SOCY-1003 Chapter 12
10. For every dollar a man makes in the United States, how much does a woman make?
77 cents
6. The term sexuality is defined by the text as:
A person's capacity for sexual feelings
Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? A. Functionalism B. Conflict theory C. Symbolic interactionalism D. Queer theory
A. Functionalism
In which country is sex education required in public schools? A. The United States B. Sweden C. England D. Nigeria
B. Sweden
The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________. A. sex B. gender C. both sex and gender D. none of the above
B. gender
11. When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views?
Conflict theory
Sociologists associate sexuality with _______. A.. heterosexuality B. homosexuality C. biological factors D. a person's capacity for sexual feelings
D. a person's capacity for sexual feelings
DOMA
Defense of Marriage Act, a 1996 U.S. law explicitly limiting the definition of "marriage" to a union between one man and one woman and allowing each individual state to recognize or deny same-sex marriages performed in other states
8. What is the first agent of socialization?
Family
14. When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of:
Homophobia
Patrilineal
Kings Father > Son
Matrilineal
Mother > Daughter
1. What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.*
7. Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender:
Socialization
18. In which country is sex education required in public schools?
Sweden
Biological determinism is:
The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology
16. What is the purpose of queer theory?
To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.
2. True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.
True
13. The term doing gender can be defined as:
When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.
Global stratification
a comparison of the wealth, economic stability, status, and power of countries as a whole
intergenerational mobility
a difference in social class between different generations of a family
Davis-Moore thesis
a thesis that argues some social stratification is a social necessity
_______ is/are an individual's self-conception of being male or female based on his or her association with masculine or feminine gender roles. a. Gender identity b. Sexual attitudes c. Sexual orientation d. Gender bias
a. Gender identity
Compared to most Western societies, American sexual attitudes are considered _______. a. conservative b. liberal c. permissive d. free
a. conservative
Homophobia
an extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals
Minority group
any group of people who are singled out from the others for differential and unequal treatment
gender identity
being masculine/feminine
Prejudice
biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people
To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? a. Feminism b. Symbolic Interactionism c. Functionalism d. Conflict theory
c. Functionalism
free range parenting movement
children need to go out and make mistakes so they can learn from them
double standard
concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women but allows it for men
Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children? a. Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles. b. Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles. c. None of the above d. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.
d. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.
In 1973, the American Psychological Associate (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would e most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society? A. Structural Functionalism B. Exchange Theory C. Cyberfeminism D. Symbolic Interactionism
d. Symbolic Interactionism
According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": a. during half of our activities b. only when they apply to our biological sex c. only if we are actively following gender roles d. all of the time, in everything we do
d. all of the time, in everything we do
Gender Role
gender role: society's concept of how men and women should behave
polygamy
multiple husbands/wives
cohabitation
relationship and you're living together
Gender role
society's concept of how men and women should behave
Wealth
the value of money and assets a person has from, for example, inheritance
Endogamous marriages
unions of people within the same social category
3. The term sexual orientation can be defined as:
A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex
19. What is the Kinsey Scale?
A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.
What is the first agent of socialization? A. The Law B. Family C. School D. Friends
B. Family
Jenny is given a doll for her 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender _______. A. Bending B. Socialization C. Indifference D. Stratification
B. Socialization
What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex? A. United States B. Sweden C. Mexico D. Ireland
B. Sweden
When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of: A. Doing gender B. Bisexuality C. Homophobia D. Social imperialism
C. Homophobia
Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? A. Women are typically shorter than men. B. Men do not live as long as women. C. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. D. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.
C. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.
hich of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping? A. Keisha's mom encouraging her to take home economics over shop class so she can please her future husband. B. A music store employee encouraging a young woman to study the piano or flute instead of the drums or guitar. C. A teacher discouraging a female student from entering the military, suggesting nursing school instead. D. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.
D. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.
The term sexuality is defined by the text as: A. An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine. B. The repressed sexual inclinations of society as a whole. C. An individual's biological gender. D. A person's capacity for sexual feelings.
D. A person's capacity for sexual feelings.
4. Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing :
Sexism
Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come?
