Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1

Organ Level

-two or more tissue types performing specific functions •e.g., the small intestine composed of all four tissue types, working to process and absorb digested nutrients

Physiology

examines how the body functions. -Physiologists examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances and abnormal circumstances.

Organismal Level

- highest level of structural organization - all body functions working interdependently in an organism, the living being

Anatomic Position

- upright stance - feet parallel - upper limbs at the sides of the body - palms face anteriorly (towards the front) - head is level - eyes look forward

Tissue Level

-Consists of tissues, groups of similar cells performing common functions

Structure and function are inseparable

-Together, they provide the basis for understanding health and human performance.

Cellular Level

-cells, the smallest living structures •basic units of structure and function in organisms •vary widely in structure, reflecting specializations needed -Formed from atoms and molecules from the chemical level

What type of plane would separate the nose and mouth into superior and inferior structures?

A transverse plane

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy studies structure and form; physiology studies the function of body parts. Their study is intertwined.

elbow to the wrist

Antebrachial

Transverse Plane

Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) Also called a cross-sectional plane

Midsagittal Plane

Vertical plane dividing the body into equal left and right halves

Nervous Tissue

conducts nerve impulses

Organ system level

contains related organs that work together to achieve a common function e.g., organs of the digestive system working together to digest food, absorb nutrients, and expel waste products

Epithelial Tissue

covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

Sagittal Plane

divides a structure into left and right structures at any number of sites parallel to midsagittal plane

Plane

imaginary flat surface passing through the body

Chemical Level

involves atoms and molecules Atoms: smallest unit of matter molecules, one or more combined atoms e.g., sugar, vitamins

Organelles

microscopic subunits in cells composed of macromolecules

Macromolecules

more complex molecules examples: proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules

Oblique Planes

pass through structures at an angle

Muscle Tissue

produces movement

Section

slice or cut to expose internal anatomy

Anatomy

studies the form and structure of the body -Anatomists examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs.

Which organ system is responsible for filtering the blood and removing the waste products of the blood in the form of urine?

the urinary system

Coronal Plane

vertical plane dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) also called a frontal plane

Connective Tissue

•protects, supports, and binds structures and organs