anatomy mastering a and p: exam 2

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true

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced within the ventricles.

cerebellum

Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the __________.

smell

Damage to cranial nerve I leads to loss of which sensation?

reticular activating system

Damage to the _____________________ results in unconsciousness or coma

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

amygdaloid body

David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response?

glossopharyngeal and vagus

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

oculomotor

Drooping eyelids could be as a result of a damage to which cranial nerve?

hypothalamus

During an infection body temperature rises. The area of the diencephalon responsible for adjusting the body's temperature is the _________.

telencephalon

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

central canal

Identify the passageway found in the spinal cord that is continuous with the ventricles.

hypothalamus

Monitoring and regulating the blood osmotic environment is controlled by the __________.

vagus

Stimulation of which cranial nerve will reduce heart rate?

vagus

Stimulation of which cranial nerve will stimulate the digestive system?

optic chiasma

The area where the two optic nerves cross over is known as the __________.

establishing emotional states

The limbic system is responsible for __________.

basal nuclei

The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the __________.

blood pressure and respiration

The medulla oblongata regulates

brain stem

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the

longitudinal fissure

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

true

The ventricles are all interconnected.

occipital lobe

The visual cortex is located in the

12

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves

gyri

What are the structures in the cerebrum that are elevated ridges, which increase surface area to increase the number of neurons in a specific area?

somatic and visceral

What are the two types of cranial reflexes?

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

What are two structures that integrate the functioning of the nervous system and endocrine system?

hippocampus

What is the area of the limbic system associated with learning, storage, and retrieval of new and long-term memories?

connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

What is the function of the thalamic nuclei indicated by the arrow?

arachnoid villi

What is the last spot where CSF circulates before being resorbed by the circulatory system?

midbrain, pons, and medulla

What is the sequence of the structures that make up the brain stem going from the diencephalon to the spinal cord?

the cerebrum

What major region of the brain is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns?

the thalamus and hypothalamus

What of the following are two parts of the brain that compose the diencephalon?

astrocytes

What type of neuroglial cells are responsible for establishing the blood-brain barrier?

frontal lobes

Which cerebral lobes are the most anterior?

Vestiblocochlear

Which cranial nerve contains sensory fibers coming from the inner ear and is responsible for hearing and balance?

Nerves III, IV, VI

Which cranial nerves are concerned with eyeball movement?

nerves V, VI, VII, VIII

Which cranial nerves originate in the pons?

tentorium cerebelli

Which dural folds covers and separates cerebellum from the cerebrum?

the occipital lobe

Which lobe of the cerebrum is concerned with the sense of vision?

Vagus nerve (X)

Which of the following cranial nerves do(es) NOT supply the tongue?

precentral gyrus

Which of the following is NOT a component of the limbic system?

transport blood to brain structures

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

providing the blood-brain barrier

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

receiving and interpreting visual stimuli

Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata?

thalamus

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem?

maintaining muscle tone and coordination of learned movement patterns

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei?

fine-tuning muscle movements

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

to regulate body temperature

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

diencephalon

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?

pineal gland

Which of the following produces the hormone melatonin?

the bones of the skull

Which of the following provide(s) mechanical protection for the brain by cradling it?

lateral ventricles

Which of the following ventricles is found under the corpus callosum?

the arachnoid mater

Which of the meningeal membranes creates a space outside the brain where cerebrospinal fluid circulates?

pia mater

Which of the meninges adheres to the surface of the brain and accompanies the branches of the blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain?

the limbic system

Which part of the brain is known as the "Motivational System"?

the hypothalamus

Which part of the brain regulates the functioning of the autonomic nervous system?

medulla oblongata

Which part of the brainstem has a control center that sets the basic pace or rhythm of breathing?

superior colliculi

Which part of the mesencephalon coordinates reflex eye movements?

cerebral aqueduct

Which passageway connects the third and fourth ventricles?

hearing and balance

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?

fourth

Which ventricle lies between the pons and the cerebrum?

arbor vitae

White matter in the cerebellum is called the __________ because it resembles a tree.

to asses damage to cranial nerves and associated processing centers

Why do we test cranial reflexes?

superior colliculi

You are attending the Indi 500 and as cars pass you by, your eyes and head follow the race cars. Which structure is controlling this movement?

reticular activating system

You are sound asleep. Your dog decides to get up and walk around the house and in the process steps on a lose floor board and causes it to make a cracking sound. You wake up! What structure was responsible for waking you up from sleep?

inferior colliculi

You are standing at a crowded subway station in NYC. You hear a loud noise and suddenly get startled and turn your head toward the direction the loud noise. Which structure is controlling this behavior and movement?

smell his food

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

reticular activating system

____________ is a collection of clusters of neurons responsible for consciousness.

reduced movement of auditory ossicles

A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in __________.

facial

A patient complains that he/she has lost the ability to taste sweets. Which cranial nerve is damaged?

hypoglossal

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

the speech center of Broca's area

After suffering a stroke, the patient is unable to speak. He can understand what is said to him and write messages, but he cannot express himself verbally. Which part of his brain was affected by the stroke?

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Fresh blood, with oxygen and nutrients, reaches the brain through the __________.

the inferior colliculi

Have you ever noticed how we humans turn our head in response to a loud noise? What part of the midbrain is involved in bringing about this response to the loud noise?

the substantial nigra

Inactivity of the neurons in which part of the midbrain is involved in Parkinson's disease?

trigeminal

Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?

thalamus

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

medulla oblongata

The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the __________.

coordinates learned movements, has peduncles connecting to the cerebrum, and adjusts posture

The cerebellum __________.

metencephalon

The cerebellum and pons develop from the

diencephalon

The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the __________.

substantia nigra

The nuclei in the midbrain responsible for secreting dopamine is _________.

cerebellum

The old saying "Practice makes perfect" is related to training which structure of the nervous system.

hypothalamus

The part(s) of the diencephalon responsible for coordinating the activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system is/are the __________.

epithalamus

The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the __________.

control of food intake

The pons is involved in all of the following EXCEPT __________.

brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord

The pons links the cerebellum with the __________.

insula

The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the

parietal and frontal lobes

The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the

cerebrospinal fluid

clear, colorless fluid that transports nutrients and removes wastes from the central nervous system

ependymal cells

neuroglial cells most directly associated with the formation of CSF

choroid plexus

located in the ventricles of the brain; produces and maintains CSF

subarachnoid space

space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater through which the CSF circulates around the brain and spinal cord

arachnid granulations

villi that absorb CSF into the venous circulation

true

true of false. the medulla oblongata functions in -relaying sensory/motor information -lies between cervical spinal cord and pons -contains centers that regulate cardiovascular and respiratory functions


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