Anatomy Final Test 1 Review

organize the following structural levels of the human body from simplest to most complexL 1. cell 2. tissue 3. chemical 4. organ system 5. organ

3,1,2,5,4

al of the synthesis reaction sin the body are called

anabolism

haversian systems or osteons

are the basic units in compact bone tissue

the first cervical vertebrae is the

atlas

a researcher discovered a new hormone that raises blood calcium levels. According to the principles of negative feedback, the hormone would be secreted when

blood calcium levels decrease

collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

bone matrix

ligaments attach

bone to bone

the thumb and big toe are similar in that

both have two rather than three phalanges

what type of muscle is fond in the wall of the heart?

cardiac

chondroblasts produce

cartilage matrix

the ? region f the vertebral column is located in the neck

cervical

Anaphase

chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of cell

a general characteristic of connective tissue is that is

consists of cells with much intercellular matrix between them

spongy bone tissue

contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae

muscle tissue is characterized by its

contractibility

cutting off your nose would be a section of what plane

coronal

articular cartilage

covers the ends of bones in synovial joints

synovial fluid

decreases friction between bones

enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by

decreasing the activation energy

connective tissue in tendons is

dense regular collagenous tissue

An X-ray determines that Peter fractures the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the ? of the bone

diaphysis

which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites?

distal and proximal

cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

electrolytes, because they conduct an electrical current

covalent bonds form when

electrons are shared

ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is

endochondral

what is the site of long bone growth

epiphyseal plate

what is the end of a long bone?

epiphysis

which skull canal conveys sound waves to eardrum?

external auditory canal

which of the following is not a coxal bone? a. ischium b. ilium c. femur d. pubic

femur

the opposite of extension is

flexion

intramembranous ossification

forms the bones of the roof of the skull

adipose tissue

functions as an insulator and site of energy storage

woven bone

has its collagen fibers randomly oriented

The study of tissues is

histology

the site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the

intervertebral foramen

the opposite of eversion is

inversion

a person with a fractured mandible has a broken

jaw

the thumb is ? to the firth digit

lateral

some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. the function of red marrow is to

manufacture blood cells

which of the following is not a carpal?

navicular

what type of tissue contains cells called neurons>

nervous tissue

a person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of these bones?

occipital

in the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region

of higher concentration to lower concentration

what type of cells break down bone tissue?

osteoclast

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the

osteocyte

which type of bone cells lie in lacunae?

osteocytes

osteoclast activity is increased by

parathyroid hormone

which of the following is correctly matched?

patella-bone within tendon of quadriceps

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

periosteum

chromatin condenses and nucleoli disappear during the ? of mitosis

prophase

which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

proteoglycan

If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you may have fractured your

radius

what organelles are the sites of protein synthesis?

ribosomes

which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

ribs

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is

scoliosis

ATP

serves as the energy currency of the cell

which of the following is correctly matched?

short bone-carpal bone

what type of epithelial tissue is found in stomach?

simple columnar epithelium

movement of food through digestive tract results from the action of

smooth muscle

The foramen magnum is a large opening in the base of the skull for the

spinal cord

The epidermis of the skin is composed of

stratified squamous epithelium

which of the following describes position of nose?

superior to mouth

most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are ? joints

synovial

transcription

synthesizes RNA from DNA

the tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula is the

talus

homeostasis is defined as

the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

the coccyx is

the most inferior portion of the vertebral column

the various types of epithelium are classified by

the shape of cells and number of layers

the ribs articulate with the ? vertebrae

thoracic

which of the following statements is true?

thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes

The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a

tight junction

what type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?

transitional epithelium

a symporter will transport ? across the cell membrance

two different molecules in same direction

the sagittal suture is located between the

two parietal bones

cartilagenous joints

unite tow bones by means of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA but not DNA?

uracil

what chemical ingested by the body is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

vitamin D

which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

when blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases