anatomy mastering a and p: exam 2
true
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced within the ventricles.
cerebellum
Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the __________.
smell
Damage to cranial nerve I leads to loss of which sensation?
reticular activating system
Damage to the _____________________ results in unconsciousness or coma
visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck
Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with
amygdaloid body
David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response?
glossopharyngeal and vagus
Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?
oculomotor
Drooping eyelids could be as a result of a damage to which cranial nerve?
hypothalamus
During an infection body temperature rises. The area of the diencephalon responsible for adjusting the body's temperature is the _________.
telencephalon
During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?
central canal
Identify the passageway found in the spinal cord that is continuous with the ventricles.
hypothalamus
Monitoring and regulating the blood osmotic environment is controlled by the __________.
vagus
Stimulation of which cranial nerve will reduce heart rate?
vagus
Stimulation of which cranial nerve will stimulate the digestive system?
optic chiasma
The area where the two optic nerves cross over is known as the __________.
establishing emotional states
The limbic system is responsible for __________.
basal nuclei
The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the __________.
blood pressure and respiration
The medulla oblongata regulates
brain stem
The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the
longitudinal fissure
The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
true
The ventricles are all interconnected.
occipital lobe
The visual cortex is located in the
12
There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves
gyri
What are the structures in the cerebrum that are elevated ridges, which increase surface area to increase the number of neurons in a specific area?
somatic and visceral
What are the two types of cranial reflexes?
the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
What are two structures that integrate the functioning of the nervous system and endocrine system?
hippocampus
What is the area of the limbic system associated with learning, storage, and retrieval of new and long-term memories?
connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
What is the function of the thalamic nuclei indicated by the arrow?
arachnoid villi
What is the last spot where CSF circulates before being resorbed by the circulatory system?
midbrain, pons, and medulla
What is the sequence of the structures that make up the brain stem going from the diencephalon to the spinal cord?
the cerebrum
What major region of the brain is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns?
the thalamus and hypothalamus
What of the following are two parts of the brain that compose the diencephalon?
astrocytes
What type of neuroglial cells are responsible for establishing the blood-brain barrier?
frontal lobes
Which cerebral lobes are the most anterior?
Vestiblocochlear
Which cranial nerve contains sensory fibers coming from the inner ear and is responsible for hearing and balance?
Nerves III, IV, VI
Which cranial nerves are concerned with eyeball movement?
nerves V, VI, VII, VIII
Which cranial nerves originate in the pons?
tentorium cerebelli
Which dural folds covers and separates cerebellum from the cerebrum?
the occipital lobe
Which lobe of the cerebrum is concerned with the sense of vision?
Vagus nerve (X)
Which of the following cranial nerves do(es) NOT supply the tongue?
precentral gyrus
Which of the following is NOT a component of the limbic system?
transport blood to brain structures
Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
providing the blood-brain barrier
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrospinal fluid?
receiving and interpreting visual stimuli
Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata?
thalamus
Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem?
maintaining muscle tone and coordination of learned movement patterns
Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei?
fine-tuning muscle movements
Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?
to regulate body temperature
Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
diencephalon
Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?
pineal gland
Which of the following produces the hormone melatonin?
the bones of the skull
Which of the following provide(s) mechanical protection for the brain by cradling it?
lateral ventricles
Which of the following ventricles is found under the corpus callosum?
the arachnoid mater
Which of the meningeal membranes creates a space outside the brain where cerebrospinal fluid circulates?
pia mater
Which of the meninges adheres to the surface of the brain and accompanies the branches of the blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain?
the limbic system
Which part of the brain is known as the "Motivational System"?
the hypothalamus
Which part of the brain regulates the functioning of the autonomic nervous system?
medulla oblongata
Which part of the brainstem has a control center that sets the basic pace or rhythm of breathing?
superior colliculi
Which part of the mesencephalon coordinates reflex eye movements?
cerebral aqueduct
Which passageway connects the third and fourth ventricles?
hearing and balance
Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?
fourth
Which ventricle lies between the pons and the cerebrum?
arbor vitae
White matter in the cerebellum is called the __________ because it resembles a tree.
to asses damage to cranial nerves and associated processing centers
Why do we test cranial reflexes?
superior colliculi
You are attending the Indi 500 and as cars pass you by, your eyes and head follow the race cars. Which structure is controlling this movement?
reticular activating system
You are sound asleep. Your dog decides to get up and walk around the house and in the process steps on a lose floor board and causes it to make a cracking sound. You wake up! What structure was responsible for waking you up from sleep?
inferior colliculi
You are standing at a crowded subway station in NYC. You hear a loud noise and suddenly get startled and turn your head toward the direction the loud noise. Which structure is controlling this behavior and movement?
smell his food
You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to
reticular activating system
____________ is a collection of clusters of neurons responsible for consciousness.
reduced movement of auditory ossicles
A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in __________.
facial
A patient complains that he/she has lost the ability to taste sweets. Which cranial nerve is damaged?
hypoglossal
A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?
the speech center of Broca's area
After suffering a stroke, the patient is unable to speak. He can understand what is said to him and write messages, but he cannot express himself verbally. Which part of his brain was affected by the stroke?
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
Fresh blood, with oxygen and nutrients, reaches the brain through the __________.
the inferior colliculi
Have you ever noticed how we humans turn our head in response to a loud noise? What part of the midbrain is involved in bringing about this response to the loud noise?
the substantial nigra
Inactivity of the neurons in which part of the midbrain is involved in Parkinson's disease?
trigeminal
Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?
thalamus
Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the
medulla oblongata
The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the __________.
coordinates learned movements, has peduncles connecting to the cerebrum, and adjusts posture
The cerebellum __________.
metencephalon
The cerebellum and pons develop from the
diencephalon
The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the __________.
substantia nigra
The nuclei in the midbrain responsible for secreting dopamine is _________.
cerebellum
The old saying "Practice makes perfect" is related to training which structure of the nervous system.
hypothalamus
The part(s) of the diencephalon responsible for coordinating the activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system is/are the __________.
epithalamus
The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the __________.
control of food intake
The pons is involved in all of the following EXCEPT __________.
brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord
The pons links the cerebellum with the __________.
insula
The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the
parietal and frontal lobes
The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the
cerebrospinal fluid
clear, colorless fluid that transports nutrients and removes wastes from the central nervous system
ependymal cells
neuroglial cells most directly associated with the formation of CSF
choroid plexus
located in the ventricles of the brain; produces and maintains CSF
subarachnoid space
space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater through which the CSF circulates around the brain and spinal cord
arachnid granulations
villi that absorb CSF into the venous circulation
true
true of false. the medulla oblongata functions in -relaying sensory/motor information -lies between cervical spinal cord and pons -contains centers that regulate cardiovascular and respiratory functions