anatomy - chapter 9 multiple choice

Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone? A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) C) luteinizing hormone (LH) D) prolactin E) oxytocin

human chronic gonadotropin (hCG)

The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by ________.

hypothalmus

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels. A) epinephrine B) glucagon C) insulin D) growth hormone

insulin

Which hormone works against glucagon? A) epinephrine B) aldosterone C) insulin D) cortisol E) glucocorticoids

insulin

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels? A) glucocorticoids B) epinephrine C) growth hormone D) insulin E) glucagon

insulin

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________. A) insulin; glucagon B) glucagon; insulin C) cortisol; glucagon D) epinephrine; cortisol

insulin; glucagon

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary. A) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) cortisol; aldosterone C) growth hormone; prolactin D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin

oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland. A) follicle B) parafollicular C) beta D) alpha

parafollicular

Where is calcitonin made? A) hypothalamus B) parafollicular cells of the parathyroid gland C) anterior pituitary D) parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland E) follicular cells of the thyroid gland

parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________.

parathyroid

The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ________.

pituitary

The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ________.

pituitary

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________. A) pituitary dwarfism B) Cushing's disease C) acromegaly D) myxedema E) gigantism

pituitary dwarfism

The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ________. A) thymus B) pineal gland C) thyroid gland D) pituitary gland

pituitary gland

Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are the three cardinal signs of a disease known as ________. A) diabetes insipidus B) hypoglycemia C) diabetes mellitus D) goiter

diabetes mellitus

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones? A) nervous system B) immune system C) endocrine system D) integumentary system E) muscular system

endocrine system

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________. A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) prolactin C) growth hormone (GH) D) epinephrine E) melatonin

epinephrine

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland. A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) catecholamines

gluccorticoids

Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following does NOT match her signs or symptoms? A) bronze skin tone B) high blood pressure and edema C) weak muscles D) hypoglycemia E) inability to cope with stress

high blood pressure and edema

The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ________. A) hormonal B) humoral C) neural D) direct gene activation

hormonal

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________. A) estrogens B) glucocorticoids C) androgens D) mineralocorticoids

androgens

The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by ________.

anterior pituitary

Alcohol suppresses the production of this hormone, ________, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration. A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) aldosterone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D) cortisol

antidiuretic hormone

Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood vessel diameter and blood pressure? A) oxytocin B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D) growth hormone (GH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A hormone produced by the heart, known as ________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure. A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) B) cortisol C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) glucagon

atrial natriuertic peptide (ANP)

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age and shows signs of mental retardation. What disorder do you suspect? A) goiter B) pituitary dwarfism C) myxedema D) exophthalmos E) cretinism

cretinism

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.

testes

The hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is ________. A) estrogen B) cortisol C) testosterone D) prolactin

testosterone

The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) aldosterone D) progesterone E) thyroxine

thymosin

The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by ________.

thymus

Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine? A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C) gonadotropic hormones D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary? A) prolactin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The thyroid gland is located ________. A) on top of the kidneys B) directly below the Adam's apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) within the parathyroid glands

directly below the adams apple

The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by ________.

ovaries

Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone? A) oxytocin B) estrogen C) adrenocorticoids D) testosterone E) mineralocorticoids

oxytocin

The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________.

pancreas

The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by ________.

parathyroid

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the ________. A) pineal gland B) thymus C) parathyroid glands D) adrenal cortex E) posterior pituitary

parathyroid glands

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called ________. A) alpha cells B) beta cells C) delta cells D) gamma cells E) theta cells

beta cells

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells? A) plasma membrane permeability changes B) cellular mutations occur C) enzymes are activated or inactivated D) mitosis is stimulated E) proteins are synthesized in the cell

cellular mutations occur

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________. A) Cushing's syndrome B) Graves' disease C) diabetes insipidus D) Addison's disease

cushing's syndrome

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________. A) luteinizing hormone (LH) B) prolactin C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) progesterone E) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called ________. A) hormonal stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) neural stimulus D) receptor-mediated stimulus E) steroid stimulus