Social functionalism
17. In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?
Symbolic Interactionism
Gender Dysphoria
a condition listed in the DSM-5 in which people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with. This condition replaces "gender identity disorder"
Subordinate group
a group of people who have less power than the dominant group
Sex
a term that denotes the presence of physical or physiological differences between males and females
graph
as women's paid work went up, housework went down
Ethnicity
shared culture, which may include heritage, language, religion, and more
Amalgamation
the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group
Racial profiling
the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someone
intersection theory
theory that suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes
transgender
to individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex
doing gender
when people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves
polyandry
woman takes two or more husbands at the same time
9. When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of:
A double standard
15. Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping?
A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.
When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of: A. A double Standard B. A misunderstanding C. Gender Identity D. Homophobia
A. A double Standard
When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views? Select one: A. Conflict Theory B. Structural Functionalism C. Cyberfeminism D. Symbolic Interactionism
A. Conflict Theory
_______ is/are an individual's self-conception of being male or female based on his or her association with masculine or feminine gender roles. A. Gender identity B. Gender bias C. Sexual orientation D. Sexual attitudes
A. Gender identity
What is the purpose of the queer theory? A. To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality. B. To purpose a series of federal laws that will put an end to many social inequalities. C. To determine whether sexual orientation is a product of nature or nurture. D. To examine the genetic differences between the heterosexual population and homosexual population.
A. To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.
Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is: A. Transgender B. Bisexual C. Transsexual D. Homophobic
A. Transgender
True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender. A. True B. False
A. True
20. Which of the following contributes to the myths surrounding male and female learning abilities in the classroom? a. Praising males for right answers more often than praising females. b. Giving males more opportunity to expand on their ideas. c. Placing males and females in competition with each other. d. All of the above.
All of the above
Gender Dysphoria is: A. A condition where transgender people choose to alter their bodies. B. A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with C. A form of sexual dysfunction and paraphila. D. A form of homophobia
B. A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with
According to national surveys, most American parents support which type of sex education program in school? A. Abstinence only B. Abstinence plus sexual safety C. Sexual safety without promoting abstinence D. No sex education
B. Abstinence plus sexual safety
To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? A. Conflict theory B. Functionalism C. Feminist theory D. Symbolic interactionism
B. Functionalism
Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing : A. Sexual orientation B. Sexism C. Masochism D. Homophobia
B. Sexism
Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? A. Cyberfeminism B. Structural Functionalism C. Symbolic Interactionism D. Conflict Theory
B. Structural Functionalism
The term doing gender can be defined as: A. The refusal to participate in any tasks with gender-specific requirements. B. When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves. C. The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another. D. Dating a member of the same sex to make a political statement.
B. When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.
Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______. A. at infancy B. in early adolescence C. in early adulthood D. in late adulthood
B. in early adolescence
A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered _______. A. transgendered B. transsexual C. a cross-dresser D. homosexual
B. transsexual
The term sexual orientation can be defined as: A. a phase which a person outgrows before entering heterosexuality. B. A term that refers to individuals who identity with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex. C. A person's biological gender D. A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.
D. A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.
What is the Kinsey Scale? A. An in-depth guide to measure whether a loved one is homosexual or heterosexual. B. A religious text which classifies a person's ability to live as a heterosexual. C. An instructional manual explaining acceptable homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual behavior. D. A six-point rating system that ranges fro, exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.
D. A six-point rating system that ranges fro, exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.
Which of following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism? A. It is strictly biological and associated with chemical imbalances in the brain. B. It is a behavior that is learned through socializing with other transgendered individuals. C. It is genetic and usually skips one generation. D. Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism.
D. Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism.
What is the difference between sex and gender? A. Sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with. B. Sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy. C. Sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females. D. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.
D. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.
Biological determinism is: A. The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another. B. An extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals. C. An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine. D. The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology.
