Anatomy Test
allows for movement of limbs and for organ movements within the body
Muscle, connective, Nervous
____ is the replacement of a blood clot by granulation tissue
Organization
Lines the stomach and most of the intestines
Simple Columnar
mero
a part
in a loose CT, the nondividing cells that store nutrients
adipoctyes
insulates the body
adipose
stores fat
adipose
composes the basement membrane; surrounds and cushions blood vessles and nerves; its gel-like matrix contains all categories of fibers and many cell types
areolar
granulation tissue resists infection by secreting _____ substances
bacteria inhibiting
basal
base
chyme
body fluid
Exocrine glands classified as compound tubular are glands with ____ ducts
branching
contains cylindrical cells with branching ends
cardiac
displays intercalated disks
cardiac
tissue of the circulatory pump
cardiac
Involuntarily controlled
cardiac and smooth
chances the internal volume of an organ as it contracts
cardiac and smooth
uninucleate
cardiac and smooth
six special characteristics of epithelium
cellularity, specialized contacts, polarity, basement membrane, innervated but avascular regeneration, connective tissue
living elements that maintain the firm, flexible matrix in cartilage
chondrocytes
propel sheets of mucus
ciliated epithelium
hyal
clear
intact capillaries near an injury dilate, leaking plasma, blood cells, and ____ which cause the blood to clot. The clot at the surface dries to form a scab
clotting proteins
during fibrosis, fibroblasts in the granulation tissue lay down ____ fibers, which form a strong compact but inflexible mass
collagen
tough protein fibers that resist stretching or longitudinal tearing
collagen fibers
branched ducts
compound
characterized by having large amounts of extracellular material
connective
supports and reinforces body organs
connective
widely distributed; found in bones, cartilages, and fat deposits
connective
surrounds and cushions body organs
connective and epithelium
the skin dermis
dense irregular
parallel bundles of collagenic fibers provide strength; found in tendons
dense regular
multicellular glands are composed of three structures ___, _____, _____
duct, secretory units, and supportive connective tissue
found in external ear and auditory tube
elastic cartilage
forms the stretchy ligaments of the vertebral column
elastic connective
randomly coiled protein fibers that recoil after being stretched
elastic fibers
exaples are the thyroid and adrenal glands
endocrine
glands secrete regulartory hormones directly into blood or lympth
endocrine
small molecules pass through rapidly
endothelium
cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances
epithelium
endocrine and exocrine glands are formed from ____ tissue
epithelium
forms endocrine and exocrine glands
epithelium
forms membranes
epithelium
duct from this gland type carried secretions to target organ or location
exocrine
exaples are the liver, which produces bile, and the pancreas, wich produces digestive enzymes
exocrine
the more numerous of the two types of glands
exocrine
_____ synthesize fibers across the gap
fibroblasts
contains collagenous fibers; found in intervertebral disk
fibrocartilege
If tissue damage is very severe, tissue repair is more likely to occur by _____, or scarring
fibrosis
problems associated with _____ include shrinking, loss of elasticity, and formation of adhesions
fibrosis
the repair of the cardiac muscle and nervous tissue occurs only by ___
fibrosis
glia
glue
Unicellular exocrine glands called ___ are found in the intestinal mucosae where they secrete ____ a lubricating, water soluble glycoprotein.
goblet cells, mucus
during organization, the first phase of tissue repair, capillary buds invade the clot, forming a delicate pink tissue called ____ tissue
granulation
composed of glycoproteins and water binding glycosaminoglycans
ground substance
primary bone marrow cell type that remains actively mitotic
hemocytoblast
firm, slightly rubbery matrix; milky white and glassy in appearance
hyaline
forms the embryonic skeleton; covers surfaces of bones at joints; reinforces the trachea
hyaline cartilage
the nonspecific response of the body to injury is called
inflammation
lamina
large layer or sheet
strat
layer
large, irregularly shaped cells, widely distributed, often found in CT; they engulf celluar debris and foreign matter and are active in immunity
macrophages
composed of ground substance and structural protein fibers
matrix
the medium through which nutrients and other substances diffuse
matrix
the structural element of areolar tissue that is fluid and provides a reservoir of water and salts for neighboring tissues
matrix or ground substance
In *apocrine* glands, secretions are produced and released immediately by exocytosis
merocrine
most exocrine glands are *apocrine*
merocrine
the embryonic tissue that gives rise to all types of CT
mesenchymes
meso
middle
found in umbilical cord
mucous and vascular
the above classification refers to the way *ducts branch*
multicellular glands secrete their products
allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and throw a ball
muscle
cells shorten to exert force
muscle
duct from ovary that carried ovum to uterus
neither of these
basis of the major controlling system of the body
nervous
forms the brain and spinal cord
nervous
uses electrochemical signals to carry out its functions
nervous
retic
network
areola
open space
hardest tissue of our skull cap
osseous
cells are arranged in concentric circles around a nutrient canal
osseous tissue
cellular elements that produce the collagen fibers of bone matrix
osteoblasts
epi
over
Six major functions of epithelium
protection, absorption, filtration, exertion, secretion, and sensory reception
lines much of the respiratory tract
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
WHen damage is not too severe, the surface epithelium migrates beneath the dry scab and across the surface of the granulation tissue. This repair process is called ____
regeneration
in apocrine glands, the secretory cells *die* when they pinch off at the apex to release secretions
repairs
makes supporting framework of lymphoid organs
reticular connective
fine, branching protein fibers that construct a supportive network
reticular fibers
squam
scale, flat
crine
seperate
secretory cells located in ____ secretory units
seperate
sero
serum
flask shape gland, unbranched ducts
simple alveolar
absorption, secretion, or ion transport
simple columnar
endothelium and mesothelium
simple squamous
slender, straight gland, unbranched ducts
simple tubular
concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole
skeletal
contains long, nonbranching cylindrical cells
skeletal
found attached to bones
skeletal
multinucleate
skeletal
voluntarily controlled
skeletal
banded appearance
skeletal and cardiac
contains spindle-shaped cells
smooth
found in the walls of the small intestines
smooth
enables you to swallow
smooth or skeletal
lines the inside of the mouth
stratified squamous
protection - epithelium
stratified squamous
ap
tip, extemity
blast
to build
hormon
to excite
lines the inside of the urinary bladder
transitional
streches
transitional
*holocrine* glands store secretions until the cells rupture. Ruptured cells are replaced through mitosis
true
Exocrine glands are classified *functionally* as merocrine, holocrine or apocrine
true
The mammary gland is the most likely example of an *apocrine* gland
true
a sweat gland is an example of *merocrine* gland
true
combination of gland shapes
tubloalveolar
provides the medium for nutrient transport throughout the body
vascular
holo
whole
endo
within