Anatomy and physiology: Growth Week 1

What growth predominates during Infancy?

Trunk growth

Which hormone/(s) stimulates the gonads to release more sex hormones? (select all that apply) Follicle-stimulating hormone Growth hormone Insulin-like growth factor-1 Luteinizing hormone Testosterone

Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone

Leptin?

Key role in regulating body fat mass

During which developmental stage is skeletal growth considered complete? Early puberty Infancy Late puberty Adulthood

Late puberty ( when the epiphyses of long bones have completely fused)

Androgen

Promote masculinization of the secondary sex characteristics and skeletal maturation

Which statement about infant brain development is true? 1) Disruption of brain development during infancy can affect brain function. 2). Brain development after birth does not affect function, b/c the brain is fully developed at birth. 3). Infant brain development is slow, and therefore cognitive development is not observed during this stage 4) The stepping, palmar, and plantar grasp reflexes are not developed until the brain is nearly fully grown

1) Disruption of brain development during infancy can affect brain function ** Anything that disrupts brain development and growth during maturation, including trauma or infection, can have serious effects on future brain function.

Reproductive organs achieve maturation and function during which developmental stage? Infancy Adolescence Adulthood Gestational

Adolescence

Primitive reflexes (Stepping, palmar, and plantar grasp) are present at?

At birth and are inhibited as the brain develops

Testosterone and Estrogen Both?

Causes genitalia to grow to adult proportions Promotes bone maturation Epiphyseal fusion

At which developmental age do the legs grow faster than any other body part? 1)Fetus 2)Infant 3)Child 4)Adolescent

Child

Ghrelin

Controls growth hormone release and influences food intake and obesity development

Which age-related physical changes contribute to skeletal muscle loss in the older adult? (Select all that apply) Decrease in Exercise Decrease in steroid production Reduction in liver size Weight loss Increase in body fat

Decrease in exercise Decrease in steroid production

Which organ secretes estrogen and testosterone during puberty? Gonads Liver Thyroid Stomach

Gonads

Growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to release which hormone? 1) Growth Hormone 2) Thyroid-stimulating hormone 3)Ghrelin 4) Somatostatin

Growth Hormone

Growth at puberty depends on interactions of which hormones? (Select all that apply) Follicle-stimulating hormone Growth hormone Insulin-like growth factor-1 Luteinizing hormone Testosterone

Growth hormone Insulin-like growth factor-1 Testosterone

What growth predominates during fetal development?

Head growth

Thyroid hormone affects which aspects of growth and development? (Select all that apply) Heart rate Vision Menses Body weight Sense of smell Urination

Heart rate Menses Body weight

Liver produces?

Insulin-like growth factor 1

Which hormone has an important role in bone formation and resorption? Leptin Somatostatin Interleukin-6 Androgen

Interleukin-6

During Adolescence ______________ and _______________ elongate

Truck and legs

Somatostatin

inhibits the secretion of both GHRH and thyroid-stimulating hormone

What physical assessment findings in the older adult suggest skeletal muscle loss? (Select all that apply) 1)Increased fat 2)Increased height 3) Loss of body weight 4)Decrease in arm span 5) Jaundice

1) Increased fat (as skeletal muscle declines) 3) Loss of body weight (as skeletal muscle declines)

Which hormone, regulated by insulin, stimulates cells that control connective tissue growth and ossification? 1) Insulin- like growth factor-1 2)Leptin 3)Ghrelin 4)Somatostatin

1) Insulin- like growth factor-1

When a parent asks about a child's bone growth, the nurse explains that which hormone is responsible for bone maturation and epiphyseal fusion? 1) Testosterone 2)Thyroid-stimulating Hormone 3) Luteinizing Hormone 4) Somatostatin

1) Testosterone

Which hormones, secreted by the gonads, are responsible for maturation of genitalia during puberty? (Select all that apply) 1) Testosterone 2)Estrogen 3) Thyroid- Stimulating hormone 4) Ghrelin 5) Leptin

1) Testosterone &. 2) Estorgen

Which hormone helps regulate an individual's height? 1) Insulin-like growth factor-1 2) Testosterone 3) Leptin 4) Estrogen

1) insulin-like growth factor-1 ** Stimulates target cells that control connective tissue growth and ossification to stimulate muscle and skeletal growth

At what age does the head make up nearly 50% of the body 1) 2-month- old fetus 2) Newborn 3) 2 year old child 4) 20 year old adult

2 month old fetus

Which organ completes physical development more quickly than other body parts? 1) Liver 2)Brain 3)Kidney 4) Heart

2) Brain (Nearly complete by 3 years old)

Most rapid period of Brain growth occurs between conception and _______________ years?

3

Which hormone may influence appetite and food intake? 1) Insulin- like growth factor-1 2) Estrogen 3) Ghrelin 4) Somatostatin

3) Ghrelin **Controls growth hormone release and influences food intake and obesity development

Which statement is correct concerning fetal growth and development ? 1) Growth in length follows weight gain 2)Fetal growth is steady across all body systems throughout gestation 3) Organ size increases during the second trimester 4)Head growth predominates

4) Head growth predominates