamy
_________ refers to the basic mate-selection principle that people choose similar partners.
avoidant
a baby with an ________ attachment style shows no emotion when primary caregiver enters the room
true
the young-old are typically fairly healthy