Anatomy 2 Exam 2
Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them?
Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.
The earlike extension of the atrium is the
auricle.
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of
cardiac muscle cells.
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to
chordae tendineae.
The term ________ refers to blockage in the coronary circulation.
coronary artery disease
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the
coronary sinus.
When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n)
coronary thrombosis.
The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from
depolarization of the atria.
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow
in one direction only.
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the
interatrial septum.
Pericardial fluid
is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac.
The coronary sulcus is a groove that
marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
The muscle layer of the heart is the
myocardium.
Identify the structure(s) labeled "8."
papillary muscles
Thick projections of muscle in the ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae are called
papillary muscles.
Prominent muscular ridges in the anterior atrial wall and auricles are called
pectinate muscles.
The pulmonary valve prevents backward flow into the
right ventricle.
The endocardium consists of this type of tissue.
simple squamous epithelium
The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.
systemic
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by
the coronary arteries.
If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,
the ventricles will beat more slowly.
The connective tissues of the heart are important for all of the following reasons except
they produce the pericardial fluid.
Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called
trabeculae carneae.
Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles?
The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.
In a procedure known as ________, an inflatable balloon at the end of a catheter is used to press plaque back against the vessel wall.
balloon angioplasty
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the
base.
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located
between the left atrium and left ventricle.
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.
bicuspid
A hole in the interventricular septum in an infant may cause all of the following symptoms except
build-up of atherosclerotic plaque.
The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
calcium channels remaining open.
Identify the structure labeled "6."
cusp of tricuspid valve
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.
endocardium
The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart.
epicardium
The visceral pericardium is the same as the
epicardium.
Cardiac muscle layers form this distinct pattern.
figure eight
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the
foramen ovale
If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the
heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the
heart.
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
pulmonary valve.
The right atrium receives blood from all of the following structures except the
pulmonary veins.
A fine tubular wire mesh called a ________ may be inserted into a coronary vessel, holding it open
stent
As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit
tetany.
Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because
the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in
the sinoatrial node.
The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as
cardiac tamponade.
The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________.
cardiac veins; right atrium
Rheumatic fever causes generalized inflammation of the heart called
carditis.
The function of an atrium is to
collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.
As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.
conus arteriosus
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.
coronary
A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called
coronary artery bypass graft.
The ________ carry blood toward the heart
veins
The T wave on an ECG tracing represents
ventricular repolarization.
The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.
100,000
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?
16
There are ________ pulmonary veins.
4
The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches
4, 3, 2, 5, 1.
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins
5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.
8,000
________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia.
Angina pectoris
Which statement correctly describes the term left atrioventricular valve?
Its cusps open into the left ventricle.
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.
QRS complex
Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
QRS complex.
Identify the structure labeled "19."
pulmonary semilunar valve
If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected?
The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.
Which of the following is not true regarding the right atrioventricular valve?
The valve closes when the right atrium contracts.
The adult heart is roughly the size of
a man's clenched fist.
In cardiac muscle,
about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell.
Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show all of the following except
an increase in metabolic activity.
The left ventricle pumps blood to the
aorta.
Which valve(s) cusps open up toward the base of the heart?
aortic and pulmonary valves
Identify the structure labeled "22."
aortic arch
These structures keep the aortic valve cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta.
aortic sinuses
The inferior point of the heart is called the
apex.
The ________ carry blood away from the heart.
arteries
in cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of
increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.
interventricular septum
Which valve(s) contains 2 cusps?
left AV valve
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
left atrium
Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the
left coronary artery.
The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the
left coronary artery.
Which chamber has the thickest wall?
left ventricle
An MI that affects the ________ side of the heart is more severe because it has to pump blood with ________ force.
left; more
The ________ is a remnant of an important fetal blood vessel that once linked the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
ligamentum arteriosum
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
lungs.
In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the
mediastinum.
Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in
mitral valve prolapse.
The ________ is an important ridge of muscle extending horizontally around the right ventricle from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle containing part of the conducting system.
moderator band
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.
oxygenated; left atrium
The heart lies within the ________ cavity.
pericardial
Contractions of the papillary muscles
prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.
pulmonary
The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.
pulmonary
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except
pumps a greater volume.
One possible consequence of untreated strep throat is a disease causing inflammation of heart called
rheumatic fever.
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
right and left lungs.
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
right atrium.
Coronary veins empty into the
right atrium.
The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the
right coronary artery.
Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?
right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium
