anatomy - chapter 9 multiple choice
Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone? A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) C) luteinizing hormone (LH) D) prolactin E) oxytocin
human chronic gonadotropin (hCG)
The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by ________.
hypothalmus
When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels. A) epinephrine B) glucagon C) insulin D) growth hormone
insulin
Which hormone works against glucagon? A) epinephrine B) aldosterone C) insulin D) cortisol E) glucocorticoids
insulin
Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels? A) glucocorticoids B) epinephrine C) growth hormone D) insulin E) glucagon
insulin
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________. A) insulin; glucagon B) glucagon; insulin C) cortisol; glucagon D) epinephrine; cortisol
insulin; glucagon
The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary. A) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) cortisol; aldosterone C) growth hormone; prolactin D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin
oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland. A) follicle B) parafollicular C) beta D) alpha
parafollicular
Where is calcitonin made? A) hypothalamus B) parafollicular cells of the parathyroid gland C) anterior pituitary D) parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland E) follicular cells of the thyroid gland
parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________.
parathyroid
The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ________.
pituitary
The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ________.
pituitary
Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________. A) pituitary dwarfism B) Cushing's disease C) acromegaly D) myxedema E) gigantism
pituitary dwarfism
The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ________. A) thymus B) pineal gland C) thyroid gland D) pituitary gland
pituitary gland
Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are the three cardinal signs of a disease known as ________. A) diabetes insipidus B) hypoglycemia C) diabetes mellitus D) goiter
diabetes mellitus
Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones? A) nervous system B) immune system C) endocrine system D) integumentary system E) muscular system
endocrine system
The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________. A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) prolactin C) growth hormone (GH) D) epinephrine E) melatonin
epinephrine
Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland. A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) catecholamines
gluccorticoids
Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following does NOT match her signs or symptoms? A) bronze skin tone B) high blood pressure and edema C) weak muscles D) hypoglycemia E) inability to cope with stress
high blood pressure and edema
The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ________. A) hormonal B) humoral C) neural D) direct gene activation
hormonal
Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________. A) estrogens B) glucocorticoids C) androgens D) mineralocorticoids
androgens
The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by ________.
anterior pituitary
Alcohol suppresses the production of this hormone, ________, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration. A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) aldosterone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D) cortisol
antidiuretic hormone
Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood vessel diameter and blood pressure? A) oxytocin B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D) growth hormone (GH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A hormone produced by the heart, known as ________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure. A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) B) cortisol C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) glucagon
atrial natriuertic peptide (ANP)
Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age and shows signs of mental retardation. What disorder do you suspect? A) goiter B) pituitary dwarfism C) myxedema D) exophthalmos E) cretinism
cretinism
The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.
testes
The hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is ________. A) estrogen B) cortisol C) testosterone D) prolactin
testosterone
The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) aldosterone D) progesterone E) thyroxine
thymosin
The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by ________.
thymus
Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine? A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C) gonadotropic hormones D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary? A) prolactin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The thyroid gland is located ________. A) on top of the kidneys B) directly below the Adam's apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) within the parathyroid glands
directly below the adams apple
The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by ________.
ovaries
Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone? A) oxytocin B) estrogen C) adrenocorticoids D) testosterone E) mineralocorticoids
oxytocin
The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________.
pancreas
The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by ________.
