Anatomy Final
The threshold potential is....
-55mV
The average functional lifespan of an RBC is
100-120 days
Normal Blood ph falls in the range between ____ and ___
7.35,7.45
The universal recipient is blood type
AB
Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called...
Antigens
Blood leaves the LV through an artery known as the...
Aorta
which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting
Aortic semilunar valve
What part of the neuron releases vesicles containing neurotransmitters?
Axon Terminal
What pat of the neuron releases vesicles containing neurotransmitters
Axon terminals
Neurotransmitters do not stay in the synaptic cleft for long. They are removed from the synaptic clefts in several ways. Which process is NOT a way that neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft?
Being engulfed by glial cells
The term central nervous system refers to the___
Brain and spinal cord only
The centers for the control of involuntary activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the....
Brain stem
Sandy had a few alcoholic drinks, and then found walking and maintaining her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by the alcohol
Cerebellum
The substance that surrounds, protects, and cushions the brain is
Cerebrospinal fluid
The area of the brain involved in organization, personality, judgement, and thinking is the.....
Cerebrum
What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps of the heart valves to the walls of the ventricles
Chordae tendineae
The large fiber tract that allows communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the ___
Corpus Callosum
Lidocaine is used as a local anesthetic to block the sensation of pain. It operates by preventing sodium channels from opening in neurons. The specific event lidocaine prevents is....
Depolarization
Sodium channels open, sodium ions come rushing into the axon and the membrane potential increases to its maximum
Depolarization
When the oxygen level in the blood decreases, the kidney releases _____ to stimulate the production RBCs
Erythropoietin
A motor sensory neuron carries stimuli from the central nervous system to the effector
False
The optic nerve controls the movements of the eye, to the left and right and up and down
False
The ridges of the brain are the sulci and the depressions are the gyri
False
The somatic division of the nervous system is further divided into the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
False
What long, thread-like molecules form the network of a clot during coagulation
Fibrin
which group of white blood cells includes the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Granulocytes
What component of a red blood cell binds and transports oxygen
Hemoglobin
What is NOT dissolved in the plasma of the blood
Hemoglobin
The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the babys RBC's is called.....
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
The process by which bleeding is stopped is called...
Hemostasis
What statement best describes the RESTING STATE of a neuron
Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell
What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?
Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell
What is the name of the FIRST cranial nerve and what is its function?
Olfactory - sense of smell
When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or ___ occurs
agglutination
Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes the________
all or nothing response
What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest and digest" division?
Parasympathetic
A polarized neuron at rest has more ____ ions outside the cell and less ____ ions inside the cell
Sodium; Potassium
Preparing the body for "fight or flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the......
Sympathetic nervous system
The part of the nueron that typically conducts nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body is the
axon
Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes....
The all or nothing response
What does the following statement mean, Neurons are amitotic. what does this mean when there is trauma to the nervous system
The neurons get damaged and don't have cell division to repair themselves
Gray matter contains collections of unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies in the central nervous system
True
The diencephalon (interbrain) sits below the cerebrum and above the brain stem
True
Which of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostatis
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
The capability of white blood cells to locate areas of damaged tissue and infection by responding to certain chemicals is
chemotaxis
the heart is situated within the medical section of the thoracic cavity known as the
mediastinum
The most numerous of white blood cells are the___
neutrophils
The initiation of clotting by forming a plug is the responsibility of ___
platelets
which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium of the heart
pulmonary veins
Where does hematopoiesis occur to produce new RBCs
red bone marrow (myeloid tissue)
An action potential is starts with a rush of ____ ions into the cell
sodium
The gap between two communicating neurons, where neurotransmitters are released, is called.....
synaptic cleft
The gap between two communication neurons is termed
synaptic cleft
During ventricular ___, blood is ejected from the ventricles throgh the large arteries connected to the heart
systole
Which valve is located between the RA and RV
tricuspid valve
There is an overshoot down to -80mV when re-establishing a potential of -70mV
Hyperpolarization
Which of the following indicates damage to the precentral gyrus
Inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles
What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in reflex arcs
Interneurons
The walls of the ___ are thicker bc it acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart
Left ventricle
The following are degenerative diseases of the nervous system, which worsen over time, EXCEPT
Meningitis
Mr. Smith has A- blood and was bleeding from an ulcer in his stomach. A nurse was not wearing glasses and gave Mr. smith 1 unit of A+ blood, what was the likely outcome
Mr. Smith has a mild transfusion reaction and became ill
The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as....
Pulmonary circulation
Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc
Receptor, Afferent neuron, integration center, efferent center, effector
Sodium channels close, potassium channels open, potassium leaves the cell, and the sodium/potassium pump operates
Repolarization
There are more sodium ions outside the cell, there are more potassium ions inside the cell along with negatively charged proteins, and the membrane is at -70mV
Resting Potential
Veins draining the head and neck empty into the ___, which carries blood to the RA of the heart
SVC
Which neuroglial cell makes the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
A blood clot developed in a deep vein in Mr. Zēngs leg How should this clot be named?
Thrombus
Astrocytes create the blood-brain barrier to keep toxic substances out of the central nervous system
True
3 symptoms of concussion
dizziness, severe headache, nausea. stay away from screens and stimulants
Which of the following describe leukocytosis
excessive number of leukocytes
Erythrocytes.....
lack a nucleus and most organelles