hormonal stimulus

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ________. A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mother's breasts? A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormone B) growth hormone and glucagon C) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormone E) prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes ________. A) are protein hormones B) are controlled by hormones produced by the adrenal cortex C) promote the formation of sex cells D) are produced in equal amounts in both males and females E) are secreted in response to posterior pituitary hormones

promote the formation of sex cells

Testosterone can be categorized as a(n) ________ hormone. A) amine B) glycoprotein C) peptide D) protein E) steroid

steroid

Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females B) stimulate growth of facial hair C) stimulate menstruation D) help maintain pregnancy E) prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg

stimulate growth of facial hair

Tropic hormones ________. A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones B) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones C) stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones D) stimulate nervous tissue E) stimulate prostaglandins

stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________. A) direct gene activation B) the second-messenger system C) steroid hormone action D) diffusion

the second-messenger system

A hormone called ________ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells. A) cortisol B) thymosin C) glucagon D) melatonin

thymosin

The target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the ________ gland. A) adrenal B) pineal C) pituitary D) thyroid

thyroid

The body's major metabolic hormone is called ________. A) prolactin B) growth hormone C) adrenaline D) thyroid hormone E) calcitonin

thyroid hormone

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________. A) pineal gland B) anterior pituitary gland C) adrenal gland D) posterior pituitary gland E) thyroid gland

anterior pituitary gland

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ________. A) parathyroid hormone (PTH) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) glucagon D) oxytocin E) prolactin (PRL)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________. A) Addison's disease B) Graves' disease C) Cushing's disease D) goiter

addison's disease

The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by ________.

adrenal glands

Catecholamines are released by the ________. A) pancreas B) thyroid gland C) adrenal cortex D) adrenal medulla

adrenal medulla

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland? A) thyrotropic hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) B) prolactin C) growth hormone (GH) D) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body? A) T3 and T4 B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) oxytocin and prolactin D) insulin and glucagon E) melatonin and glucocorticoids

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________. A) calcitonin and thyroid hormone B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH) D) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin E) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________. A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus E) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis

catalyze cyclic AMP

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is ________. A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) iodine E) bromine

iodine

Prostaglandins are ________. A) amino acid-based hormones B) steroid hormones C) lipid hormones manufactured in the plasma membranes of cells D) glycerol hormones E) target organs

lipid hormones manufactured in the plasma membrane of cells

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone? A) maintenance of pregnancy B) deepening of the voice C) growth of facial hair D) sperm production E) development of heavy bones and muscles

maintenance of the pregnancy

A hormone called ________ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle. A) thymosin B) cortisol C) melatonin D) aldosterone

melatonin

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) progesterone D) glucagon E) thyroxine

melatonin

The pineal gland produces ________. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) estrogen D) insulin E) cortisol

melatonin

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus? A) polyuria B) polydipsia C) moon face D) polyphagia E) acidosis

moon face

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to ________. A) reabsorb potassium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb calcium D) reabsorb iodine E) reabsorb hydrogen

reabsorb sodium

Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) help resist long-term stress B) increase blood glucose levels C) decrease edema D) suppress inflammation E) regulate salt content of the blood

regulate salt content of the blood

Most hormones are ________. A) regulated by a positive feedback mechanism B) classified as steroids C) released upon stimulation by other hormones D) controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients E) able to diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells

released upon stimulation by other hormones

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________. A) cortisone B) renin C) cortisol D) vasopressin E) angiotensin

renin

Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood. A) iron; magnesium B) calcium; phosphorus C) water; glucose D) sodium; potassium

sodium; potassium

Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release? A) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system B) dilation of the small passages of the lungs C) increased heart rate D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood glucose levels

decreased blood pressure

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla? A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) cortisone D) glucocorticoids E) epinephrine

epinephrine

Which hormones regulate the female's menstrual cycle? A) estrogens and progesterone B) thymosin and melatonin C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone D) androgens and testosterone E) cholecystokinin and secretin

estrogen and progesterone