parathyroid
Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the ________. A) pineal gland B) thymus C) parathyroid glands D) adrenal cortex E) posterior pituitary
parathyroid glands
Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called ________. A) alpha cells B) beta cells C) delta cells D) gamma cells E) theta cells
beta cells
Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells? A) plasma membrane permeability changes B) cellular mutations occur C) enzymes are activated or inactivated D) mitosis is stimulated E) proteins are synthesized in the cell
cellular mutations occur
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________. A) Cushing's syndrome B) Graves' disease C) diabetes insipidus D) Addison's disease
cushing's syndrome
The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________. A) luteinizing hormone (LH) B) prolactin C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) progesterone E) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called ________. A) hormonal stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) neural stimulus D) receptor-mediated stimulus E) steroid stimulus
hormonal stimulus
Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ________. A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mother's breasts? A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormone B) growth hormone and glucagon C) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormone E) prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes ________. A) are protein hormones B) are controlled by hormones produced by the adrenal cortex C) promote the formation of sex cells D) are produced in equal amounts in both males and females E) are secreted in response to posterior pituitary hormones
promote the formation of sex cells
Testosterone can be categorized as a(n) ________ hormone. A) amine B) glycoprotein C) peptide D) protein E) steroid
steroid
Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females B) stimulate growth of facial hair C) stimulate menstruation D) help maintain pregnancy E) prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg
stimulate growth of facial hair
Tropic hormones ________. A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones B) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones C) stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones D) stimulate nervous tissue E) stimulate prostaglandins
stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________. A) direct gene activation B) the second-messenger system C) steroid hormone action D) diffusion
the second-messenger system
A hormone called ________ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells. A) cortisol B) thymosin C) glucagon D) melatonin
thymosin
The target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the ________ gland. A) adrenal B) pineal C) pituitary D) thyroid
thyroid
The body's major metabolic hormone is called ________. A) prolactin B) growth hormone C) adrenaline D) thyroid hormone E) calcitonin
thyroid hormone
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________. A) pineal gland B) anterior pituitary gland C) adrenal gland D) posterior pituitary gland E) thyroid gland
anterior pituitary gland
Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ________. A) parathyroid hormone (PTH) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) glucagon D) oxytocin E) prolactin (PRL)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________. A) Addison's disease B) Graves' disease C) Cushing's disease D) goiter
addison's disease
The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by ________.
adrenal glands
Catecholamines are released by the ________. A) pancreas B) thyroid gland C) adrenal cortex D) adrenal medulla
adrenal medulla
Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland? A) thyrotropic hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) B) prolactin C) growth hormone (GH) D) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body? A) T3 and T4 B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) oxytocin and prolactin D) insulin and glucagon E) melatonin and glucocorticoids
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________. A) calcitonin and thyroid hormone B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH) D) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin E) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
calcitonin and thyroid hormone
Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________. A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus E) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis
catalyze cyclic AMP
The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is ________. A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) iodine E) bromine
iodine
Prostaglandins are ________. A) amino acid-based hormones B) steroid hormones C) lipid hormones manufactured in the plasma membranes of cells D) glycerol hormones E) target organs
lipid hormones manufactured in the plasma membrane of cells
Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone? A) maintenance of pregnancy B) deepening of the voice C) growth of facial hair D) sperm production E) development of heavy bones and muscles
maintenance of the pregnancy
A hormone called ________ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle. A) thymosin B) cortisol C) melatonin D) aldosterone
melatonin
The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) progesterone D) glucagon E) thyroxine
melatonin
The pineal gland produces ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) estrogen D) insulin E) cortisol
melatonin
Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus? A) polyuria B) polydipsia C) moon face D) polyphagia E) acidosis
moon face
Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to ________. A) reabsorb potassium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb calcium D) reabsorb iodine E) reabsorb hydrogen
reabsorb sodium
Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) help resist long-term stress B) increase blood glucose levels C) decrease edema D) suppress inflammation E) regulate salt content of the blood
regulate salt content of the blood
Most hormones are ________. A) regulated by a positive feedback mechanism B) classified as steroids C) released upon stimulation by other hormones D) controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients E) able to diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells
released upon stimulation by other hormones
The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________. A) cortisone B) renin C) cortisol D) vasopressin E) angiotensin
renin
Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood. A) iron; magnesium B) calcium; phosphorus C) water; glucose D) sodium; potassium
sodium; potassium
Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release? A) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system B) dilation of the small passages of the lungs C) increased heart rate D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood glucose levels
decreased blood pressure
Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla? A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) cortisone D) glucocorticoids E) epinephrine
epinephrine
Which hormones regulate the female's menstrual cycle? A) estrogens and progesterone B) thymosin and melatonin C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone D) androgens and testosterone E) cholecystokinin and secretin
estrogen and progesterone