Anatomy Neuroscience Test

In a polarized neuron at rest

The inside of the neuron is more negatively charged than the outside

What occurs sequentially when the nerve impulse is transmitted from the synapse of one neuron to the postsynaptic neuron?

The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis

Which statement about vesicles is accurate?

They empty neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

After repeated use of a drug, larger and larger doses are needed to produce the same effect. This describes:

Tolerance

True or False. People, places, and things related to a particular drug experience can, at a later time, trigger another drug experience

True

True or false. Expose to drugs during the teen years may affect the likelihood of someone becoming an addict in the future

True

Which of the following is NOT a function of neurons?

*All of these are neuron functions

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential

3,1,2,4

Drug addiction can be defined as

A chronic, relapsing disease

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter

ATP

When neurotransmitters cross a synapse and bind to receptors on a neuron _________

An action potential is either inhibited or initiated

Cocaine produce their effects by:

Blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters that have been released into a synapse

Threshold stimuli are those which are strong enough to

Cause a net flux of positively charged ions from outside to inside the cell

Amphetamines produce their effects by:

Causing neuron terminals to release dopamine

The intense desire to use drugs is called

Cravings

The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called

Dendrites

Opening of voltage gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in

Depolarization

From a simplified perspective, the most important element of the 'drug-reward-system' consists of neurons that release _________ into an area of the brain called the __________

Dopamine; nucleus accumbens

The use of illegal drugs or the inappropriate use of legal drugs to produce please, to alleviate stress, or to alter or avoid reality

Drug abuse

Which of the following best describes the connection between two typical neurons?

The axon of one neuron hovers very close to another neuron

Which of the following activities activates the reward pathway?

Eating sugar, engaging in sexual intercourse, eat fat, inhaling nicotine (all the above)

The ingredient in alcoholic beverages that affects the body is

Ethanol

True or False. If I have a family history of addiction, I will eventually become addicted to a substance because of genetics

False

True or False. Receptors that bind the neurotransmitter at the post-synaptic cell membrane are voltage gated

False

True or False. Scientists have identified the one gene responsible for addiction

False

All of the following are components of the reward system EXCEPT

Glucose

Action potentials are all-or-none. Which of the following summarizes this principle?

If a threshold stimulus is reached, the action potential will always be of the same strength

Which of the following methods of administration results in the highest concentration of a substance in the brain in the shortest amount of time?

Inhalation

The electrical impulse transmitted by a neuron is caused by the movement of

Ions

A neuron

Is the basic unit of the nervous system, operates by generating electrical signals, is a nerve cell and may communicate with other neurons via chemical signals

After a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a dendrite, which of the following is most likely to happen to the neurotransmitter?

It will be released and will re-enter the neuron that it was released from or it will be broken down and eliminated in the synapse

The action potential of a neuron is best compared to

Liquid starting to spill over the rim of a cup when just enough force is applied

The role of the Na+/K+ pump in the nervous system is to

Maintain proper ionic concentration gradients across the neuron membrane

Which of the following are risk factors that can lead to drug abuse and addiction?

Mental illness, poor parent-child relations, academic problems (all the above)

A neuron generally has all of the following except

Microvilli

Which of the following are characteristics of drug addiction?

Molecular changes in the brain

During depolarization

Na+ moves into a neuron

Which of the following type of imagine technology can show brain activity by showing which areas are using more glucose relative to others?

PET

Which of the following performs such abstract intellectual function as predicting the future consequences of events or actions?

Prefrontal cortex

Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles at the

Presynaptic membrane

Neurons in the brain communicate with each other by

Releasing neurotransmitters

Dopamine is most directly involved in

Signaling pleasure

Drugs work in the brain because they have similar ______

Size and shape as natural brain chemicals

The area between the pre-synaptic nerve cell and the post-synaptic muscle cell is termed the

Synaptic cleft