D. The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology.
5. Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is:
Transgender
Gender dysphoria
a condition listed in the DSM-5 in which people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with. This condition replaces "gender identity disorder"
Intragenerational mobility
a difference in social class between different members of the same generation
Dominant group
a group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups
Class
a group who shares a common social status based on factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation
Primogeniture
a law stating that all property passes to the firstborn son
Downward mobility
a lowering of one's social class
Sexuality
a person's capacity for sexual feelings
Gender Identity
a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her gender
Gender identity
a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her gender
sexual orientation
a person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female)
Sexual Orientation
a person's physical, mental, emotional, and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female)
Sexual orientation
a person's physical, mental, emotional, and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female)
sexuality
a persons capacity for sexual feelings
queer theory
a scholarly discipline that questions fixed (normative) definitions of gender and sexuality
Racism
a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that are used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others
Structural mobility
a societal change that enables a whole group of people to move up or down the class ladder
Social stratification
a socioeconomic system that divides society's members into categories ranking from high to low, based on things like wealth, power, and prestige
Caste system
a system in which people are born into a social standing that they will retain their entire lives
Gender
a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions of behaviors that are considered male or female
gender
a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions of behaviors that are considered male or female
Scapegoat theory
a theory that suggests that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group
According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": a. all of the time, in everything we do b. only if we are actively following gender roles c. during half of our activities d. only when they apply to our biological sex
a. all of the time, in everything we do ~
Transgender
an adjective that describes individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are other than their biological sex
homophobia
an extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals
Meritocracy
an ideal system in which personal effort-or merit-determines social standing
Heterosexism
an ideology and a set of institutional practices that privilege heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations
Upward mobility
an increase--or upward shift--in social class
Queer Theory
an interdisciplinary approach to sexuality studies that identifies Western society's rigid splitting of gender into male and female roles and questions its appropriateness
Queer theory
an interdisciplinary approach to sexuality studies that identifies Western society's rigid splitting of gender into male and female roles and questions its appropriateness
Only women are affected by gender stratification. a. True b. False
b. False
Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? a. Symbolic Interactionism b. Structural Functionalism c. Queer Theory d. Conflict Theory
b. Structural Functionalism
Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? a. Women are typically shorter than men. b. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. c. Men do not live as long as women. d. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.
b. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.
bigamy
going through a marriage ceremony while already married to another person.
Anette Lareau
noticed class differences in how a family raised their kids
monogamy
one man married to one woman
sexism
one sex should be valued over another
Stereotypes
oversimplified ideas about groups of people
polygny
plural marriage
Discrimination
prejudiced action against a group of people
sex
presence of physical or physiological differences between males and females
dowry
property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage
Institutional racism
racism embedded in social institutions
Class system
social standing based on social factors and individual accomplishments
Social Construction of Sexuality
socially created definitions about the cultural appropriateness of sex-linked behavior which shape how people see and experience sexuality
Social construction of sexuality
socially created definitions about the cultural appropriateness of sex-linked behavior which shape how people see and experience sexuality
gender role
society's concept of how men and women should behave
Patriarchy
society/gov. in which the father is head of the family and descendants are traced through the male line
Matriarchy
society/gov. ruled by a woman
Social mobility
the ability to change positions within a social stratification system
Expulsion
the act of a dominant group forcing a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country
Conspicuous consumption
the act of buying and using products to make a statement about social standing
Racial steering
the act of real estate agents directing prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race
Biological Determinism
the belief that men and women behave differently due to inherent sex differences related to their biology
Biological determinism
the belief that men and women behave differently due to inherent sex differences related to their biology
Colorism
the belief that one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group
White privilege
the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group
Double Standard
the concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women but allows it for men
Double standard
the concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women but allows it for men
Status consistency
the consistency, or lack thereof, of an individual's rank across social categories like income, education, and occupation
Genocide
the deliberate annihilation of a targeted (usually subordinate) group
Pluralism
the ideal of the United States as a "salad bowl:" a mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the "flavor" of the whole
Sedimentation of racial inequality
the intergenerational impact of de facto and de jure racism that limits the abilities of black people to accumulate wealth
Standard of living
the level of wealth available to acquire material goods and comforts to maintain a particular socioeconomic lifestyle
Income
the money a person earns from work or investments
Doing Gender
the performance of tasks based upon the gender assigned to us by society and, in turn, ourselves
Doing gender
the performance of tasks based upon the gender assigned to us by society and, in turn, ourselves
Segregation
the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions
Redlining
the practice of routinely refusing mortgages for households and business located in predominately minority communities
Sexism
the prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another
Assimilation
the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture
Social construction of race
the school of thought that race is not biologically identifiable
Model minority
the stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching higher educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without protest against the majority establishment
Culture of prejudice
the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture
Class traits
the typical behaviors, customs, and norms that define each class (also called class markers)
Transsexuals
transgender individuals who attempt to alter their bodies through medical interventions such as surgery and hormonal therapy
transsexuals
transgendered individuals who wish to alter their bodies through medical interventions such as surgery and hormonal therapy
Exogamous unions
unions of spouses from different social categories
