American History: Unit Five

what methods did the US government use to get the transcontinental railroad completed and who helped build it

- given federal grants (money and land) - Chinese and Irish immigrants - African Americans - Civil War Veterans

Bonanza farms

1000s of acres of farms in west most produced wheat beginning of corporate farms

Indian Wars

1850s-1890s - government forced Indians onto reservations - competition of land between settlers, government, and Indians - massacre at Sandcreek, Little Bighorn, Red River - Indians lose

the transcontinental railroad was primarily built by which group of workers?

Chinese and Irish immigrants and African Americans

an example of what the economist and social historian Thorstein Veblen meant by "conspicuous consumption" is

Mrs. Bradley Martin's costume ball

what industry was the first to truly utilize the corporation in the US and why

Railroad - complex - geographically widespread - need lots of capital

what criticism did Henry Demarest Lloyd leverage against Rockefeller's Standard Oil in Wealth against Commonwealth (1892)?

Standard Oil was employing more foreigners than Americans

the term "Gilded Age" describes all of the following except

an era where the scramble for wealth benefited all Americans equally

knights of labor

and organization that embraced all workers regardless of race or skill Haymarket affair ended knights as an effective organizaiton

Andrew Carnegie and John D Rockefeller

built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets

in the late nineteenth-century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of

class warfare and the growing power of the concentrated capital

William COdy

created a "Wild West" show that toured the US and Europe

the Civil Service Act of 1883

created a merit system for government workers

the impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West was

dramatic as an agricultural empire grew

the Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to

ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates

the Grange was an organization that

established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output

the nineteenth-century labor movement argued that

extremes of wealth and poverty threatened democracy

in How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis

focused on the wretched conditions of NYC slums

how did the displacement of native peoples in Australia differ from the experience of Indians in the American West

government policy orchestrated the removal of Aboriginal children from their homes for official adoption by whites

purpose of trusts?

group of companies owned by one company

the Plains Indians

included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux

how did expanding agricultural production in places like Argentina and the American West lead to the migration of rural populations to cities

increasing output worldwide pushed down the prices of farm products, making it more difficult for farmers to make ends meet

thomas edison

invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity

nineteenth-century Americans imagined the "Wild West" as all of the following except

isolated farms, where men and women carved out difficult lives on the Great Plains

the Sherman Antitrust Act imposed limitations upon which group

large corporations

at processing stations, officials met with immigrants to determine their medical conditon and

legal standing

all of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age except

low tarrifs

the firs great bomb in the west was spurred by

mining

why was the Hollywood version of the western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality

most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages

the Indian victory at Little Bighorn

only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement

which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the government and the economy in the Gilded Age

politicians of both major parties favored business and banks and supported a reduction in the money supply and a return to the gold standard

the new social order of the Gilded Age

prompted public discussion of class differences and debate among workingmen and farmers over public economy and ensured ongoing labor strife and deepening distrust between employees and employers

how did the expansion of railroads accelerate the second industrial revolution in America?

railroads created a true national market for US goods

eight-hour-day movement

safety issue and quality of life issue

rural to urban migration was primarily motivated by

steady employment

which of the following properly assesses the direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age

the "Christian lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society

the second industrial revolution was marked by

the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries

which statement about the Haymarket Affair is false?

the knights of labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket

which of the following properly assesses the significance of the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890

the law established a precedent that the national government could regulate the economy in the interest of the public good

which of the following properly assesses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877

the railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions

which statement about the theory of Social Darwism is false

the theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children

the creation of the presidential cabinet and political parties are examples of

the unwritten constitution

how were skilled workers able to secure new freedoms for themselves in rapidly expanding industries?

their knowledge allowed them to control the production process and the training of apprentices

why did new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats symbolize the continuing integration of the economy in America's Gilded Age?

these products were national brands, sold everywhere across the US thanks to the expanding railroad network

what did the books of Henry George, Laurence Gronlond, and Edward Bellamy all have in common

they all offered decidedly optimistic remedies for the unequal distribution of wealth

what did Native Americans have in common with the Zulu of South Africa and the aboriginal people in Australia

they found themselves pushed aside by centralizing government trying to control large interior regions

why did railroad companies and other businesses form "pools" during the American Gilded Age?

they hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors

which of the following best describes Native Americans' situation at the end of the Indian Wars

they were forced to move west or north or to live on reservations

what was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians

to civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term

bonanza farms

typically had thousands of acres of land or more

Vertical and horizontal integration and their advantages

vertical: own every stage in the process to making a product horizontal: own every step in a specific industry advantage: controlled expenses and dictate price

Chief Joseph

wanted freedom for his people, the Nez Perce

the Greenback-Labor Party

wanted the federal government to stop taking money out of circulation

the Ghost Dance

was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites

the knights of labor

was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms

the Social Gospel

was another term for social darwism

elections during the Gilded Age

were closely contested affairs

Credit Mobilier and the Whiskey Ring

were indicative of the corruption in the Grant Administration

which of the following properly compares the US Supreme Court's approach to organization in business and labor during the Gilded Age?

while the court applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to break down unions, it proved unwilling to endorse any regulation of big business

by 1890, the majority of Americans

worked for wages