Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1
Organ Level
-two or more tissue types performing specific functions •e.g., the small intestine composed of all four tissue types, working to process and absorb digested nutrients
Physiology
examines how the body functions. -Physiologists examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances and abnormal circumstances.
Organismal Level
- highest level of structural organization - all body functions working interdependently in an organism, the living being
Anatomic Position
- upright stance - feet parallel - upper limbs at the sides of the body - palms face anteriorly (towards the front) - head is level - eyes look forward
Tissue Level
-Consists of tissues, groups of similar cells performing common functions
Structure and function are inseparable
-Together, they provide the basis for understanding health and human performance.
Cellular Level
-cells, the smallest living structures •basic units of structure and function in organisms •vary widely in structure, reflecting specializations needed -Formed from atoms and molecules from the chemical level
What type of plane would separate the nose and mouth into superior and inferior structures?
A transverse plane
What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy studies structure and form; physiology studies the function of body parts. Their study is intertwined.
elbow to the wrist
Antebrachial
Transverse Plane
Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) Also called a cross-sectional plane
Midsagittal Plane
Vertical plane dividing the body into equal left and right halves
Nervous Tissue
conducts nerve impulses
Organ system level
contains related organs that work together to achieve a common function e.g., organs of the digestive system working together to digest food, absorb nutrients, and expel waste products
Epithelial Tissue
covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities
Sagittal Plane
divides a structure into left and right structures at any number of sites parallel to midsagittal plane
Plane
imaginary flat surface passing through the body
Chemical Level
involves atoms and molecules Atoms: smallest unit of matter molecules, one or more combined atoms e.g., sugar, vitamins
Organelles
microscopic subunits in cells composed of macromolecules
Macromolecules
more complex molecules examples: proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules
Oblique Planes
pass through structures at an angle
Muscle Tissue
produces movement
Section
slice or cut to expose internal anatomy
Anatomy
studies the form and structure of the body -Anatomists examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs.
Which organ system is responsible for filtering the blood and removing the waste products of the blood in the form of urine?
the urinary system
Coronal Plane
vertical plane dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) also called a frontal plane
Connective Tissue
•protects, supports, and binds structures and organs